三孔导游词英语总结推荐

山东济宁曲阜的孔府、孔庙、孔林，统称曲阜“三孔”，是中国历代纪念孔子，推崇儒学的表征，以丰厚的文化积淀、悠久历史、宏大规模、丰富文物珍藏，以及科学艺术价值而著称。山东济宁曲阜是孔子的故乡。孔夫子生前在此开坛授学，首创儒家文化，为此后2000多年的中国历史深深地打上了儒学烙印。以孔子为代表的儒家文化，按照自己的理想塑造了整个中国的思想、政治和社会体系，成为整个中国文化的基石。1994年孔庙、孔林、孔府被联合国列入《世界遗产名录》。孔庙，公元前478年始建，后不断扩建，至今成为一处占地14公顷(1公顷=10000平方米)的古建筑群，包括三殿、一阁、一坛、三祠、两庑、两堂、两斋、十七亭与五十四门坊，气势宏伟、巨碑林立，堪称宫殿之城。孔府，建于宋代，是孔子嫡系子孙居住之地，西与孔庙毗邻，占地约16公顷，共有九进院落，有厅、堂、楼、轩463间，旧称“衍圣公府”。孔林，亦称“至圣林”，是孔子及其家族的专用墓地，也是世界上延续时间最长的家族墓地，林墙周长7千米，内有古树2万多株，是一处古老的人造园林。下面是小编收集整理的5篇有关山东三孔的导游词范文，欢迎借鉴参考。

三孔导游词英语总结推荐 1

你们好!我受旅游、接待部门的委托，对光临名城曲阜参观游览的各位佳宾表示热烈地欢迎。我有幸为大家导游陪同参观，非常高兴，这是咱们共同颀赏学习的好机会。看后请留下宝贵意见。

首先，向大家简要介绍一下曲阜的历史、文物概况。

历史文化名城曲阜是我国古代伟大的思想家、教育家、政治家、文献整理家、世之圣人孔子的家乡，亚圣孟子的故里，中华民族的始祖轩辕黄帝的诞生地，炎帝的首都，商殷故国，鲁国首都。三皇五帝有四位在这里生息劳作，有5000多年的历史。地下有丰富的宝藏，地上有众多的文物。现有文物112处，其中有联合国保护单位，世界文化遗产3处，全国保护的4处，省级12处，其他为地市级保护的。

重中之重有“三孔两庙一陵”、“三山二林一寺”。孔庙、孔府、孔林，俗称“三孔”，有祭祀中国元圣周公的庙宇，有祭祀孔子第一大弟子复圣颜回的庙，俗称“两庙”;“一陵”是黄帝诞生地--寿丘少昊陵;“三山”;孔子出生地尼山、汉墓群九龙山、小泰山--九仙山(又称九山)。二林是：世界教育孩子最好的母亲孟母林，孔子父母埋葬地梁公林;“一寺”是李白、杜甫作诗、答对、分手处，著名文人孔尚任隐居处国家园林“石门寺”。

我们现在看孔庙。

孔庙，又称至圣庙，是祭祀孔子及其夫人亓官氏和七十二贤人的地方。孔庙同北京的故宫、河北承德市避暑山庄并称中国的三大古建筑群。专家对孔庙讲了四名话：建筑时间最久远、最宏大、保存最完整、东方建筑特色最突出。从孔庙可看出两个问题：一是孔子对中国乃至东方文化的巨大贡献;二是中国在历史上就有能工巧匠。

孔庙始建于公元前478年，孔子去世的第二年建庙。在孔子故居建庙堂三间，陈列孔子的衣、车、书等，“岁时奉祀”。历代皇帝对孔庙都有扩建，计大修15次，中修31次，小修数百次达到现在的规模。孔庙仿皇宫建筑之制，分三路布局，九过院落，共有房屋466间，门亭54座，东西相对贯穿在一条中轴线上，有碑碣近千块，占地327.5亩，长达两华里又150公尺。现在看到的孔庙是明弘治年间的规模。解放后国家多次拨款维修保护。我国首批公布的全国重点文物保护单位，1994年12月列入世界文化遗产，成为联合国保护的文物单位，孔庙建筑时间之久远，规模之宏大，保存之完整实属世之罕见。

神道。“万仞宫墙”前古柏苍劲的这段路为“神道”。重要的庙宇前都有专开的尊敬灵通之道，称“神道”。

万仞宫墙。这道门是曲阜明城正南门，也是孔庙的第一道门，上悬“万仞宫墙”四个大字，系清乾隆皇帝的御笔。它来源于孔子得意弟子子贡。鲁国大会诸侯时，有人提出子贡的学问博大精深，可与孔子相提并论，子贡在场，马上站起来说，我可不敢与俺老师孔子比，人的学问好比一堵墙，我这道墙只有一仞之高，俺老师的墙有数仞之多。就是说，我的学问等于一肩膀头子高，一目了然没什么深奥的;孔子的学问有我数倍之多，经过详细的研究，全面的探讨，才能了解他的全部，入了门以后，才能看到宗庙之美，在门外头你是看不到的。后人为了形容孔子的学问高深，从夫子之墙数仞，到“百仞”、“千仞”到明代皇帝封孔子为“天下文官主，历代帝王师”，封孔子学问有“万仞”，赞颂孔子学问有一万个八尺，往上看，看不到顶，亦说此墙深壁高垒非常坚固。这四个字原为明钦差所写，乾隆为表示他对孔子的重视，亲书“万仞宫墙”换上了他的御笔。

金声玉振坊。此坊建于明代，为表达孔子学问精湛而完美，如同奏乐的全过程，自始至终完整无缺。古乐是以敲钟开始，钟起“始条理也”，是击磬告终，“玉振”为磬落的声音，称“终条理也”，赞扬孔子的学问是集先贤先圣之大成，所以称“金声而玉振也”，“金声”钟的声音，始，“玉振”磬的声音，终。这也是办事要“有始有终”成语的来源。“金声玉振”是明代大书法家胡缵宗题定的。

“二柏担一孔”。过玉振坊这个单孔的石拱桥，东西各有一棵古柏，所以人称“二柏担一孔”。这桥名曰：“泮水桥”与行宫旁泮水池的水相通，因之演义为“盼水”。过去读孔孟之书，考上高等学府叫“入盼”，做官的盼高升，做买卖盼发财，过日子盼兴旺。

下马碑。庙墙外东西各立一块石碑，公元1191年专立的下马碑，下轿碑。西边的碑早毁坏，东边这块碑上写“官员人等至此下马”。过去文武官员、庶民百姓从此路过下轿下马徒步而行，以示对孔子、孔庙的尊敬。

