三孔导游词参考合集

山东济宁曲阜的孔府、孔庙、孔林，统称曲阜“三孔”，是中国历代纪念孔子，推崇儒学的表征，以丰厚的文化积淀、悠久历史、宏大规模、丰富文物珍藏，以及科学艺术价值而著称。下面是小编收集整理的精选5篇山东三孔导游词范文，欢迎借鉴参考。

三孔导游词参考合集 1

handong, one of the birthplaces of ancient Chinese culture, is a great land with not only famous mountains and rivers, but also splendid civilization in the long history of civilization. There are numerous places of interest and scenic spots in Shandong.

Dear tourists, ladies and gentlemen, you have worked hard all the way. Welcome to the Confucius Temple.

Dear tourist friends, ladies and gentlemen, welcome to Qufu, Confucius' hometown, and thank you for choosing me as your guide. I'm Zhang, a tour guide of __ travel agency in Qufu. You can call me Xiao Zhang or Zhang Dao. Confucius has a famous saying: "it's a pleasure to have friends from afar." Now let me feel happy to meet new friends and provide you with tour guide service.

Confucius Temple is a ritual temple for Confucius. Confucius is a famous thinker and educator at the end of the spring and Autumn Period in China, and is respected as the founder of the Confucian school. According to records, Confucius was born on the top of the polder, like the shape of Niqiu mountain, so because of the name Qiu, the word Zhongni.

In his life of hard exploration of social practice, Confucius deeply understood and understood the society at that time, gradually established the basic system of Confucianism, and became a famous political theorist, educator and thinker at that time. The Confucianism he founded has a great influence in the history of China and even the world. In the second year after Confucius died (478 BC), Duke AI of Lu changed the hall where Confucius lived to "longevity hall". There were three houses, which displayed "clothes, crowns, Qin, Che, Shu" used by Confucius, and "because they thought they were temples, they were worshipped when they were old", that is, they offered sacrifices on time every year. Although Confucius was a well-known academic master at that time, Confucianism was only a school, and Confucius was not in a high position, so the original Confucius Temple was only the former residence of Confucius. After the Han Dynasty, the status of Confucius and Confucianism gradually improved.

According to records, from 220 A.D. to the time before liberation, the Confucius Temple was rebuilt and expanded for more than 70 times. After more than 2000 years of reconstruction and expansion, the Confucius Temple in Qufu formed a large-scale ancient architectural complex. It covers an area of about 140000 square meters, including 466 halls, pavilions, 54 gates and 17 stele pavilions. With its large scale, the Palace Museum and Chengde Mountain Resort are known as the three major ancient architectural complexes in China.

The overall layout of Confucius Temple is a long-term development of Confucius' former residence, which has a history of more than 2400 years. The architectural effect pursued by the development of Confucius Temple is achieved through the environment created by the whole building complex to set off the great achievements of Confucius and the profound and extensive of Confucianism and Taoism. Therefore, the artistic expression of Confucius temple architecture is firstly the integrity of its overall layout and architectural sequence; secondly, the treatment of its individual buildings and the pattern of each courtyard, and each hall, hall, building, door and pavilion fully shows their respective important role; The third is the subtle aspects of individual architecture, which fully reflects the unparalleled artistic achievements of Chinese ancient architects in design and construction. In the aspect of overall architecture, Confucius Temple adopts the ancient traditional palace style architecture. However, it has been rebuilt and expanded for many times in history. When it is rebuilt and expanded, it is bound to be limited by the shape, scale and other factors of the previous Confucian temple. However, the architectural group of the Confucian temple finally successfully utilized the heritage of the previous generation, which not only reflects the continuation of the historical heritage, but also maintains its overall integrity. This unique architectural form is caused by many factors. First of all, the Confucius Temple is an extension of the former residence of Confucius, which preserves many historical sites related to Confucius, such as the old house well, poetry hall, Lubi, Jinsi hall, and the apricot altar built to commemorate Confucius' lectures; second, the Royal ancestral temple factors, such as the halberd system, the front hall and the back bedroom system; third, the palace factors, such as the five gate system of the emperor, the turret system of the Royal City, the East and West Huamen, etc; The fourth is the factors of clan and family temples, such as Qisheng temple, Chongsheng temple, family temple, etc.; the fifth is the factors of sacrifice. In addition to Confucius, Sipei and twelve philosophers, there are also sages, Confucians and ancestors, with a total number of more than 200 people. In order to accommodate a large number of worshippers, it is necessary to set up veranda, thus forming veranda courtyard. In addition to the above factors, it also highlights the sage status of Confucius and the sanctity of Confucius and Mencius, such as panchi, Bishui, memorial archway and so on, and symbolizes Confucius' great academic achievements with the book building. Confucius Temple has successfully used the traditional combination of courtyard and environment, and achieved the purpose of rendering Confucius' outstanding contribution in academic and education and his lofty position in ancient society. It is a unique architectural form in ancient Chinese architectural complex.

There are more than 1200 ancient trees in the Confucius Temple, which reflect each other with the magnificent buildings. Especially in summer, thousands of egrets live on the ancient trees, forming another unique landscape of the Confucius Temple. Egrets have been designated as city birds by Qufu City.

Wanren palace wall

Jin Sheng Yu Zhen Fang

Jinshengyuzhen square was built in 1538, the 17th year of Jiajing reign of Ming Dynasty. The four characters of "jinshengyuzhen" are written by Hu zuanzong, a scholar of Ming Dynasty. On the square, there is a light carved cloud dragon playing with pearls. On the top of each column, there is a round carving "ward off evil spirits", commonly known as "chaotianhou". Behind the square, there is a single hole stone bridge, on which there is a dragon, named "Panshui bridge". Under the bridge, the upstream of panshuiyuan is connected with gupanchi, and the downstream flows through the South Gate of Ming City Xishuimen enters the moat. The bridge was built in the 16th year of the reign of Emperor Kangxi of the Qing Dynasty (1677 AD).

