八年级上册英语语法知识点范文大全
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八年级上册英语语法知识点范文大全 1
一.一般现在时
1. 结构
肯定句式: 主语+动词原形/动词的第三人称单数+其他
否定句式: 主语+(助动词) don't/doesn't +动词原形+其他
一般疑问句式: Do/Does+主语+动词原形+其他
简略回答: (肯)Yes,主语+do/does (否)No,主语+do/does not
缩写形式: don't = do not doesn't = does not
例句：He often goes swimming in summer.
I usually leave home for school at 7 every morning.
2.用法
1)表示经常的、习惯性的动作或存在的状态，常与表示频度的副词连用。
常用的频度副词有： always、often、 usually、seldom、never、sometimes, every week (day, year, month…), once a week, on Sundays.频度副词在句中通常放在行为动词之前，系动词、助动词之后。
例如: He often goes swimming in summer.
I usually leave home for school at 7 every morning.
2)表示主语具备的性格、特征和能力等。
例如：All my family love football . My sister is always ready to help others .
Ann writes good English but does not speak well.
3)表示客观真理、客观存在、自然现象。
例如：The earth moves around the sun.
Shanghai lies in the east of China.
4)表示按计划或安排好的，或将要发生的动作，可用一般现在时表将来。
但只限于start,begin,leave,go,come,arrive,return,take place等。
例如：The train leaves at six tomorrow morning.
He comes back tonight.
5)在复合句中，当主句是一般将来时，时间或条件状语从句的谓语动词只能用一般现在时来表示将来要发生的动作。
例如： I'll tell him the news when he comes back.
If you take the job , they will talk with you in greater details.
二.一般过去时态
1. 结构
肯定句式: 主语+动词过去式+其他
否定句式: 主语+(助动词)didn’t +动词原形+其他
一般疑问句式: Did+主语+动词原形+其他
简略回答: (肯)Yes,主语+did (否)No,主语+did not
基本结构
否定句
一般疑问句
Be动词
was/were+not
was/were提前，放于句首
行为动词
didn’t+do(动词原形)
Did+主语+do(动词原形)
2.用法
1)表示过去某一时刻或某一段时间里所发生的动作或情况。常和表示过去的时间状语yesterday, just now, the other day, in 1982, ago, an hour ago, long long ago, the day before yesterday, last week(year, night, month…), at the age of 5, one day, once upon a time等连用
例如：Where did you go just now?
After a few years, she started to play the piano.
2)表示在过去，经常或反复发生的动作。常与often,always等表示频度的副词连用。
例如：When I was a child, I often played football in the street.
我是个孩子的时候，常在马路上踢足球。
3)一般过去式也可与today,this week,this month,this year等表现在的时间状语连用，但这些时间状语须指过去的时间，决不包含“现在”“此时此刻”的意思。
例如：Did you see him today?今天你看见他了吗?
三.一般将来时
1. 结构
结构1：
肯定句式：主语+助动词will+动词原形+其他
否定句式：主语+助动词will+动词原形+not+其他
一般疑问句式：助动词Will+主语+动词原形+其他
简单回答：在口语中，will在名词或代词后常缩为’ll，wii not常简缩为won’t。
在疑问句中，主语为第一人称时(I和we)时，常用助动词shall。
例如：She’ll go to play basketball.
Shall we go to the zoo?
结构2：
肯定句式：主语+be going to +动词原形+其他
否定句式：主语+be not going to +动词原形+其他
一般疑问句式：Be+主语+going to+动词原形+其他
简略回答：(肯)Yes,主语+be (否)No,主语+be not
2.用法
1)表示将来某个时间要发生的动作或存在的状态，常与tomorrow, next day(week, month, year…), soon, in a few minutes, by…, the day after tomorrow等连用。
例如：I'll meet you at the school gate tomorrow morning.
2)、表示说话人对于将来的看法、假设和推测，通常用于be afraid, be/feel sure, hope, know, think等后面的从句或与副词perhaps,possibly,maybe等连用。
例如：I think she’ll go back home for supper.
Maybe she’ll go to the gym.
将来时其他表示法
1)be going to表示将来
表示说话人的打算、计划、安排或根据迹象判断必然或很可能发生的事情。
例如：What are you going to do tomorrow?