棂星门。明代所建，公元1754年重修，由木制改铁石的。“棂星门”系乾隆御笔。相传天上星系“有二十八宿”，其中，有个掌管文化的星叫“棂星”，又名“文曲星”、“天振星”，把孔子与天上管文化的星联系起来，说文化方面他是最高的，如过去祭天，要先祭“文曲星”，有尊孔如尊天的说法。

太和元气坊。这坊是明代公元1544年所建，极赞孔子的思想，主张如同“太空宇宙能哺育万物。天地之合，四方之合，阴阳之合”，称“太和”之气是最基本的东西，宇宙之太和，人间之元气。“太和元气”系山东巡抚曾铣手书。

至圣庙坊。明代所建“至圣庙坊”，是汉白玉的，上饰火焰宝珠。

德侔天地，道冠古今。这道院的东西对衬各建一处很奇特的牌坊，木制角棱环绕，千头万续，下有八个怪兽，叫“天龙神狮”，相传它威严灵感，可驱除邪恶，匡扶正义。东边牌坊上书：“德侔天地”，说孔子的思想主张给人类的好处如同天高地厚，功德能同天地相比。西边的牌坊上书“道冠古今”，赞孔子思想、办法古今都是盖世之冠。

圣时门。三门并列，四道台皆同上，中央盘龙。此门命名来源于孟子，对古代四位圣人伯夷、伊尹、柳下惠、孔子，孟子把四圣人的圣迹归纳为四句话：伯夷圣之清者也，伊尹圣之任者也，柳下惠圣之和者也，孔子圣之时者也。“圣时”极赞孔子思想主张经久不衰，是适合时代的圣人。皇帝来曲阜朝孔要行“三跪九叩大礼”，走圣时门;历代“衍圣公”出生时打开“圣时门”，除这两种情况外，此门不轻易开启。都走快覩门、仰高门。

快覩门，取先睹为快之意。就是说孔子的学问“五经四书”，谁先学谁先有文化，谁先学谁先有知识，争相学习，以先见到先读为快乐。

仰高门。根据颜回赞扬孔子的一段话命名的。颜回说，夫子之道，仰之弥高，钻之弥坚。赞孔子学问向上看不到顶，叫“弥高”，学起来文言文很难懂，叫“弥坚”，高不是高不可攀，经过努力是完全可以学到的。颜回说“夫子循循然，善诱人，博我以文，说我以礼。”俺老师循循善诱，教我以文化，施我以礼节。

汉石人。仰高门里亭子里有两位历史价值很高的汉石人，一位是“亭长”，(汉代地方小官)，一位府门之卒，都是鲁王墓前守卫的。石人被历代金石学家所重视，对研究汉代服装和文字有重要价值。

金水桥，这道桥，同故宫前的桥同名，称金水桥，又叫碧水桥，三孔排列，绿水荡漾。

弘道门。过金水桥是明代皇帝钦定的“弘道门”，取“论语”中“人能弘道，非道弘人”之意。孔子是个普通文人，为什么成为圣人?赞孔子总结了先贤先圣的经验，尤其弘扬了尧舜禹汤，文武周公之道。“人能弘道，说人能指挥创造一切，非道弘人，并不是一切指挥人，这是赞扬人的主观能动性。”弘道门下有两块石碑，东边的四棱碑是“曲阜历代沿革志”记载了曲阜沿革变迁的历史，元代所立，史料价值很高，西边的是“处士先生墓志”，具有很高的书法价值。

大中门。大中门是宋代孔庙的大门，称“中和门”，意为用孔子的思想处理问题都可迎刃而解。明代扩建庙改称“大中门”，赞孔子的学问是集人类知识之大成，中，取“中庸”之意，“中者天下之正道，庸者天下之定理”，中不偏，庸不易。离开中者，就不是正道，成了邪道、歪门。就是说不左不右，公平正道，向前为中庸。大中门东西两头有角楼两座是守卫孔庙用的。

同文门，四大名牌，孔庙图。进入大中门里左右有四块大碑。西边的明弘治碑，讲的纲常伦理。弘治碑右侧有明代才子湖南长沙李东阳绘制的“孔庙图”价值很高。

成化碑，是明代成化皇帝朱见深所立。有两个情况引起历代大家名人的注意。一是成化碑正楷字写的好、规范化、标准化，精湛引人，字体笔法有“著称于世”的评语;二是对孔子评价最高，历代皇帝对孔子都有评说，评价最高的是成化皇帝，他把孔子的思想、办法比作吃饭、穿衣、花钱，一天也离不开，有了孔子的道理和办法，就能人尽其才，物尽其用，地尽其力，不然就乱套啦。说有孔子之道则有天下，没孔子之道则无天下，反孔子之道则失天下。如碑文称：“朕唯孔子之道，天下一日不可无焉，有孔子之道则纲常正而伦理明，万物各得其所矣...，孔子之道之在天下如布帛粟菽，民生日用不可暂缺，...天生孔子纵之为圣，生之安行仁义中正，师道兴起，从游三千，往圣是继。”

同文门。取“人同心”字同文之意。是说同心协力，团结一致才能干好事业;文字要统一，有统一的文字才能记载历史传播经验，随意造字就会乱套。同文门是奎文阁前的重要屏障。

奎文阁，原为藏书楼，是收藏御赐书籍的地方。建于宋天禧二年(公元1018年)，金章宗重修时改为“奎文阁”。这座独特雄伟的建筑，完全是木质结构，在中国楼的建设上称孤例。经过几次地震，奎文阁没有震毁。清康熙5年地震“十间房子倒者有九，存者有一，奎文阁巍然不动”。明代吏部尚书李东阳专写了“奎文阁赋”，赞奎文阁的建筑研究价值。就是廊下东头这块碑。

楼阁前这东西两院称：“斋宿”，是祭祀人员斋戒、沐浴的地方。东院是衍圣公斋宿所，清康熙、乾隆祭孔时都在东斋宿盥洗。西院是从祭人员的斋宿。孔子七十一代孙孔昭薰将庙内宋、元、明、清五朝代拜孔庙碑130多块集中镶嵌在院墙上，故西斋宿又称碑院。

十三碑亭。这是孔庙的第六进院落，亭内立有55块碑，是唐、宋、金、元、明、清等朝代所立，其内容都是皇帝、钦差拜孔、对孔子的追谥、评价，历次修孔庙的记载，有汉、满、蒙、八思巴文等文字。南八北五，所以称十三碑亭，因为都是经皇帝批准立的碑，因此又叫御碑亭。东起前排第三、六两个亭子是金代所建，是我国现存不可多见的建筑。凡是用赑屭驮的碑都称“御碑”。“赑屭”是吉祥物，传说龙王有九子，它是第8子，它爱“文”，善于负重，石碑有文字而沉重适合其特点，形象应为龙头、龟身、鹰腿、蛇尾。