The four characters of "Jin Sheng Yu Zhen" come from "Mencius · Wan Zhang Xia", Mencius said: "Confucius is called jidacheng. He who has achieved great success has a golden voice and a jade. The first is the sound of gold, and the last is the sound of jade. " It means that Confucius is a master of sages and sages. The original meaning of "Jin Sheng" refers to the sound of "Zhong", an ancient musical instrument in China. The original meaning of "Yu Zhen" refers to the sound of "Qing", an ancient musical instrument in China. Mencius compares Confucius' thought to a perfect music. Here, to borrow Mencius' meaning, it means that Confucius' thought is perfect and integrates the achievements of ancient sages to reach the top.

Lattice star gate

Lingxing gate was built in the 13th year of Yongle (AD 1415) of Ming Dynasty. It was originally made of wood. In the 19th year of Qianlong (AD 1754) of Qing Dynasty, it was replaced by stone pillars and iron beams when Kong Zhaohuan rebuilt the Confucius Temple. On the top of the four pillars are the four generals, and on the middle beam are the fire pearls, which symbolizes that the gate is guarded by the generals and becomes a towering gate.

Lingxing, namely Tiantian star, was first seen in the historical data of the Han Emperor Gaozu's order to worship Lingxing. The ancients believed that Lingxing was a star that "the LORD was honored by the scholars" and was specially in charge of officials. In the sixth year of emperor Renzong of Song Dynasty (A.D. 1028), a Lingxing gate was built on the outer wall of the platform, which was like a window lattice. There is a gate in the Confucius Temple, which means to worship Confucius as heaven. This can be seen in the records of JINGDING Jiankang and Jinling Xinzhi of Song Dynasty. In addition, there is a inscription in the Confucius Temple: the Lingxing gate is set up to "dredge it to accommodate the corporal". Wherever there is a Lingxing gate, its door leaf must be made of lattice structure, so it has the meaning of dredge. The Confucius temple takes this meaning to attract scholars from all over the world to study here.

In feudal society, all the officials who came to Qufu to offer sacrifices to Confucius, regardless of their positions, had to get off the sedan chair and dismount the military officials to show their respect for Confucius. This monument was first erected in the second year of the reign of emperor Mingchang of Jin Dynasty (1191 AD), and now only one is left in the East.

Taihe Yuanqi square

Taihe Yuanqi square was built in the 23rd year of Jiajing in the Ming Dynasty (1544 A.D.), which is of stone structure. "Taihe Yuanqi" was written by the governor of Shandong at that time.

quot;Taihe" refers to the combination of heaven and earth, sun and moon, and Yin and Yang. "Yuanqi" originally means the original material that forms the world. Later, some materialists called the five elements "Yuanqi" as "gold, wood, water, fire and earth". Everything in the world is composed of five elements. Here, "Yuanqi" is the combination of heaven and earth, sun and moon, and Yin and Yang, which is the basis for the growth of all things. "Taihe Qi" means that Confucius thought embodies the essence and the most noble aspect of human thought. It can make human thought reach a supreme position as the universe produces everything.

After Yuanqi square of Taihe, there was the "Zhisheng Temple" square, formerly known as the "Xuansheng Temple" square. There was no record of its founding date. There was a "Xuansheng Temple" square on the temple map in the 16th year of Hongzhi of Ming Dynasty (AD 1503). In 1729 ad, Xuansheng temple was changed to Zhisheng temple. This square is white marble. "Zhi" means supreme.

quot;Demou heaven and earth, Daoguan ancient and modern" means that Confucius contributed as much to mankind as heaven and earth. Confucius thought is unprecedented, and is supreme in both ancient and modern times and in the future.

Holy time gate

hengshimen, originally the main gate of Confucius Temple, was built in the 13th year of Yongle (AD 1415) of Ming Dynasty, expanded in the 12th year of Hongzhi (AD 1499), and named "shengshimen" by Emperor Shizong of Qing Dynasty in the 8th year of Yongzheng (AD 1730). The gate is built on a high platform, and there are reliefs on the front and rear Royal Roads respectively. It is carved in the Ming Dynasty. "Shengshimen" was written by Emperor Gaozong of Qing Dynasty.

The word "Shengshi" comes from Mencius. After comparing four ancient Chinese sages, Mencius pointed out: "Boyi is the sage of Qing Dynasty; Yiyin is the sage of Ren Dynasty; liuxiahui is the sage of harmony; Confucius is the sage of time". Yi Yin helped Tang exterminate Xia Jie, assisted Wai Bing after Tang died, and established Tang sun Tai Jia to ascend the throne after Zhong Ren died. Because Tai Jia destroyed Tang FA, he was banished by Yi Yin. Three years later, Tai Jia repented and Yi Yin took him back. Mencius called Yi Yin the sage; Liu Xiahui was a senior official of the state of Lu in the spring and Autumn period. He had been demoted three times and remained in office. When asked why he didn't leave, he replied, "how can we go straight and serve people? Why should we go to our parents' country if we do wrong?" later, when Qi attacked Lu, he sent people to Qi to persuade him to withdraw. Without a single soldier, he withdrew from Qi's army, so Mencius said that he was the Holy One. By comparison, Mencius believes that Confucius is the sage of the time, the sage of the whole time, is the most suitable sage of the times, no matter in any period, any dynasty, Confucius thought should become orthodox thought.

ishui Bridge

When you enter the Shengshi gate, it suddenly opens. In the large square courtyard, there are towering ancient trees, fragrant grass, symmetrical East and West, each with a waist gate. The three arch bridges on the opposite side cover the Bishui, and half cover the Hongdao gate. In addition, the stone bonsai is decorated on it. It makes people relaxed and happy, and they are all moved. They suddenly feel that they have entered the realm of "God". Those who worship the saints will look up to the top, and those who watch will see it first. Connected with this situation, the east side of the waist gate is called "quick view", and the west side of the waist gate is called "Yang Gao". "Kuai Kan" means seeing first, while "Yanggao" comes from the Analects of Confucius · Zihan. It means that Confucius' way is high and unfathomable. Looking up, the higher you look, the higher you study Confucius' thoughts and theories. Once you enter the door, you will feel that there is no end to what you learn. These two gates were built in the 12th year of Hongzhi in Ming Dynasty (1499 AD). In the past, only the emperor could go through the main gate for sacrifice, and most people could only enter the temple through the Yanggao gate.