The play is going to be produced next month。
注意：be going to 和will之间的区别。
l 在时间上：be going to通常表示马上要发生或相当快就要发生的事情;而will不指明任何具体时间，可以指遥远的未来。
He is going to be better.
He will be better.
l 计划/临时：两者都表示意图时，be going to含有预先计划、准备的意思;will则指未经过预先思考或计划，是临时的一种决定。
— What are you going to do next Sunday?
— I'm going to go fishing.
— Where is the telephone book?
— I'll go and get it for you.
l 两者都用于预测时，be going to意指有迹象表明某件事将要发生，属客观的推测;will则意指说话人认为/相信某件事将要发生，属主观的推测。
l 在条件状语从句中，be going to表将来,will表意愿。
例如：If you are going to make a journey, you'd better get ready for it as soon as possible.
Miss Gao will tell you the answer if you ask her.
2)“be to+动词原形”表示客观安排或受人指示而将要做某事。
例如：We are to discuss the report next Saturday.
3)be about to +动词原形，意为马上做某事。不能与tomorrow, next week 等表示明确将来时的时间状语连用，多于when引导的时间状语连用。
例如：He is about to leave for Beijing.
四.现在进行时
1. 结构：
am/is/are+动词的现在分词
2. 用法：
1)表示现在(指说话人说话时)正在发生或进行的动作。常与now, right now, at this moment, at this time, these days等时间状语连用。注：如果句首有警示性动词look、listen等，主句的动词也与现在进行时连用。
例如：We are waiting for you now.
Listen! The bird is singing in the tree.
2).表示现阶段(说话前后一段时间内)，一直在进行的活动。说话时动作未必正在进行。
例如：Mr. Green is writing another novel. 他在写另一部小说。(说话时并未在写，只处于写作的状态。)
He is thinking about this problem.这些天来他一直在考虑这个问题。
3).表示反复发生的动作或持续存在的状态，常与always, constantly, forever 等词连用，往往带有说话人的主观色彩。
例如：You are always changing your mind.
4).表示尚未完成的渐变过程，这样的动词有：get, grow, become, turn, run, go, begin等。
例如：The leaves are turning red.
It's getting warmer and warmer.
5)、表示移位的动词，如go,come,leave,start,arrive等，其现在进行时可表将来。
例如：I'm leaving tomorrow. 明天我要走了。
The train is arriving soon. 火车要到了。
注：不能用进行时态的动词
类别
举例
感官类
See,look,smell,hear,taste,notice,feel
感觉类
Love,agree,like,hate,want,fear,wish,prefer
认知类
Believe,think,understand,forget,remember
存在类
Appear,exist,lie,remain
占有、从属类
Have,own,contain,belong,possess,consist of
短暂动作类
Accept,receive,admit,decide,promise,give,finish
五.现在完成时
1. 结构：
肯定句：主语+助动词have(has)+动词过去分词-ed
否定句：主语+助动词have(has)+not(haven’t,hasn’t)+动词过去分词-ed
一般疑问句：Have(Has)+ 主语+动词过去分词-ed+?
特殊疑问句：疑问词+have(has)+ 主语+动词过去分词-ed+?
2.用法
含义：现在完成时用来表示现在之前已发生或完成的动作或状态，但其结果却和现在有联系, 也就是说, 动作或状态发生在过去但它的影响现在还存在。
1)现在完成时往往同表示不确定的过去时间状语连用, 如already, yet, just, before, recently, lately等 Mr. Wang has just come back from America. 王先生刚从美国回来。
I haven’t seen much of him recently (lately).
We have seen that film before.
Have they found the missing child yet?
现在完成时中的时间状语：
★already通常用于肯定句中，意为―已经，位于行为动词之前, be动词、助动词之后。有时可放在疑问句句尾，表示惊讶。
例如：We have already cleaned the classroom.
Have you finished it already?
★yet用于疑问句中表示―已经;用于否定句中，表示还(没)。
例如：—Has he found his watch yet?他还没找到他的表吗?