东起北边这第三个亭子是康熙皇帝立的碑。北京西山采的石头经大运河，经济南又运到这里。专家计算这幢碑13万斤重，从济宁沿途泼水冻了，在冰上滑过来的，有时一天只走卧牛之地。曲阜本有好石头不用，要从北京运来，以示皇帝对孔子的重视。这院东南、西南各有一片碑碣都是王公大臣们修庙、拜孔的记载，书法价值很高。

这个院东西对衬各有一门，东为“毓粹门”，西是“观德门”。俗称东华门、西华门。

孔庙由这里起分为三路布局，这一道五门，中为“大成门”，左边是“金声门”，右边是“玉振门”，再往西为“启圣门”，再往东为“承圣门”。大成门的建筑结构是“犬牙交错，勾心斗角”。中间插进为“勾心”，左右四角尖端相顶为“斗角”。大成门三字系雍正皇帝的御笔。赞孔子是集先圣先贤之大成，达到了至高无上的境界。

先师手植桧。大成门里左边这棵挺拔苍劲的桧树，是孔夫子手植的。据记载：孔子在这里裁过三棵桧树，金贞佑二年(公元1214年)毁于兵火，树枯而又发新枝，曾“三枯三荣”，有“桧树日茂孔氏日兴”的说法。明万历年间才子杨光训题写了“先师手植桧”五个大字。

两庑长廊。这两侧的对等两排房子，共80间，称“东西庑”，是供奉七十二贤人的地方。孔子号称弟子三千，身通六艺文武全才的七十二人，供奉在东西庑。历代帝王都有封的配享先贤。如董仲舒、韩愈、王明阳、诸葛亮、寇准、岳飞等等。到民国年间已封到156名。最后一位先贤是梁启超先生。原有塑像，牌位，后一律改为木制牌位。东西庑现在陈列的是收集的宋代以前的中贵石刻。周公训子、蝙蝠行医等，最为珍贵的国宝有汉魏朝碑刻22块，书法价值特高的“礼器碑”、“乙瑛碑”、“史晨碑”、张猛龙碑“、米芾碑”等都是罕见的珍品。西庑陈列了100多块“汉画石刻”，都是久负盛名的艺术珍品，是研究汉、魏等历史社会生活难得的珍贵资料。东庑北端陈列着584块石刻，是孔子六十九代孙孔继涑写的玉虹楼法贴。

杏坛。这是为纪念孔子讲学建的。孔子当初是在土台上大杏树下给弟子们讲学。宋代公元1018年，孔子45代孔道辅监修孔庙时，将正殿后移扩建，在正殿旧址建亭，环植以杏，名曰“杏坛”。杏坛二字，是金代著名文人党怀英篆书。亭内有乾隆皇帝御笔“杏坛赞”，这是他第一次来曲阜写的。乾隆题写的匾、对联、条幅等在曲阜有50多处。

大成殿。这是孔庙的主殿，它和北京的故宫太和殿、泰安岱庙天贶殿并称东方三大建筑，又称东方三大殿。价值高历史长的是大成殿。殿高24.8米，阔45.7米，深24.89米。四周环有28根用整个石头雕成的龙柱，工艺精湛，造诣很深。尤其殿前廊10株深浮雕的滚龙柱实为世之罕见，10棵柱子20条龙，上下对翔，升腾盘绕戏一颗珠子，神态各异，无一雷同，越看越有动意，跃然石上栩栩如生。这是徽州工匠的杰作。皇帝来曲阜朝孔时，孔家都用黄绫把龙柱裹起来，不让皇帝直接看到龙柱，因为超过了金銮殿，怕皇帝不高兴，加以责怪。其余18根柱是八棱的浅浮雕龙柱，一个棱面刻九条龙，每根柱子八个棱，72条龙共计雕刻1296条龙。这是罕见的石刻艺术瑰宝。总览大成殿雄伟壮观。

五圣十二先哲。大成殿内供奉着17尊像。

五大圣人。至圣孔子，意为圣人中的圣人，至高无上。孔夫子在中央，头戴十二旒之冕，身穿十二章王服，手持震圭，威严肃穆，使人肃然起敬。两侧为四配：东边是复圣颜子，述圣子思;西边是宗圣曾子，亚圣孟子。东头六位，西头六位，称十二先哲，有子贡、子路、冉求等11位孔子的弟子，有一位是宋朝朱熹，著名理学家，五经四书解释的好，被封为先哲。“生民未有”的匾，是孟子赞孔子，说“生民未有盛于孔子也”。有人类以来，还没有全面超过孔子的人，所以叫“生民未有”。“万世师表”是康熙题写，封孔子为“万世皇帝之师，千古人类之表，皇帝的老师，做人的表率。”“斯文在兹”是光绪写的，意为天下的文化都在这里。

寝殿。供奉孔子夫人亓官氏的专殿。是孔庙第三大建筑。亓官氏宋国人(河南商丘)，19岁嫁孔子，后生子孔鲤，贤妻良母，早孔子7年去世，被封“至圣先师夫人”，同孔子一样享受祭祀。寝殿周围28根石柱上雕凤凰，每条柱子刻凤凰72只，同龙的数量一样，叫龙凤呈祥。

圣迹殿。以石刻连环画的形式记载了孔子的事迹。有120块文图并茂的石刻，是孔子后代同明代巡抚御史何出光主持修建的。由吴郡著名画工章草绘画刻石，镶在殿内墙上。是我国第一部人、文兼有的完整的连环画。有很高的历史和艺术价值。殿正面“万世师表”为康熙御笔，正中孔子大司冠像是唐代大画家吴道子画的。殿东头是康熙朝孔的御碑，西头有晋代名画家顾恺之画的孔子行教像，习称“夫子小影”最接近孔子的面貌特征。还有宋代大家米芾的赞孔子的小篆：“孔子孔子大哉孔子，子以前既无孔子，孔子以后更无孔子，孔子孔子大哉孔子”。明确的说，孔子伟大啊!无与伦比，空前绝后!