In front of a water across, three bridges longitudinal span, ring water has carved stone column, because the water "around such as Bi" named "Bi water". There is Jinshui in front of Tiananmen Gate in Beijing, where Bishui means Confucius Temple is the same as the Imperial Palace, so the third bridge is named Bishui bridge. It was first built in the 13th year of Yongle (AD 1415) of Ming Dynasty. In the 12th year of Hongzhi of Ming Dynasty (AD 1499), stone railings were added. The river body was built with a river bottom. The original river was built with small walls. In the 16th year of Kangxi of Qing Dynasty (AD 1677), the small walls were changed into stone railings.

Hongdaomen

Hongdaomen was built in 1377, the 10th year of Hongwu in Ming Dynasty. It was the main gate of Confucius Temple at that time. When the Confucius Temple was rebuilt in Hongzhi period of Ming Dynasty, it was rebuilt into five rooms. In the eighth year of Yongzheng (1730 A.D.), Emperor Yongzheng designated it as "Hongdao gate". Later, Emperor Qianlong inscribed the word "Hongdao" and erected a plaque on the gate.

There are two stone steles under hongdaomen. The East stele is the "history of Qufu county" carved in Yuan Dynasty, which records the history of Qufu before Yuan Dynasty and has high historical value. Xibei is the epitaph of Mr. Chushi Wang in Yuan Dynasty, which is of great calligraphy value. The two steles were originally erected in Jiuxian village in the east of Qufu City and moved to the Confucius Temple in 1964.

Da Zhong men

Dazhongmen is the main gate of Confucius Temple in Song Dynasty. It was built in Song Dynasty and rebuilt in 1499. The three character plaque of "dazhongmen" was written by Emperor Gaozong of Qing Dynasty.

There are three green tile corner buildings on both sides of the Dazhong gate. The two corner buildings are built on the square high platform in the shape of a curved ruler. The rectangular outline formed by the two corner buildings and the East and west corner buildings behind the Confucius Temple is the outline of the Confucius Temple in the yuan Dynasty. The main buildings in the Confucius Temple are within this outline. The turret was built in 1331 A.D. in the second year of the Yuan Dynasty. The corner tower of Confucius Temple is modeled on the corner tower of Imperial City, which means that Confucius Temple is as majestic as imperial palace.

Tongwenmen was built in Song Dynasty. It was originally three rooms, and expanded to five rooms in Chenghua period of Ming Dynasty. It was called "shentongmen" in the reign of Emperor Kangxi of the Qing Dynasty, and changed to tongwenmen in the seventh year of Yongzheng of the Qing Dynasty (1729 AD). This door is a single door, no wall on the left and right. In the past, in traditional Chinese palace style architecture, small buildings were often used as barriers before the main building to show solemnity. Tongwen gate acted as a barrier for Kuiwen Pavilion. "Tongwenmen" was written by Emperor Gaozong of Qing Dynasty.

Kuiwen Pavilion

, formerly known as the library, was built in the Song Dynasty with five double eaves. In the sixth year of jinmingchang (AD 1195), it was changed into three eaves and was named . In the 17th year of Hongzhi in Ming Dynasty (1504 AD), it was changed into seven rooms. Emperor Qianlong of Gaozong of Qing Dynasty inscribed a plaque on the pavilion.

Kuiwen Pavilion is 30.1 meters wide from east to west, 17.62 meters deep from north to south, and 23.35 meters high. It has triple cornices, four layers of brackets, and eight octagonal stone columns under the eaves. The internal structure is a laminated wooden frame, with two layers of Pavilion and a dark layer in the middle.

Kui, the name of the star. One of the 28 sleepers. It is said that it is the head of the white tiger in the west, with a total of 16 stars, "buckled and hooked, like a painting of words". In the book of filial piety, it is said that "the article of Kui master", and later generations further described Kui star as "the head of civil servants". Therefore, in order to praise Confucius as a civil servant, Jin Zhangzong named the original library Kuiwen Pavilion.

Kuiwen pavilion has experienced hundreds of years of ups and downs and hundreds of earthquakes since it was expanded in 1504. In the West Pavilion, there is a tablet recording a major earthquake in the Kangxi period of Qing Dynasty, "nine houses in the world, one in the world". That is to say, 90% of the houses collapsed and Kuiwen pavilion was safe and sound. By the early 1980s, Kuiwen Pavilion had been in disrepair for many years. Some of the wood was rotten and the top of the pavilion was twisted. Under the leadership of the State Administration of cultural relics, experts on ancient buildings were organized to work out a restoration plan. More than 1.2 million yuan was allocated to renovate Kuiwen Pavilion one year ahead of the original schedule. The renovated Kuiwen pavilion has completely maintained its original specifications and style.

There are two stone tablets in the East and west of corridor. Fu in the East is written by Li Dongyang, a famous poet in Ming Dynasty, and Qiao Zong, a famous calligrapher. In the west is reset books record, which records that in 1511, Liu Liu and Liu Qi led the peasant uprising army to capture Qufu and occupy the Confucius Temple. After they burned k's books, the emperor ordered the Ministry of rites to issue imperial books. In the late Qing Dynasty, the collection of books in Kuiwen pavilion was moved to Confucius' residence for preservation.