—No, not yet. 是, 还没有。
★ever意为曾经，常用于疑问句或否定句中，位于助动词和过去分词之间，表示从过去到目前为止的时间。
例如： Have you ever been there?你曾经去过那里吗?
Nothing has ever happened here. 这里未曾发生过什么事。
★never意为(曾经)从未、没有, 是否定副词，在句中位于助动词和过去分词之间。ever与否定词not连用相当于never。例如：
I haven’t ever spoken to her. = I have never spoken to her. 我从未跟她讲过话。
★just意为―刚刚, 用于现在完成时, 表示行为刚刚过去, 位于助动词与过去分词之间。
e.g. He has just come back from school.他刚从学校回来。
★ just now意为―刚才, 表示过去某时, 用于一般过去时, 位于句首或句尾均可。
e.g. He came from school just now.他刚才从学校回来。
★for 和since的用法及区别。for 与一段时间连用，since 与时间点连用。注意：since 后接过去时的时间状语或过去时的句子。
e.g. I have been to Shanghai twice since 1970.
I haven’t seen her since she left Shanghai.
I saw Ping Ping six years ago. Since I havenever seen her.
★have/has gone to、have/has been to 和have/has been in的区别。
have/ has gone to 去了,在去某地的路上或在某地, 人还未回来
have/ has been to 曾经去过, 人已经回来了
have/ has been in 已经在, 常与一段时间连用
e.g. She has been to Shanghai before. 她以前曾去过上海。
She has been in Shanghai for ten years. 她在上海10年了。
Has he gone to Qingdao? 他去青岛了吗?但不能说 Have you gone to Qingdao?2)、现在完成时还可用来表示过去发生的动作一直延续到现在，常带有for或since 等表示一段时间的状语。
如：Mr Wang has lived here since 1983.
I haven’t seen much of him recently (lately).
We have seen that film before.
Have they found the missing child yet?
3)、现在完成时瞬间动词即终止性动词不能与表示一段时间的状语连用。
常见终止性动词与延续性动词 (或状态动词) 的对应关系如下:
come / go / arrive / get / reach / move--- be in/at
open --- be open die --- be dead
close --- be closed become ---be
borrow --- keep put on --- wear
buy --- have leave ----- be away (from)
begin / start ----- be on fall asleep ---- be asleep
end/finish ----- be over catch a cold ----- have a cold
join the army ---- be in the army, be a soldier
join the Party---- be in the Party , be a Party member
例：吉姆买这支已有两年了。
Jim bought this pen two years ago.
Jim has had this pen for two years.
Jim has had this pen since two years ago.
Jim has had this pen since 2007
It is two years since Jim bought this pen.
4).在表示“最近几世纪/ 年/ 月以来……”时间状语中，谓语动词用现在完成时。
in the past few years/months/weeks/days;over the past few years; during the last three months; for the last few centuries, through centuries; throughout history 等
5).表示“第几次做某事，”或在 “It is the best (worst, most interesting ) +名词 +that” 后面跟现在完成时。
例：This is my first time that I have visited China.
This is the most interesting film I have ever seen.
That is the only book that he has written.
6)have / has been to + 地点 意为“曾去过某地”，暗含目前已不在该地仅表示当事人的一种经历而已。 have / has gone to + 地点 “到了某地去了”，暗含“已离开原地去了某地”之意，但是否到达了某地尚不确定。 如：He has gone to Shanghai. 他去了上海。
He has been to Shanghai. 他去过了上海。
六.过去完成时
1. 结构：
助动词had+动词过去分词
2. 用法：
1)、表示在过去某一时间或动作以前已完成的行为或存在的状态。即发生的时间是过去的过去。常与“by the end of/by/before+过去时间”构成的短语连用。
例如：The train had already left before we arrived.
He said that he had learned some English before.
By the end of last term, we had learned five English songs.
2)表示在过去某一动作之前就已经发生或完成了的动作;常用when,before,after等引导的从句作为动作发生时间先后的对比，先发生的动作用过去完成时，后发生的动作用一般过去时。
When I got to the railway station, the train had already left.
当我到达火车站时，火车已经开走了
His father had worked in a TV factory for five years before he came here.