孔庙西路是祭礼孔子父母的地方。其父叔梁纥，母颜征在，皇帝封为启圣王和启圣王夫人，建有启圣王殿、寝殿、金丝堂等建筑。

孔庙的东路，前后两部分，前院是孔子故宅，有“孔宅故井”，孔子九代孙孔鲋藏书的地方名“鲁壁”，现在看到的经书，立头功的应为“鲁壁”。为纪念孔子教育其子读书建了“诗礼堂”，孔子说“不学诗无以言，不字礼无以立”，意为不学诗不会讲话，不学礼不懂得如何立身事。诗礼堂内有著名雕刻家石可先生刻制的仿汉画石刻“圣迹图”。后院是崇圣祠、五代祠，祭祀孔子上五代祖先的祠堂。

各位先生，孔庙似历史的、知识的学堂，因时间有限，咱们只看了主要的，我是厄要介绍的。孔子是圣人，也是伟大的旅游家，周游列国14年，宣传他修身、齐家、治国平天下的学问，收集了宝贵的资料。有关圣人的遗迹很多，很值得一看。我们相处时间虽短，可友谊长存，盼望各位有机会再来曲阜观光，我们一定很好地服务。

孔庙就看到这里，谢谢大家的合作，欢迎您再来。

三孔导游词英语总结推荐 2

女士们!先生们!

大家好!我叫任一铭，是你们的导游。今天，由我来带领你们游览“三孔”：孔府·孔庙·孔林。

圣人孔子有句名言：“有朋自远方来，不亦乐乎”我有幸担任导游，十分高兴。我将尽力为大家服务，不足之处，请批评改正。

在参观三孔之前，请允许我介绍一下曲阜。曲阜地处鲁中小区和鲁西南平原的交界处。大诗人李白曾描写曲阜：“笑夸故人指绝境，山光水色青如兰”。现在我们参观孔庙。孔庙位于曲阜城中心，是古代人们为了几年圣人孔子生前的伟大思想宽阔的精神品质所建的一座韵味十足的建筑。前后九进院落，占地327.5亩，南北长达1公里;共有建筑466间，54座门坊;加之庙内1700余株古树，一个个直冲云天，听说当时谁敢砍倒一棵，就会以杀头处理。每一棵树，每一个门的名字都含有圣人孔子“仁”的思想。

孔府与孔庙毗邻,是圣人孔子嫡系长子长孙居住的府第,三路布局,九进院落,共有建筑463间,加上后花园,共占地240亩。孔府，也称“衍圣公府”。“衍圣”的意思是说“圣道”、“圣裔”能繁衍接续，

进入孔府大门，由此向后孔府分为三路，东路建有一贯堂、慕恩堂、孔氏家庙等;西路是孔府当年接待贵宾和读书习礼的地方，有红萼轩、忠恕堂、安怀堂、花厅等;中路是孔府的主体建筑，前半部为官衙，后半部为内宅。

孔林，是圣人孔子家庭的专用墓地，也是世界上延时最久、规模最大的家庭墓地。占地三千多亩。周围垣墙高3米，厚1.5米，长14.5华里。林内有各种树木10万多株，数百种植物。在万木掩映之中，碑石林立，石像成群，十分壮观。

现在自由活动3小时，可以自行游览“三孔”，也可以进行游戏、野餐等活动，但必须保证卫生。

参观“三孔”到此结束了，

三孔导游词英语总结推荐 3

Dear guests

Hello! Entrusted by the tourism and reception departments, I would like to extend a warm welcome to all the guests visiting Qufu, a famous city. I am very glad to be accompanied by a tour guide. This is a good opportunity for us to enjoy and study together. Please leave your valuable comments after reading.

First of all, I would like to briefly introduce the history and cultural relics of Qufu.

Qufu, a famous historical and cultural city, is the hometown of Confucius, a great thinker, educator, politician, literature arranger and sage of the world in ancient China, the hometown of Mencius, the birthplace of Xuanyuan Yellow Emperor, the ancestor of the Chinese nation, the capital of Yan Emperor, the hometown of Shang and Yin, and the capital of Lu. Four of the three emperors and five emperors lived and worked here for more than 5000 years. There are abundant treasures underground and numerous cultural relics on the ground. At present, there are 112 cultural relics, including UN protected units, 3 World Cultural Heritage sites, 4 national protected sites, 12 provincial protected sites, and others protected at prefecture level.

The most important ones are "three Confucius, two temples and one mausoleum", "three mountains, two forests and one temple". Confucius Temple, Confucius Mansion and Confucius forest are commonly known as "three Confucius". There are temples dedicated to Zhou Gong, the sage of the Yuan Dynasty in China, and temples dedicated to Fusheng Yanhui, the first disciple of Confucius, which are commonly known as "two temples"; Yiling is SHAOHAO mausoleum in Shouqiu, the birthplace of Yellow Emperor; Sanshan; and Jiuxian mountain (also known as Jiushan), the birthplace of Confucius. The second forest is: mengmulin, the best mother to educate children in the world, lianggonglin, the burial place of Confucius' parents; "Yisi" is the place where Li Bai and Du Fu wrote poems, answered correctly and parted. The famous scholar Kong Shangren lived in seclusion in Shimen temple, the national garden.

ow let's look at the Confucius Temple.

Confucius Temple, also known as Zhisheng temple, is a place for offering sacrifices to Confucius and his wife Qi Guan and 72 sages. Together with the Forbidden City in Beijing and Chengde summer resort in Hebei, Confucius Temple is known as China's three major ancient architectural complexes. Experts said four words to Confucius Temple: the oldest, the most grand, the most complete preservation, and the most prominent Oriental architectural features. Two problems can be seen from the Confucius Temple: one is the great contribution of Confucius to China and even the oriental culture; the other is that China has craftsmen in history.

Confucius Temple was built in 478 BC, the year after Confucius died. In the former residence of Confucius, three temples were built to display Confucius' clothes, cars, books and so on. The Confucius Temple was expanded by emperors of all dynasties, including 15 major repairs, 31 medium repairs and hundreds of minor repairs, reaching the present scale. The Confucius Temple imitates the imperial palace. It is divided into three layout, nine courtyards. It has 466 houses and 54 gates and pavilions. It runs through a central axis from east to west. There are nearly one thousand steles, covering an area of 327.5 mu, which is two Li and 150 meters long. The Confucius Temple we see now is the scale of the Hongzhi period of the Ming Dynasty. After liberation, the state allocated funds for maintenance and protection for many times. The first batch of national key cultural relic protection units announced by China were listed as world cultural heritage in December 1994, and became cultural relic units protected by the United Nations. Confucius Temple has been built for a long time, has a large scale, and is completely preserved, which is rare in the world.

hinto. "Wanren palace wall" before the ancient cypress vigorous this section of the road is "Shinto". In front of important temples, there is a special way of respecting and understanding, which is called "Shinto".