Kuiwen Pavilion is now on display with the pictures of Confucius' holy relics

三孔导游词参考合集 2

孔子，春秋时代鲁国人，也就是曲阜人，名丘，字仲尼，生于公元前551年，死于公元前479年，享年73岁。孔子3岁时，父亲叔梁纥去世，16岁时，母亲颜征在去世，少年孔子成了孤儿，开始了他在等级森严的封建社会中独自谋生、学习和奋斗的一生。

孔子少年发奋自学，勤而好问，青年时代便掌握了参与贵族政治必须熟悉的礼、乐、射、御、书、数六艺，进而掌握了《诗》、《书》、《礼》、《乐》、《易》、《春秋》六经的内容，为创立儒家文化奠定了基础。

孔子30岁设学授徒，开始了漫长的教育生涯，他首开中国私人讲学、面向民众，提倡“有教无类”之风，成为中国第一位，也是世界上第一位伟大的教育家。

孔子51岁时，才做了中都县令，后来曾在鲁摄相事，然而时间不长，他便辞了官，离开鲁国开始了他长达14年的周游列国之行。

孔子在68岁时回到鲁国，他把几乎全部精力放在了教学和文献整理上，一直到死。孔子的一生是颠沛流离，饱经忧患的一生，是艰苦卓绝、激励奋发的一生，是春风化雨，培育英才的一生，是著书立说，济时救世的一生。如今，他的躯体虽已灰飞烟灭，但他的思想，却潜入每个东方人的心灵，他熔铸了中华民族的个性和品格，随着历史的发展和社会的进步，孔子还将引导着人类，跨向21世纪。

曲阜的文物古迹和旅游景点很多，大部分与孔子和孔子文化有关。现在我们所在的位置是曲阜明故城的正南门外，城门的北面是被称为中国三大古建筑群之一的孔庙。城门的正上方有“万仞宫墙”4个大字。“仞”是古代的长度单位，一仞约等于8尺。据说，有人称赞孔子的弟子子贡很有学问，子贡听说以后，就说：“人的学问好比宫墙，我的学问只有墙头这么高，人们一看便会看见墙内的一切，而我的老师孔子的这道墙有数仞，不找到它的门是不能看到墙内宗庙之美丽、房舍的多种多样”。后人为表达对孔子的敬仰，明代胡缵宗就写了“万仞宫墙”4个字镶在城门上，清代乾隆皇帝为了显示自己对孔子的崇拜，又把胡碑取下，换上了自己写的“万仞宫墙”4个大字。这就是“万仞宫墙”的来历。

孔庙是后人为祭祀孔子而修建的庙宇，始建于孔子死后第2年。面积有327。5亩，仿皇宫之制，分九进院落，左右对称排列，整个建筑群共有五殿、一阁、一坛、两庑、两堂、17座碑亭、54座门坊共466间，南北长约1公里。孔庙恢宏壮丽，面积之大，历史之久，保存之完整，是世界建筑史上的唯一孤例。

孔庙的第一座石坊叫“金声玉振坊”。孟子对孔子曾有过这样的评价，他说：“孔子之谓集大成，集大成者，金声而玉振之也”。“金声、玉振”表示奏乐的全过程，以击钟开始，以击磐告终，比喻孔子的思想集古圣先贤之大成。石坊上面莲花宝座上各刻有一个独角怪兽称“辟邪”，也叫“朝天吼”，这是封建社会王爵府第才可使用的饰物。

孔庙第一道门叫“棂星门”。“棂星”又名天田星，古人祭天，先要祭棂星。“棂星门”三个字为乾隆所书。“太和元气”坊同“金声玉振”坊差不多，题字为明代山东巡抚曾铣手书，赞颂孔子思想如同天地生育万物。此院东西各有一座腰门，东边上书“德侔天地一样大，他的学说古今来说都是最好的”。这座门叫“圣时门”，由此住里，有博大精深、深不可测之感。“圣时”二字，取《孟子。万章下》，“孔子，圣之时者也”句，意思是说，在圣人之中，孔子是最适合时代者。

过圣时门迎面小石桥，叫“璧水桥”，桥两侧偏南各有一座门，东门叫“快睹门”，是先睹为快的意思，西门叫“仰高门”赞颂孔子的学问十分高深。我们进入的大门，称“弘道门”，这三个字取自《论语。卫星公》“人能弘道”的句子，以此来赞颂孔子阐发了尧舜汤和文武周公之“道”。这道门也是明朝洪武十年(1377年)时孔庙的大门。再往后是“大中门”，大中门是宋朝时期孔庙的大门，原名叫“宫和门”，字的意思与孔子中庸之道的主张有关，由此门向南望去，一方面可以看到孔庙的历史沿革，一方面也可以看到孔庙的不断扩大，这些建筑既有清代建筑，也有明代建筑，还有宋代建筑，它们建的时代不同，工匠不同，但都互相配合，相得益彰，构成一体。看孔庙建筑，同时可以看到一部分中国封建社会的发展史。

这块碑立于明成化四年(1468年)，因此也叫“成化碑”，它为明宪宗朱见深所立，碑高6米，宽2米多。这块碑的特点是书法精湛，著称于世，并且碑文用论辩形式写成，在极力推崇孔子方面，可以说是之最。大家请看右上角，那上面写道：“联惟孔子之道，有天下者一日不可无焉”，又说：“孔子之道在天下，如布帛粟菽，民生日用不可暂缺”。这碑下面的动物不是乌龟，叫_屭，是龙的儿子，特别能负重，所以用来驮碑，有句话讲“龙生九子不成龙”，在孔庙内，龙和龙的9个儿子，你都可以看到，当地的老百姓常来这里抚摸这_屭，他们说：“摸摸_屭的头，一辈子不犯愁，摸摸X屭的X，一辈子不生病”。

我们面前的这座木结构建筑名叫“奎文阁”，原是孔庙的藏书楼。“奎星”为二十八星宿之一，有星十六颗，“屈曲相钩，似文字之画”，后来人们把它演化为文官之首，封建帝王把孔子比作天上的奎星，所以孔子又称“历代文官主”。这座楼阁高23。35米，阔30。1米，深17。62米，三重飞檐，四层斗拱，构造坚固而且合理，康熙年间曲阜曾有过一次大地震，“人间房屋倾者九，存者一”，而奎文阁却傲然屹立，安然无恙，由此可见我国古代劳动人民的聪明智慧和高超的建筑艺术。