爸爸来这之前，在一家电视机厂工作了5年。
3)表示过去未曾实现的计划、愿望等。这种用法中常用的动词为hope, want,plan,wish, expect, think, intend, mean, suppose等。
例如：We had hoped that you would come, but you didn't. 那时我们希望你能来，但是你没有来。
I had thought that all knew about it.我以为他们都知道这件事呢。
七.过去进行时
1. 结构：
was/were+动词的现在分词(--ing)
2.用法：
1)表示过去某一时刻或某一段时间正在进行或发生的动作。动作发生的特指时间常用一个短语或时间状语从句来表明，如：at this time yesterday，at 7:00 yesterday ，last night ,from seven to nine ,at that time以when或while引导的时间状语从句等。
My family were watching TV at that time yesterday.
When I arrived,Tom was talking on the phone.
What were you doing at 9:00 o’clock yesterday morning.
注意：(1)以when引导的时间状语从句中，从句动作，主句用过去进行时，表示一个动作发生时，
另一个动作正在进行。
When he called me , I was having dinner .
(2)以while引导的时间状语从句中，从句与主句的动作在过去某一时刻同时进行，while常
译为“当……的时候，同时”。
Tom was doing his homework while his sister was watching TV .
2)、表移动的动词，如come, go, arrive, leave, start, begin, return等词的过去进行时，可以表示过去将要发生的动作。
例如：She told me that she was going to Hainan for her holiday.
八.过去将来时态
表示过去的某时以后将要发生的动作。但这个"将来"时间绝不会延伸到―现在;而仅限于―过去时间区域内。由此可以看出，含这个时态的句子常带一个表示―过去某个时间点的状语。这个状语或是一个短语，或是一个句子。这个时态常用于：
1.结构
a)would/should+动词原形
b)was/were going to+动词原形
2.用法
1)、表示从过去某时看将要发生的动作或存在的状态。常用于主句是一般过去时的宾语从句或间接引语中。
例如：He said that he would finish his work before 9 o’clock.
他说他会在九点之前完成工作。
When I thought about it , I wondered what their reaction would be .
当我考虑这件事时，我想知道他们的反应是什么。
2)、表示过去的某种习惯性动作，只能用would。
例如：Whenever he has been in trouble, we would give him a hand.
每当他遇到困难时，我们总会伸出援助之手。
3)表示过去情况中的―愿望、―倾向，多用于否定句。
No matter how difficult the work was , he would keep on doing it until he accomplished it .
不管工作有多难，他总会坚持不懈地把它干完。
They knew that we would never permit such a thing.
他们知道我们绝不会允许发生这样的事。
Even after the lecture ended, the audience would not leave .
甚至在讲座结束之后，听众仍不肯离去。
选择
1. The population of the world ____ still ____ now. (2009·甘肃兰州)
A. has; grown B. is; growing C. will; grow D. is; grown
2. ---Good evening. I _______ to see Miss Mary. (2009·甘肃兰州)
---Oh, good evening. I’m sorry, but she is not in.
A. have come B. come C. came D. had come
3. — It’s time for dinner. Where is your father, Emma?
— He ______ his bike in the yard. (2009·新疆阜康)
A. clean B. cleaned C. is cleaning D. will clean
4. If you carefully, you the report well. (2009·广州)
A. will listen; will be understood B. will listen; understand
C. listen; will understand D. listen; understand
5. They about eight hundred English words by the end of last term. (2009·广州)
A. will learn B. had learned C. are going to learn D. have learned
6. —How did the accident happen? (2009·广州)
—You know, it difficult to see the road clearly because it .
A. was; was raining B. is; has rained
C. is; is raining D. will be; will rain
7. Attention, please. There a football game between China and Korea this evening.
A. is going to be B. has been C. hasD. will have
8. —What does your sister like doing in her spare time?
—She watching TV. (2009·湖北武汉)
A. likes B. liked C. has liked D. had liked
9. —When Jessy to New York?
—Yesterday. (2009·湖北武汉)
A. does; get B. did; get C. has; got D. had; got
10. —How clean the bedroom is! (2009·湖北武汉)
—Yes, I am sure that someone it.