Wanren palace wall. This gate is the South Gate of Ming City in Qufu, and it is also the first gate of Confucius Temple. It is hung with the four characters of "Wanren palace wall", which was written by Emperor Qianlong of Qing Dynasty. It comes from Zi Gong, the proud disciple of Confucius. At the meeting of the state of Lu, it was proposed that Zigong's knowledge was broad and profound, which could be compared with Confucius. Zigong stood up immediately and said, I dare not compare with my teacher Confucius. Human knowledge is like a wall. My wall is only one Ren high, and my teacher's wall is several Ren high. That is to say, my knowledge is equal to a shoulder high, clear at a glance, nothing profound; Confucius' knowledge is several times as much as mine, after detailed research, comprehensive discussion, we can understand all of him, after entering the door, we can see the beauty of the temple, you can't see it outside the door. In order to describe Confucius' profound knowledge, later generations changed from the master's wall to "hundred Ren" and "thousand Ren" to the emperor of Ming Dynasty who granted Confucius the title of "civil servant in the world, imperial teacher of all dynasties", and praised Confucius' knowledge as "ten thousand Ren". Looking up, we can't see the top. It also said that the wall was very solid. These four words were originally written by the imperial envoy of Ming Dynasty. In order to show that he attached great importance to Confucius, Qianlong replaced his imperial pen with his personal letter "Wanren palace wall".

Jin Sheng Yu Zhen Fang. This workshop was built in Ming Dynasty to express Confucius' exquisite and perfect knowledge, just like the whole process of playing music, which is complete from beginning to end. Ancient music begins with the ringing of a bell, which starts with the sound of "the beginning of order" and ends with the striking of a chime. The sound of "jade vibration" is the sound of the falling of the chime, which is called "the end of order". Praising Confucius' knowledge is a great achievement of the sages and sages, so it is called "the sound of gold and the sound of jade vibration". The sound of "golden sound" is the sound of the bell, which starts with the sound of "jade vibration" and ends with the sound of the chime. This is also the source of the idiom "start and finish". "Jin Sheng Yu Zhen" was written by Hu zuanzong, a great calligrapher in Ming Dynasty.

quot;Two cypresses bear one hole". There is an ancient cypress in the East and west of the single hole stone arch bridge passing yuzhenfang, so it is called "two cypresses bear one hole". This bridge is called "Panshui bridge", which is connected with the water in the pan pool beside the palace, so it is called "pan water". In the past, when I read the book of Confucius and Mencius, I was admitted to higher education, which is called "entering hope". Officials hope to be promoted, do business, hope to get rich, and live a prosperous life.

Dismount monument. Outside the temple wall, there are two stone tablets, the Xiama tablet and Xiajiao tablet, which were set up in 1191 ad. The stele in the West had been destroyed, and the stele in the East said, "officials and people wait to get off here.". In the past, civil and military officials and common people passed by, dismounted and walked on foot to show respect for Confucius and Confucius Temple.

Lattice star gate. It was built in the Ming Dynasty and rebuilt in 1754 ad. it was made of wood instead of iron and stone. "Lingxingmen" was written by Emperor Qianlong. It is said that there are twenty-eight constellations in the sky. Among them, there is a star in charge of culture called "Lingxing", also known as "Wenqu star" and "tianzhenxing". It connects Confucius with the star in charge of culture in the sky and says that he is the highest in culture. For example, in the past, when worshiping heaven, we should first worship "Wenqu star". There is a saying that respecting Confucius is like respecting heaven.

Taihe Yuanqi square. This workshop was built in 1544 A.D. in the Ming Dynasty. It highly praises Confucius's idea that "the space universe can nurture all things.". "The harmony of heaven and earth, the harmony of the four sides, the harmony of yin and Yang" is the most basic thing, the harmony of the universe and the vitality of the human world. "Taihe Yuanqi" is written by Zeng Mian, governor of Shandong Province.

The most holy temple. The "Zhisheng Temple Square" built in the Ming Dynasty is made of white marble, decorated with flame jewels.

The world of moral Mou, the road crown ancient and modern. The East and west of the Taoist temple are lined with a very strange memorial archway. Surrounded by wooden corner edges, there are a thousand heads and ten thousand continuations. There are eight monsters under it, which are called "Heaven dragon and God lion". It is said that it is dignified and inspired, which can drive away evil and uphold justice. In the eastern memorial archway, it was written: "demou heaven and earth", saying that the benefits of Confucius' ideas to human beings are as high as heaven and earth, and the merits and virtues can be compared with heaven and earth. The memorial archway in the West reads "Daoguan ancient and modern", praising Confucius' thoughts and methods, which are the highest in the world.

Holy time gate. The three gates are parallel, the four platforms are the same as above, and the central Panlong. The name of this gate comes from Mencius. For the four ancient sages, Boyi, Yiyin, liuxiahui and Confucius, Mencius summed up the Four Saints' holy deeds into four sentences: Boyi is the sage of the Qing Dynasty, Yiyin is the sage of the appointed, liuxiahui is the sage of the sum, and Confucius is the sage of the time. "Shengshi" highly praises Confucius' thought, advocates enduring, and is a sage suitable for the times. When the emperor came to Qufu to court Confucius, he had to kneel down three times and knock nine times, and walk through the gate of holy time. When Yan Shenggong was born, he opened the gate of holy time. All go fast, the gate is high.

Let's have a quick look at the gate. That is to say, Confucius' knowledge of "Five Classics and four books" means that those who learn first have culture first, and those who learn first have knowledge first. They compete to learn, and it is a pleasure to see first and read first.

Look up at the door. It was named after Yan Hui's praise of Confucius. Yan Hui said that the teacher's way is to raise the top and drill the bottom. Praise Confucius for his lack of knowledge, which is called "Mi Gao". It is difficult to understand classical Chinese, which is called "Mi Jian". Gao is not unattainable, but can be learned through hard work. Yan Hui said, "the master followed the rules and was good at attracting people. He learned from me in writing and said that I was polite." My teacher is good at persuasion, teaching me culture and courtesy.

Han stone man. In the pavilion of yanggaomenli, there are two Han stone people with high historical value. One is the "Pavilion leader" (a local official of Han Dynasty), and the other is the pawn of the palace gate. They are all guards in front of the tomb of the king of Lu. The stone man is valued by the ancient scholars of epigraphy, which is of great value to the study of Han Dynasty clothing and writing.

Jinshui bridge, this bridge, with the same name as the bridge in front of the Forbidden City, is also called Jinshui bridge, also known as Bishui bridge, with three holes arranged in a row and green water rippling.