我们现在进入孔庙的第六进院落，展现在大家面前的是13座碑亭，南边8座，北边5座。亭内保存着唐、宋、元、明、清各代石碑共55幢，碑文多为皇帝对孔子的追谥加封、拜庙亲祭、整修庙宇的纪录，用汉文、八思巴文、满文等刻成。此排中间的这座碑，重约65吨，采自北京的西山，在当时，将如此重量的石碑从千里之外，跋山涉水，运至曲阜，不能不说是一个奇迹。此院东、西各有一门，是孔庙第三道腰门，为“东华门、西华门”。

我们现在进入大成门，“大成门”是指今天下之大成，这一排共有5门并列，最西边为启圣门，是供奉孔子父母的地方，中路大成门，又有“金声门、玉振门”相佐，中路为孔庙最中心的地方，东为承圣门，原为孔子故居。

大家知道，孔子是伟大的思想家，教育家、政治家，我们认为，孔子首先是个教育家，他是中国第一位老师，封建皇帝封他为“至圣先师”“万世师表”，应当说，他是全人类的老师，是名符其实的“人类灵魂工程师”。我们面前的“杏坛”，相传是当年孔子设坛讲学的地方，金代建亭作以纪念，著名文人党怀英书“杏坛”二字。坛侧有棵杏树，为后人所栽，每当初春时节，红花绽开，绿叶摇曳。所以乾隆皇帝来朝拜时，曾赋诗赞之，诗曰：重来又值籼开时，几树东风簇绛枝，岂是人间凡卉比，文明终古共春熙。

三孔导游词参考合集 3

尊敬的各位来宾：

你们好!我受旅游、接待部门的委托，对光临名城曲阜参观游览的各位佳宾表示热烈地欢迎。我有幸为大家导游陪同参观，非常高兴，这是咱们共同颀赏学习的好机会。看后请留下宝贵意见。

首先，向大家简要介绍一下曲阜的历史、文物概况。

历史文化名城曲阜是我国古代伟大的思想家、教育家、政治家、文献整理家、世之圣人孔子的家乡，亚圣孟子的故里，中华民族的始祖轩辕黄帝的诞生地，炎帝的首都，商殷故国，鲁国首都。三皇五帝有四位在这里生息劳作，有5000多年的历史。地下有丰富的宝藏，地上有众多的文物。现有文物112处，其中有联合国保护单位，世界文化遗产3处，全国保护的4处，省级12处，其他为地市级保护的。

重中之重有“三孔两庙一陵”、“三山二林一寺”。孔庙、孔府、孔林，俗称“三孔”，有祭祀中国元圣周公的庙宇，有祭祀孔子第一大弟子复圣颜回的庙，俗称“两庙”;“一陵”是黄帝诞生地--寿丘少昊陵;“三山”;孔子出生地尼山、汉墓群九龙山、小泰山--九仙山(又称九山)。二林是：世界教育孩子最好的母亲孟母林，孔子父母埋葬地梁公林;“一寺”是李白、杜甫作诗、答对、分手处，著名文人孔尚任隐居处国家园林“石门寺”。

我们现在看孔庙。

孔庙，又称至圣庙，是祭祀孔子及其夫人亓官氏和七十二贤人的地方。孔庙同北京的故宫、河北承德市避暑山庄并称中国的三大古建筑群。专家对孔庙讲了四名话：建筑时间最久远、最宏大、保存最完整、东方建筑特色最突出。从孔庙可看出两个问题：一是孔子对中国乃至东方文化的巨大贡献;二是中国在历史上就有能工巧匠。

孔庙始建于公元前478年，孔子去世的第二年建庙。在孔子故居建庙堂三间，陈列孔子的衣、车、书等，“岁时奉祀”。历代皇帝对孔庙都有扩建，计大修15次，中修31次，小修数百次达到现在的规模。孔庙仿皇宫建筑之制，分三路布局，九过院落，共有房屋466间，门亭54座，东西相对贯穿在一条中轴线上，有碑碣近千块，占地327.5亩，长达两华里又150公尺。现在看到的孔庙是明弘治年间的规模。解放后国家多次拨款维修保护。我国首批公布的全国重点文物保护单位，1994年12月列入世界文化遗产，成为联合国保护的文物单位，孔庙建筑时间之久远，规模之宏大，保存之完整实属世之罕见。

神道。“万仞宫墙”前古柏苍劲的这段路为“神道”。重要的庙宇前都有专开的尊敬灵通之道，称“神道”。

万仞宫墙。这道门是曲阜明城正南门，也是孔庙的第一道门，上悬“万仞宫墙”四个大字，系清乾隆皇帝的御笔。它来源于孔子得意弟子子贡。鲁国大会诸侯时，有人提出子贡的学问博大精深，可与孔子相提并论，子贡在场，马上站起来说，我可不敢与俺老师孔子比，人的学问好比一堵墙，我这道墙只有一仞之高，俺老师的墙有数仞之多。就是说，我的学问等于一肩膀头子高，一目了然没什么深奥的;孔子的学问有我数倍之多，经过详细的研究，全面的探讨，才能了解他的全部，入了门以后，才能看到宗庙之美，在门外头你是看不到的。后人为了形容孔子的学问高深，从夫子之墙数仞，到“百仞”、“千仞”到明代皇帝封孔子为“天下文官主，历代帝王师”，封孔子学问有“万仞”，赞颂孔子学问有一万个八尺，往上看，看不到顶，亦说此墙深壁高垒非常坚固。这四个字原为明钦差所写，乾隆为表示他对孔子的重视，亲书“万仞宫墙”换上了他的御笔。

金声玉振坊。此坊建于明代，为表达孔子学问精湛而完美，如同奏乐的全过程，自始至终完整无缺。古乐是以敲钟开始，钟起“始条理也”，是击磬告终，“玉振”为磬落的声音，称“终条理也”，赞扬孔子的学问是集先贤先圣之大成，所以称“金声而玉振也”，“金声”钟的声音，始，“玉振”磬的声音，终。这也是办事要“有始有终”成语的来源。“金声玉振”是明代大书法家胡缵宗题定的。