A. cleans B. cleaned C. has cleaned D. had cleaned
11. My friend ______ me. I have to leave now. (2009·河北)
A. waits for B. waited for C. is waiting for D. was waiting for
12. Be sure to let Tom know the notice as soon as he ______.(2009·河北)
A. will arrive B. was arriving C. arrives D. arrived
13. I ______ the wrong thing. Can I use your eraser? (2009·河北)
A. write B. wrote C. am writing D. will write
14. ---Are you going to help John with his Chinese this evening? (2009·山东威海)
---NO, He ______ to England. He will be back next month.
A. returned B. has returned C. returns D. will return
15. ---Who’s won the first prize in the competition? (2009·山东烟台)
---Henry______ . He has ______ it for a week.
A. is, won B. is, got C. has, had D. has, been given
16. ---Is this the place that you ______ ? (2009·四川成都)
---No. I’ve never been there before.
A. have visited B. will visit C. are visiting D.would visit
17. It ______ outside. You’d better take an umbrella with you. (2009·江西)
A. rains B. is raining C. rained D. has rained
18. ---Can I help you? (2009·江西)
---I bought this watch here yesterday, but it ______ work.
A. won’t B. didn’t C. doesn’t D. wouldn’t
19. I used to love this film when I was young, but I ______ it that way any more. (2009·江苏南京)
A. don’t feel B. didn’t feel C. haven’t felt D. hadn’t felt
20. ---How was your trip to the ancient village? (2009·湖北宜昌)---Fantastic! We ___________to a museum of strange stones.A. go B. went C. are going D. will go
21. —Where is Peter? (2009·湖南娄底)
—He volleyball with his friends in the school gym.
A. playsB. playedC. is playing? D.was playing
22. ---Hello! Can I speak to Mr. White? (2009·江苏无锡)
---Sorry, he isn’t here right now. He ______ to the theme park.
A. will go B. was going C. has gone D. has been
23. ---______ you ______ your drawing? (2009·陕西绥德)
---Not yet! It will be done in a few minutes.
A. Did; finish B. Will; finish C. Do; finish D. Have; finished
24. She ______ as an animal trainer since 2003. (2009.北京)
A. has worked B. works C. will work D. have worked
25. They ______ her to the party, so she was very happy. (2009.北京)
A. invite B. invited C. will invite D. are inviting
26. Mr. Green ______ to the manager now. You’d better call him later. (2009.北京)
A. talk B. talked C. is talking D. was talking
27. Prison Break is the best American TV play that I ______ these years. (2009.安徽)
A. watch B. will watch C. have watched D. was watching
28. ---Alice, turn down the TV, please. I _________ on the phone.
---Oh, sorry. (2009.安徽)
A. have talked B. talked C. am talking D. talk
29. --- Where are the Greens, may I ask? (2009·吉林通化)
--- Well, they ______ to England. They have been there for nearly a week now.
A. have beenB. are going toC. have goneD. will go
30.The teachers_______ the office for a few minutes when we arrived. We didn’t meet them.
A. had been away from B. had left C. have been away from D. have left
1-5BBCCB 6-10AAABC 11-15CCBBC 16-20ABCAB
21-25CCDAB 26-30CCCCA
八年级上册英语语法知识点范文大全 2
一、the + est + 名词 +(that)+ 主词 + have ever + seen (known/heard/had/read， etc) ~~~ the most + 形容词 + 名词 +(that)+ 主词 + have ever + seen(known/heard/had/read， etc)
Helen is the most beautiful girl that I have ever seen。
海伦是我所看过最美丽的女孩。
Mr。 Chang is the kindest teacher that I have ever had。
张老师是我曾经遇到最仁慈的教师。
Yao Ming is the tallest basketball player that I have ever seen。
姚明是我所见过的最高的篮球运动员
Liu Xiang is the most hardworking sportsman that I have ever seen。
刘翔是我所见过的最勤奋的运动员。
二、Nothing is + er than to + V
Nothing is + more + 形容词 + than to + V
例句：Nothing is more important than to receive education。
没有比接受教育更重要的事。
Nothing is more important than to potect our environment。
没有什么比环保更重要的事。
Nothing is more important than to gain knowledge。
没有什么比学习知识更重要的事。
三、cannot emphasize the importance of ~~~ too much。
(再怎么强调。。。的重要性也不为过。)
例句：We cannot emphasize the importance of protecting our eyes too much。
我们再怎么强调保护眼睛的重要性也不为过。
We cannot emphasize the importance of education。
我们再怎么强调教育的重要性也不为过。
四、There is no denying that + S + V 。。。(不可否认的...)