Hongdaomen. Crossing jinshuiqiao is the "hongdaomen" appointed by the emperor of Ming Dynasty, which means "people can promote Taoism, not Taoism" in the Analects of Confucius. Confucius is an ordinary literati, why become a saint? Praise Confucius summed up the experience of sages, especially carry forward the Yao, Shun, Yu Tang, civil and military Zhou Gong's way. "To say that people can command and create everything is to praise people's subjective initiative." There are two stone tablets under the Hongdao gate. The four edged stone tablet in the East is the "history of Qufu", which records the history of Qufu's evolution. It was established in the Yuan Dynasty and has high historical value. In the west is the "epitaph of Mr. Chushi", which has high calligraphy value.

ig middle gate. Dazhongmen is the gate of Confucius Temple in Song Dynasty. It is called "Zhonghe gate", which means that problems can be solved easily with Confucius' thoughts. In the Ming Dynasty, the temple was renamed as "the great gate of the middle", praising Confucius' knowledge as a collection of human knowledge. In the middle, it means "the right way of the world in the middle, the theorem of the world in the middle". Those who leave the middle are not the right way, but the evil way. That is to say, no left, no right, fair and just, forward is the mean. There are two turrets at the East and West ends of Dazhong gate, which are used to guard the Confucius Temple.

Tongwenmen, four famous brands, Confucian temple. There are four monuments in the middle gate. The tablet of Hongzhi in the west of the Ming Dynasty talks about the ethics of the cardinal principles. On the right side of the Hongzhi monument is the "Confucian temple map" drawn by Li Dongyang, a talented man of the Ming Dynasty in Changsha, Hunan Province, which is of high value.

Chenghua stele was erected by Zhu Jianshen, the emperor of Chenghua in Ming Dynasty. There are two situations that have attracted the attention of celebrities of all ages. First, Chenghua tablet's regular ｓｃｒｉｐｔ is well written, standardized, exquisite and attractive; The second is the highest evaluation of Confucius. Emperors of all dynasties have commented on Confucius. The highest evaluation is emperor Chenghua. He compares Confucius' ideas and methods to eating, dressing and spending money. One day is inseparable from them. With Confucius' principles and methods, one can make the best use of one's talents, materials and land. Otherwise, it will be a mess. It is said that if there is Confucius' way, there will be a world. If there is no Confucius' way, there will be no world. If there is anti Confucius' way, there will be no world. Such as the inscription said: "I only have Confucius's way, the world can not be without Yan, there is Confucius's way, then the principle of justice and ethics, everything has its own place..., Confucius's way in the world, such as cloth Su Shu, people's livelihood daily use can not be short of,... Born Confucius vertical for the holy, life's safety, benevolence and righteousness in the right, the rise of the teacher's way, from travel 3000, to the holy is the next."

Tongwenmen. The meaning of the word "human heart" is the same as that of the text. That is to say, only with concerted efforts and unity can we do a good job; the writing should be unified, only with unified writing can we record the experience of historical communication, and random writing will lead to confusion. Tongwen gate is an important barrier in front of Kuiwen Pavilion.

Kuiwen Pavilion, originally a library, is a place for collecting books granted by the emperor. It was built in the second year of emperor Tianxi of Song Dynasty (A.D. 1018), and was changed into "kui" when Jin Zhangzong rebuilt it. This unique and majestic building is entirely of wood structure, which is an isolated example in the construction of China building. After several earthquakes, kui was not destroyed. In the earthquake of Kangxi 5 years in Qing Dynasty, "nine out of ten houses fell, one out of ten remained, and kui remained motionless.". Li Dongyang, the Minister of the Ministry of official in Ming Dynasty, wrote "kui Fu", praising the architectural research value of kui. It's the stele at the east end of the corridor.

In front of the pavilion, the eastern and Western courtyards are called "zhaisu", which is a place for worshippers to fast and bathe. Dongyuan is the residence of Yan Shenggong, where Kangxi and Qianlong spent their time to wash. The West courtyard is the shelter of the sacrificial staff. Kong zhaoxun, the seventy-one generation grandson of Confucius, inlaid more than 130 steles in the temple for worshiping Confucius in the song, yuan, Ming and Qing Dynasties on the wall of the courtyard, so xizhaisu is also known as the stele courtyard.

Thirteen stele pavilions. This is the sixth courtyard of the Confucius Temple. There are 55 steles in the pavilion, which were erected in Tang, song, Jin, yuan, Ming and Qing Dynasties. The contents of the steles are the emperors, Imperial Envoys' worship of Confucius, the posthumous title and evaluation of Confucius. The records of the previous construction of the Confucius Temple are written in Han, Manchu, Mongolian and basiba languages. Eight in the South and five in the north, so it is called thirteen stele pavilions. Because they are all steles approved by the emperor, they are also called imperial stele pavilions. The third and sixth pavilions in the front row from the East were built in the Jin Dynasty and are rare buildings in China. All the steles are called "imperial steles". "Mian" is the mascot. It is said that the Dragon King has nine sons, and it is the eighth son. It loves "Wen" and is good at carrying heavy loads. The stone tablet has heavy characters, which is suitable for its characteristics. The image should be the dragon head, turtle body, Eagle leg and snake tail.

From the east to the north, the third Pavilion is a monument erected by Emperor Kangxi. Beijing Xishan stone by the Grand Canal, economic South and transported here. Experts calculate that the monument weighs 130000 Jin. It was splashed with water and frozen along the way from Jining. Sometimes it came over on the ice and only went to the land of lying cattle one day. Qufu originally had good stones, which should be transported from Beijing to show the emperor's attention to Confucius. There are two steles in the southeast and southwest of the courtyard, all of which are the records of the princes and ministers who built temples and worshipped Confucius. The calligraphy value is very high.

There is one gate in the East and one in the west, Yucui gate in the East and Guande gate in the West. Commonly known as Donghuamen, xihuamen.

From here, the Confucius Temple is divided into three routes. The five gates are Dacheng gate, Jinsheng gate on the left, Yuzhen gate on the right, Qisheng gate on the West and Chengsheng gate on the East. The architectural structure of dachengmen is "intertwined, intriguing". The center is inserted as "hook center", and the top of the left and right four corners is "bucket angle". The three characters of dachengmen were written by Emperor Yongzheng. Praise Confucius is a collection of sages and sages, reached the supreme realm.

The first teacher planted juniper by hand. The tall and vigorous cypress tree on the left of Dacheng gate was planted by Confucius. According to records: Confucius cut three cypress trees here. In the second year of Jin Zhenyou (A.D. 1214), they were destroyed by fire. The trees withered and sprouted new branches. There were "three withers and three glories", and there was a saying that "cypress trees were flourishing every day.". During the Wanli period of the Ming Dynasty, Yang Guangxun, a gifted scholar, wrote five characters: "the first teacher planted cypress by hand.".