“二柏担一孔”。过玉振坊这个单孔的石拱桥，东西各有一棵古柏，所以人称“二柏担一孔”。这桥名曰：“泮水桥”与行宫旁泮水池的水相通，因之演义为“盼水”。过去读孔孟之书，考上高等学府叫“入盼”，做官的盼高升，做买卖盼发财，过日子盼兴旺。

下马碑。庙墙外东西各立一块石碑，公元1191年专立的下马碑，下轿碑。西边的碑早毁坏，东边这块碑上写“官员人等至此下马”。过去文武官员、庶民百姓从此路过下轿下马徒步而行，以示对孔子、孔庙的尊敬。

棂星门。明代所建，公元1754年重修，由木制改铁石的。“棂星门”系乾隆御笔。相传天上星系“有二十八宿”，其中，有个掌管文化的星叫“棂星”，又名“文曲星”、“天振星”，把孔子与天上管文化的星联系起来，说文化方面他是最高的，如过去祭天，要先祭“文曲星”，有尊孔如尊天的说法。

太和元气坊。这坊是明代公元1544年所建，极赞孔子的思想，主张如同“太空宇宙能哺育万物。天地之合，四方之合，阴阳之合”，称“太和”之气是最基本的东西，宇宙之太和，人间之元气。“太和元气”系山东巡抚曾铣手书。

至圣庙坊。明代所建“至圣庙坊”，是汉白玉的，上饰火焰宝珠。

德侔天地，道冠古今。这道院的东西对衬各建一处很奇特的牌坊，木制角棱环绕，千头万续，下有八个怪兽，叫“天龙神狮”，相传它威严灵感，可驱除邪恶，匡扶正义。东边牌坊上书：“德侔天地”，说孔子的思想主张给人类的好处如同天高地厚，功德能同天地相比。西边的牌坊上书“道冠古今”，赞孔子思想、办法古今都是盖世之冠。

圣时门。三门并列，四道台皆同上，中央盘龙。此门命名来源于孟子，对古代四位圣人伯夷、伊尹、柳下惠、孔子，孟子把四圣人的圣迹归纳为四句话：伯夷圣之清者也，伊尹圣之任者也，柳下惠圣之和者也，孔子圣之时者也。“圣时”极赞孔子思想主张经久不衰，是适合时代的圣人。皇帝来曲阜朝孔要行“三跪九叩大礼”，走圣时门;历代“衍圣公”出生时打开“圣时门”，除这两种情况外，此门不轻易开启。都走快覩门、仰高门。

快覩门，取先睹为快之意。就是说孔子的学问“五经四书”，谁先学谁先有文化，谁先学谁先有知识，争相学习，以先见到先读为快乐。

仰高门。根据颜回赞扬孔子的一段话命名的。颜回说，夫子之道，仰之弥高，钻之弥坚。赞孔子学问向上看不到顶，叫“弥高”，学起来文言文很难懂，叫“弥坚”，高不是高不可攀，经过努力是完全可以学到的。颜回说“夫子循循然，善诱人，博我以文，说我以礼。”俺老师循循善诱，教我以文化，施我以礼节。

汉石人。仰高门里亭子里有两位历史价值很高的汉石人，一位是“亭长”，(汉代地方小官)，一位府门之卒，都是鲁王墓前守卫的。石人被历代金石学家所重视，对研究汉代服装和文字有重要价值。

金水桥，这道桥，同故宫前的桥同名，称金水桥，又叫碧水桥，三孔排列，绿水荡漾。

弘道门。过金水桥是明代皇帝钦定的“弘道门”，取“论语”中“人能弘道，非道弘人”之意。孔子是个普通文人，为什么成为圣人?赞孔子总结了先贤先圣的经验，尤其弘扬了尧舜禹汤，文武周公之道。“人能弘道，说人能指挥创造一切，非道弘人，并不是一切指挥人，这是赞扬人的主观能动性。”弘道门下有两块石碑，东边的四棱碑是“曲阜历代沿革志”记载了曲阜沿革变迁的历史，元代所立，史料价值很高，西边的是“处士先生墓志”，具有很高的书法价值。

大中门。大中门是宋代孔庙的大门，称“中和门”，意为用孔子的思想处理问题都可迎刃而解。明代扩建庙改称“大中门”，赞孔子的学问是集人类知识之大成，中，取“中庸”之意，“中者天下之正道，庸者天下之定理”，中不偏，庸不易。离开中者，就不是正道，成了邪道、歪门。就是说不左不右，公平正道，向前为中庸。大中门东西两头有角楼两座是守卫孔庙用的。

同文门，四大名牌，孔庙图。进入大中门里左右有四块大碑。西边的明弘治碑，讲的纲常伦理。弘治碑右侧有明代才子湖南长沙李东阳绘制的“孔庙图”价值很高。

成化碑，是明代成化皇帝朱见深所立。有两个情况引起历代大家名人的注意。一是成化碑正楷字写的好、规范化、标准化，精湛引人，字体笔法有“著称于世”的评语;二是对孔子评价最高，历代皇帝对孔子都有评说，评价最高的是成化皇帝，他把孔子的思想、办法比作吃饭、穿衣、花钱，一天也离不开，有了孔子的道理和办法，就能人尽其才，物尽其用，地尽其力，不然就乱套啦。说有孔子之道则有天下，没孔子之道则无天下，反孔子之道则失天下。如碑文称：“朕唯孔子之道，天下一日不可无焉，有孔子之道则纲常正而伦理明，万物各得其所矣...，孔子之道之在天下如布帛粟菽，民生日用不可暂缺，...天生孔子纵之为圣，生之安行仁义中正，师道兴起，从游三千，往圣是继。”

同文门。取“人同心”字同文之意。是说同心协力，团结一致才能干好事业;文字要统一，有统一的文字才能记载历史传播经验，随意造字就会乱套。同文门是奎文阁前的重要屏障。

奎文阁，原为藏书楼，是收藏御赐书籍的地方。建于宋天禧二年(公元1018年)，金章宗重修时改为“奎文阁”。这座独特雄伟的建筑，完全是木质结构，在中国楼的建设上称孤例。经过几次地震，奎文阁没有震毁。清康熙5年地震“十间房子倒者有九，存者有一，奎文阁巍然不动”。明代吏部尚书李东阳专写了“奎文阁赋”，赞奎文阁的建筑研究价值。就是廊下东头这块碑。

楼阁前这东西两院称：“斋宿”，是祭祀人员斋戒、沐浴的地方。东院是衍圣公斋宿所，清康熙、乾隆祭孔时都在东斋宿盥洗。西院是从祭人员的斋宿。孔子七十一代孙孔昭薰将庙内宋、元、明、清五朝代拜孔庙碑130多块集中镶嵌在院墙上，故西斋宿又称碑院。

十三碑亭。这是孔庙的第六进院落，亭内立有55块碑，是唐、宋、金、元、明、清等朝代所立，其内容都是皇帝、钦差拜孔、对孔子的追谥、评价，历次修孔庙的记载，有汉、满、蒙、八思巴文等文字。南八北五，所以称十三碑亭，因为都是经皇帝批准立的碑，因此又叫御碑亭。东起前排第三、六两个亭子是金代所建，是我国现存不可多见的建筑。凡是用赑屭驮的碑都称“御碑”。“赑屭”是吉祥物，传说龙王有九子，它是第8子，它爱“文”，善于负重，石碑有文字而沉重适合其特点，形象应为龙头、龟身、鹰腿、蛇尾。

东起北边这第三个亭子是康熙皇帝立的碑。北京西山采的石头经大运河，经济南又运到这里。专家计算这幢碑13万斤重，从济宁沿途泼水冻了，在冰上滑过来的，有时一天只走卧牛之地。曲阜本有好石头不用，要从北京运来，以示皇帝对孔子的重视。这院东南、西南各有一片碑碣都是王公大臣们修庙、拜孔的记载，书法价值很高。

这个院东西对衬各有一门，东为“毓粹门”，西是“观德门”。俗称东华门、西华门。

孔庙由这里起分为三路布局，这一道五门，中为“大成门”，左边是“金声门”，右边是“玉振门”，再往西为“启圣门”，再往东为“承圣门”。大成门的建筑结构是“犬牙交错，勾心斗角”。中间插进为“勾心”，左右四角尖端相顶为“斗角”。大成门三字系雍正皇帝的御笔。赞孔子是集先圣先贤之大成，达到了至高无上的境界。

先师手植桧。大成门里左边这棵挺拔苍劲的桧树，是孔夫子手植的。据记载：孔子在这里裁过三棵桧树，金贞佑二年(公元1214年)毁于兵火，树枯而又发新枝，曾“三枯三荣”，有“桧树日茂孔氏日兴”的说法。明万历年间才子杨光训题写了“先师手植桧”五个大字。

两庑长廊。这两侧的对等两排房子，共80间，称“东西庑”，是供奉七十二贤人的地方。孔子号称弟子三千，身通六艺文武全才的七十二人，供奉在东西庑。历代帝王都有封的配享先贤。如董仲舒、韩愈、王明阳、诸葛亮、寇准、岳飞等等。到民国年间已封到156名。最后一位先贤是梁启超先生。原有塑像，牌位，后一律改为木制牌位。东西庑现在陈列的是收集的宋代以前的中贵石刻。周公训子、蝙蝠行医等，最为珍贵的国宝有汉魏朝碑刻22块，书法价值特高的“礼器碑”、“乙瑛碑”、“史晨碑”、张猛龙碑“、米芾碑”等都是罕见的珍品。西庑陈列了100多块“汉画石刻”，都是久负盛名的艺术珍品，是研究汉、魏等历史社会生活难得的珍贵资料。东庑北端陈列着584块石刻，是孔子六十九代孙孔继涑写的玉虹楼法贴。

杏坛。这是为纪念孔子讲学建的。孔子当初是在土台上大杏树下给弟子们讲学。宋代公元1018年，孔子45代孔道辅监修孔庙时，将正殿后移扩建，在正殿旧址建亭，环植以杏，名曰“杏坛”。杏坛二字，是金代著名文人党怀英篆书。亭内有乾隆皇帝御笔“杏坛赞”，这是他第一次来曲阜写的。乾隆题写的匾、对联、条幅等在曲阜有50多处。

大成殿。这是孔庙的主殿，它和北京的故宫太和殿、泰安岱庙天贶殿并称东方三大建筑，又称东方三大殿。价值高历史长的是大成殿。殿高24.8米，阔45.7米，深24.89米。四周环有28根用整个石头雕成的龙柱，工艺精湛，造诣很深。尤其殿前廊10株深浮雕的滚龙柱实为世之罕见，10棵柱子20 条龙，上下对翔，升腾盘绕戏一颗珠子，神态各异，无一雷同，越看越有动意，跃然石上栩栩如生。这是徽州工匠的杰作。皇帝来曲阜朝孔时，孔家都用黄绫把龙柱裹起来，不让皇帝直接看到龙柱，因为超过了金銮殿，怕皇帝不高兴，加以责怪。其余18根柱是八棱的浅浮雕龙柱，一个棱面刻九条龙，每根柱子八个棱，八九 72条龙共计雕刻1296条龙。这是罕见的石刻艺术瑰宝。总览大成殿雄伟壮观。

五圣十二先哲。大成殿内供奉着17尊像。

五大圣人。至圣孔子，意为圣人中的圣人，至高无上。孔夫子在中央，头戴十二旒之冕，身穿十二章王服，手持震圭，威严肃穆，使人肃然起敬。两侧为四配：东边是复圣颜子，述圣子思;西边是宗圣曾子，亚圣孟子。东头六位，西头六位，称十二先哲，有子贡、子路、冉求等11位孔子的弟子，有一位是宋朝朱熹，著名理学家，五经四书解释的好，被封为先哲。“生民未有”的匾，是孟子赞孔子，说“生民未有盛于孔子也”。有人类以来，还没有全面超过孔子的人，所以叫“生民未有”。“万世师表”是康熙题写，封孔子为“万世皇帝之师，千古人类之表，皇帝的老师，做人的表率。”“斯文在兹”是光绪写的，意为天下的文化都在这里。