Two long corridors. On both sides of the two equal rows of houses, a total of 80, known as the "East and West veranda", is dedicated to 72 sages. Confucius is known as a disciple of three thousand, 72 people who are proficient in six arts, literature and martial arts, worshipped in the East and West. All the emperors of the past dynasties were entitled to the sages. Such as Dong Zhongshu, Han Yu, Wang Mingyang, Zhuge Liang, Kou Zhun, Yue Fei and so on. By the time of the Republic of China, there were 156. The last sage is Mr. Liang Qichao. The original statues and tablets were changed to wooden tablets. Dongxiwu now displays a collection of Zhonggui stone carvings before the Song Dynasty. The most precious national treasures of Zhou gongxunzi and bat practicing medicine are 22 stone inscriptions of Han and Wei dynasties. The "ritual stele", "Yiying stele", "Shichen stele", "Zhang Menglong stele" and "Mi Fu stele" with extremely high calligraphy value are rare treasures. There are more than 100 pieces of "Han Dynasty stone carvings" on display in Xiwu. They are all well-known art treasures and precious materials for the study of Han, Wei and other historical and social life. There are 584 stone inscriptions on display at the north end of the East veranda, which are the yuhonglou sutras written by Kong Jisu, the 69 generation grandson of Confucius.

Apricot altar. It was built in memory of Confucius' lecture. Confucius was teaching to his disciples on the platform under the big apricot tree. In 1018 A.D. of Song Dynasty, Confucius had 45 generations

三孔导游词英语总结推荐 4

天贶殿后面是后寝三宫，中为正寝宫，面阔五间，两边为配寝宫，各三间，宋真宗大中祥符五年(公元1012年)诏封泰山神为“天齐仁圣帝”后，考虑到还缺个皇后，便于同年封了一个“淑明后”，并为“她”修建了后宫，从“嫔妃”则居住配寝宫。封建统治者为了达到“借神安民”的目的，真可谓“用心良苦，处心积虑了”。

天贶殿两侧为东西碑廊，各种碑碣汉画像石琳琅满目，泰山历代碑刻精品大都集中在这里。这些碑刻几乎集中国书法之大成，上追晋代“二王”，下承宋朝“四大家”，真草隶篆，体例俱全;颜柳欧赵，风格各异，其中有七大汉碑的《衡方碑》、《张迁碑》;晋代三大丰碑之一的《孙夫人碑》;造形新颖，书法相异的《双束碑》;泰山佛教记事名碑《大唐齐州神宝寺碑》等共19块，均具有很高的历史文物价值和书法艺术价值。

西侧廊内陈列的48块汉画像石是自1960年以来，几次清理大汶口和旧县东的汉画像石墓而集。这些汉画像石，内容丰富，取材广泛，有的反映车马出行、乐舞百戏等社会生活;有的描述神话故事;也有反映历史人物的，画面图案工整，造型生动，在雕刻技法上，把中国传统的画技同线刻、浮雕揉合一体，体现出古拙质朴、雄健壮美的特点，是研究中国古代文化艺术和东汉社会生活的重要实物资料。

出碑廊，过炳灵门，是“汉柏院”。院内原有“炳灵殿”，毁于民国年间。院中五棵高大的古柏，枝桠交错，若虬龙蟠旋，相传为汉武帝于元封元年(公元前110年)封禅泰山时所植，距今已有两千多年，“汉柏院”由此得名。

院北的“汉碑亭”是1959年在炳灵殿故址上修建的，亭子建立在三层石砌的高大台基上，十分壮观。台基壁上镶嵌乾隆五十九年(公元1749年)泰安知县何人鳞所书杜甫的《望?gt;>和《秋兴》等名人诗刻。登上亭子极目四望，天光云影，心宽臆阔，岱庙全景，泰城全貌尽收眼底。

汉柏院内碑碣林立，约计90余块。其中有后人隶书的东汉张衡的《四愁诗》、曹植的《飞友篇》，有后人篆书陆机的《泰山吟》、谢灵运的《泰山吟》以及宋朝大书法家米芾《第一山》、明崇祯年间陈昌言、左佩铉题篆的《汉柏图赞》、乾隆皇帝御制的《汉柏图》和当代众多名人留下的墨迹。置身于碑林之中就象读了一部中国的历史，接受民族的熏陶，，会给每一个严肃的观赏都留下不尽的思索。

由汉柏院向北行，穿过幽静的小花园进入一个小巧玲珑的四合院。这里是古帝王祭祀泰山时居住的地方，因座落在东华门内，故称“东御座”。其建筑为元至正七年(公元1347年)所建，明代称迎宾堂，乾隆三十五年(公元1770年)改称驻跸亭。东御座由长城花门、仪门、大门、正殿和厢房组成，院内建筑精美，绿树掩映，清静幽雅，给人以超世绝尘之感。五间正殿高筑台基之上，殿内按清宫设置作复原陈列，有乾隆帝腊人座像，有龙墩、龙椅、立柜、方桌等紫檀家具及各种大理石花纹饰和金丝锈古器型的挂屏以及文房四宝。著名的“温凉玉雕花圭”、“沉香狮子”和“黄地兰花瓷葫芦”是乾隆二十七年、三十六年朝拜泰山时的供品，并称泰山“镇山三宝”。大门和殿堂里身着清代古装的“卫士”、“宫女”以清庭礼仪迎接游客，使游人仿佛回到远古的时代，浮想联翩。

殿堂台基下立一石碑，用玻璃护罩，这就是驰名中外的“名山刻石之祖”秦刻石。《泰山秦刻石》镌刻秦始皇功德铭和秦二世诏书，为丞相李斯书写。他以简练秀雅的小篆代替了当时笔画繁赘的大篆，字迹刚劲挺拔，一扫众家肥呆之气，碑文共222字，后渐泯灭，明嘉靖年间还尚存29字，原立在岱顶玉女池旁，后经沧桑沉沦，几次失而复得，今唯剩10个残字，完整者七。堪称稀世之宝，被列为国家一级文物。

出寝宫向北，为岱庙的最后一进院落。东西两座花园内各种盆景千姿百态，艺术地再现了泰山的一景一物，奇花异草。西南方西台上的铁塔铸于明嘉靖十二年(公元1533年)，原为13级，现仅存3级，造型质朴，仍不失当年风采，与铁塔对峙的东南方台基上的铜亭，又称“金阙”，为全铜铸造，仿木结构，高4.4米，阔3.4，明万历四十三年(公元1615年)铸于岱顶碧霞祠，为供奉碧霞元君而建。明末清初移于山下灵应宫，1972年迁入岱庙，是目前国内仅存的三大铜亭之一。

“厚载门”是岱庙的最后一道门，是1984年重建的。门上有“望岳阁”三间，黄瓦明廊，红柱隔扇，犹如空中琼阁。站在阁上仰望岱岳雄姿，青山绕白云，绿树生轻烟，天门云梯宛若游龙浮挂天边。

出厚载门北行为红门路，过岱宗大街不远即到登山之起点，泰山的山门——岱宗坊，由此起步，将步步登高，饱览泰山的最佳风景，直至登“天”。

三孔导游词英语总结推荐 5

孔林，是孔子及其家庭的专用墓地，也是世界上延时最久、规模最大的家庭墓地，位于曲阜城北泗水之上，占地三千余亩，周围垣墙高3米，厚1.5米，长 14.5华里。在这里既可考春秋之葬，证秦汉之墓，又可研究我国历代政治、经济、文化的发展和丧葬风俗的演变历史。 孔林也是目前我国最大的人造园林。相传孔子死后，“弟子各以四方奇木来植，故多异树”。林内有各种树木10万多株，数百种植物。在万木掩映之中，碑石林 立，石像成群，除一批著名的汉碑移入孔庙保护外，林内尚有唐、宋、金、元、明、清各代石碑3600多块，又称得上名副其实的碑林。 过去墓地的“风 水”，被孔子的后代视作“命根子”。例如，清光绪三十年(1904年)，勘测津浦铁路时，原计划经过曲阜，离孔林西墙很近。当时的衍圣公孔令贻得此消息十分着急，向朝廷连递几件呈文，说铁路将“震动圣墓”，“破坏圣脉”，使祖宗灵魂不得安宁。结果铁路到曲阜拐了个大弯，向西南绕行。如果没有这档子事，现在人们坐火车到曲阜游览，就不用先到兖州下车，然后改乘汽车了。

大门 孔林大门始建于明代，清代重修。进入孔林大门是一条长约1华里的甬道，迎面高大的门楼叫“观楼”，俗称“二林门”。此门原是古鲁国城北门。大门到二门这一段，是孔林前突出的部分，类似古代城市建筑的月城。

孔尚任墓 位于孔林东北隅，墓碑上书“奉直大夫户部广东清吏司员外郎东塘先生之墓”，即是孔尚任墓。孔尚任(1648--1718年)，字聘之，号东塘，自称云亭山人，是孔子第六十四代孙，我国清初著名剧作家，其代表作是。他出生书香门弟，因屡试不第，中年隐居曲阜石门山。康熙二十三年(1684年)，康熙皇帝来曲阜祭孔时，他被孔府推荐为引驾官，并给皇帝讲经，深得褒奖，破格提升为国子监博士。赴京任职期间曾到淮杨一带治 河，通过吊古迹，访隐士，搜集野史逸闻，对南明王朝的覆灭经过有了深切的感受。回京后曾任户部主事，员外郎等职。公余致力于戏曲创作。1699年，昆曲名剧传奇脱稿。王公显贵争相传抄，戏班竞相演唱，一时轰动京城。该剧以名士候方域与名妓李香君的爱情故事为主线，广泛而深刻地反映了南明王朝灭亡的历史。次年孔尚任却被罢官回乡，死后葬于此。他一生著述甚丰，另有诗文、 、等。

于氏坊 位于孔林北侧，是孔子七十二代孙、衍圣公孔宪培与其妻于氏之墓。于氏原是清乾隆皇帝的女儿，那么为什么改姓于又嫁到孔府的呢?这里还有段小故事。据说乾隆的女儿脸上有块黑痣，相术说，这块痣主灾，破灾的唯一办法是将她嫁给一个有福的人。朝里大臣们议论，天下只有孔圣人的后代最有福。但是当时是满族统治，按规定满汉不能通婚。于是有人给皇帝出主意将女儿认汉族大臣、户部尚书于敏忠为义父，这样以于家的名义嫁到孔府。于氏死后，孔府为其立了这座“鸾音褒德”牌坊。

洙水桥 孔林二门内有一条东西横穿的小河，名曰：“洙水河”，因流经孔子墓前，与“圣脉”攸关，故被后世誉为“灵源无穷，宜与天地共长久”的“圣水”。洙水本是古 代的一条河流，与泗水并称为“洙泗”，后来成为孟子发祥地的代称。古洙水早已湮没。河上有桥三座，左右皆为平桥，中间的一座拱桥在孔子墓前，名曰：“洙水桥”。

孔子墓甬道 洙水桥北迎面绿瓦三楹的高台大门，叫“档墓门”。过此门即是孔子墓甬道。甬道有四对巨型石雕，名曰：华表、文豹、角端、翁仲。华表又称“望柱”，是进“天 门”的标志。文豹形象似豹，腋下喷火，温顺善良。角端传说日行一万八千里，通四方语言，明外方幽远之事。文豹、角端都是想象中的怪兽。翁仲，传说为秦代骁将，威震边塞，后为对称，雕文、武两像，用以守墓。甬道尽头大殿是祭祀孔子设香坛的享殿。解放战争时，朱德总司令曾在此召开过军事会议，所以又成为革命历史文物。

孔子墓 享殿之后红色的墙院内就是孔子及其儿、孙三代的墓地。孔子墓似一隆起的马背，称“马鬣封”，是一种特殊尊贵的筑墓形式。墓前石碑篆刻“大成至圣文宣王墓” 是明正统八年(1443年)黄养正书。孔子于公元前479年去世，当时鲁国国君称他为“尼父”。这是有别于封号的最尊贵的称号。孔子有封号始于公元元年，汉平帝追封孔子为公爵，称“褒成宣尼公”。此后帝王纷纷给孔子封号，至唐开元二十七年(739年)唐玄宗李隆基给孔子谥号“文宣”，始称“文宣王”。到元 武帝于大德十一年(1007年)加封为“大成至圣文宣王”后又称“至圣先师”、“大成至圣先师”等等。历代王朝都为孔子的封号选择了最高的赞誉之词，可见孔子思想学说，对历代统治是何等重要。

孔子墓东为其子孔鲤墓，南为其孙孔伋墓。这种墓葬布局为“携子抱孙”以示人衍兴旺。

孔鲤墓 孔子的儿子孔鲤，一生无大作为，年50岁先孔子去世。但因系“圣人”之 子，故被宋徽宗封为“泗水侯”。 子贡庐墓处 孔子墓西三间房屋为子贡庐墓处。子贡，复姓端木，名赐，字子贡，是孔子得意门生之一，也是孔子弟子中善于经商的学生。孔子死后，众弟子为孔子守墓三年，相诀而去，独子贡在此又守三年。后人为纪念此事，建屋三间，立碑一座，题为“子贡庐墓处”。