寝殿。供奉孔子夫人亓官氏的专殿。是孔庙第三大建筑。亓官氏宋国人(河南商丘)，19岁嫁孔子，后生子孔鲤，贤妻良母，早孔子7年去世，被封“至圣先师夫人”，同孔子一样享受祭祀。寝殿周围28根石柱上雕凤凰，每条柱子刻凤凰72只，同龙的数量一样，叫龙凤呈祥。

圣迹殿。以石刻连环画的形式记载了孔子的事迹。有120块文图并茂的石刻，是孔子后代同明代巡抚御史何出光主持修建的。由吴郡著名画工章草绘画刻石，镶在殿内墙上。是我国第一部人、文兼有的完整的连环画。有很高的历史和艺术价值。殿正面“万世师表”为康熙御笔，正中孔子大司冠像是唐代大画家吴道子画的。殿东头是康熙朝孔的御碑，西头有晋代名画家顾恺之画的孔子行教像，习称“夫子小影”最接近孔子的面貌特征。还有宋代大家米芾的赞孔子的小篆：“孔子孔子大哉孔子，子以前既无孔子，孔子以后更无孔子，孔子孔子大哉孔子”。明确的说，孔子伟大啊!无与伦比，空前绝后!

孔庙西路是祭礼孔子父母的地方。其父叔梁纥，母颜征在，皇帝封为启圣王和启圣王夫人，建有启圣王殿、寝殿、金丝堂等建筑。

孔庙的东路，前后两部分，前院是孔子故宅，有“孔宅故井”，孔子九代孙孔鲋藏书的地方名“鲁壁”，现在看到的经书，立头功的应为“鲁壁”。为纪念孔子教育其子读书建了“诗礼堂”，孔子说“不学诗无以言，不字礼无以立”，意为不学诗不会讲话，不学礼不懂得如何立身事。诗礼堂内有著名雕刻家石可先生刻制的仿汉画石刻“圣迹图”。后院是崇圣祠、五代祠，祭祀孔子上五代祖先的祠堂。

各位先生，孔庙似历史的、知识的学堂，因时间有限，咱们只看了主要的，我是厄要介绍的。孔子是圣人，也是伟大的旅游家，周游列国14年，宣传他修身、齐家、治国平天下的学问，收集了宝贵的资料。有关圣人的遗迹很多，很值得一看。我们相处时间虽短，可友谊长存，盼望各位有机会再来曲阜观光，我们一定很好地服务。

孔庙就看到这里，谢谢大家的合作，欢迎您再来。

三孔导游词参考合集 4

Dear tourists

Hello everyone! Welcome to Qufu, the Holy Land! I'm Chen Kerun, your guide. Just call me Xiao Chen. Today, I will take you to visit the three famous Confucius: Confucius Mansion, Confucius Temple and Confucius forest. Confucius has a famous saying: "is it a pleasure to have friends from afar?" I am very happy to be a tour guide. I will try my best to serve you well. If there are any shortcomings, please point them out, and I will try my best to correct them!

The entrance to the Confucius Mansion can be divided into three roads: the East Road has Yiguan hall, Musi hall, etc.; the west road is the place where the Confucius Mansion received distinguished guests and studied in those years, including Zhongshu hall, anhuatang, Huating hall, etc.; the middle road is mostly the main building of the Confucius Mansion, the first half of which is the government office, and the second half is the inner house.

The Confucius Temple was originally the family temple of the Kong family. There are cypress trees planted by Confucius himself in the temple. The main building is Dacheng hall. In front of the hall are the famous Jiulong column and apricot altar. Later, because Confucius was respected, many feudal emperors came here to worship him. Now, the annual "International Confucius Culture Festival" held by Jining Municipal government is also the prelude here.

Kong Lin is a special cemetery for Confucius' family. It is also the longest and largest family cemetery in the world, covering an area of more than 3000 mu. There are hundreds of trees and more than 100000 trees in the forest. Among the trees, there are many steles and stone statues, which are very spectacular!

Well, now we can start free activities for three hours. You can visit freely, play games, shop and so on. However, we must ensure hygiene and not litter.

This is the end of the visit to San Kong. Thank you for your support. I look forward to your coming again!

三孔导游词参考合集 5

在黄岩的城市中心有一座著名的孔庙，又称文庙、儒学。它是为了纪念孔子而建造的，从宋朝到现在己经有一千多年了。

跨进孔园，清新的空气扑鼻而来，门前的大樟树高高耸立，像一位笔挺的大将军。假山此起彼伏，秀气无比。首先映入我眼帘的是宽敞的大成殿，屋顶的边缘四角都向外翘起，红墙黄瓦，古色古香，非常雄伟。屋顶的最上方雕刻着两条相对遥望的龙，吐出了四个字：天开文运。在屋檐的上方雕刻着两头狮子，各自的爪子里紧紧地抓着球，正向你咆哮呢!两侧雕刻着美丽的凤凰，盘旋在一朵怒放的牡丹花上方。

我跨进殿堂里，只见一尊孔子的雕像安祥地坐着，好像正对我微笑。“万世师表”的横匾悬挂着，非常引人注目。令我惊讶的是在台阶的斜坡上，竟然也刻画着华丽的图案。两旁是两条蛟龙在汹涌的波涛里翻滚，水花四溅。中间的两条龙相互盘旋着，在云霄里穿梭着，各自回首遥望，正在腾云驾雾。大殿里所有的龙和狮子似乎都在腾飞、戏珠……真像活了一样，个个神龙摆尾，活灵活现，非常壮观。

穿过高大威武的大城门，有一块石碑立在那儿，是介绍孔庙的历史。最有意思的是那座小桥，小巧玲珑的，桥下的鲤鱼摇头摆尾，欢畅地游着。桂花害羞地绽开那小小的花瓣，散发出沁人心脾的香味，像清香四溢的小精灵呢!

孔庙表现了人们对孔子的热爱之情。黄岩孔庙被定为浙江省重点文物保护单位。