例句：There is no denying that the qualities of our living have gone from bad to worse。
不可否认的，我们的生活品质已经每况愈下。
There is no denying that Lin Zhiling is the most charming actress I have ever seen。
不可否认，林志玲是我所见过的最有魅力的女演员。
五、It is universally acknowledged that + 句子~~ (全世界都知道...)
例句：It is universally acknowledged that trees are indispensable to us。
全世界都知道树木对我们是不可或缺的。
六、There is no doubt that + 句子~~ (毫无疑问的...)
例句：There is no doubt that our educational system leaves something to be desired。
毫无疑问的我们的教育制度令人不满意。
七、An advantage of is that + 句子(...的优点是...)
例句：An advantage of using the solar energy is that it won‘t create
(produce) any pollution。
使用太阳能的优点是它不会制造任何污染。
An advantage of taking exercises is that it can make us keep healthy。
锻炼身体的优点是它可以让我们保持健康。
八、The reason why + 句子is that + 句子(...的原因是...)
例句：The reason why we have to grow trees is that they can provide
us with fresh air。
我们必须种树的原因是它们能供应我们新鲜的空气。
九、So + 形容词 + be + 主词 + that + 句子(如此...以致于...)
例句：So precious is time that we can‘t afford to waste it。
时间是如此珍贵，它经不起我们浪费。
So beautiful is Xi Shi that we all like her。
西施是如此美丽，以致于我们都喜欢她。
十、Adj + as + Subject(主词)+ be， S + V (虽然...)
例句：Rich as our country is， the qualities of our living are by no
means satisfactory。
{by no means = in no way = on no account 一点也不}
虽然我们的国家富有，我们的生活品质绝对令人不满意。
十一、The + ~er + S + V， ~~~ the + ~er + S + V
The + more + Adj + S + V， ~~~ the + more + Adj + S + V
(愈...愈...)
例句：The harder you work， the more progress you make。
你愈努力，你愈进步。
The more books we read， the more learned we become。
我们书读愈多，我们愈有学问。
十二、By +Ving， can (借着...，...能够...)
例句：By taking exercise， we can always stay healthy。
借着做运动，我们能够始终保持健康。
By reading， we can broaden our horizon。
通过阅读，我们可以扩大视野。
十三、 enable + Object(受词)+ to + V (...使...能够...)
例句：Listening to music enable us to feel relaxed。
听音乐使我们能够感觉轻松。
Travelling enable our life to be enriched，
旅行能丰富人们的生活。
Watching movies enable our horizon to be broadened。
看电影能开阔视野。
十四、On no account can we + V ~~~ (我们绝对不能...)
例句：On no account can we ignore the value of knowledge。
我们绝对不能忽略知识的价值。
On no account can we ignore the importance of education。
我们绝对不能忽略教育的重要性。
十五、It is time + S + 过去式 (该是...的时候了)
例句：It is time the authorities concerned took proper steps to solve
the traffic problems。
该是有关当局采取适当的措施来解决交通问题的时候了。
十六、Those who ~~~ (...的人...)
例句：Those who break the law should be punished。
[次页标题= 导航短标题=]
违法的人应该受处罚。
十七、There is no one but ~~~ (没有人不...)
例句：There is no one but longs to go to college。
没有人不渴望上大学。
There is no one but longs to be a millionaire。
没有人不渴望成为百万富翁。
十八、be + forced/compelled/obliged + to + V (不得不...)
例句：Since the examination is around the corner， I am compelled to
give up doing sports。
由于考试迫在眉睫，我不得不放弃做运动。
十九、It is conceivable that + 句子 (可想而知的)
It is obvious that + 句子 (明显的)
It is apparent that + 句子 (显然的)
例句：It is conceivable that knowledge plays an important role in our life。
可想而知，知识在我们的一生中扮演一个重要的角色。
二十、That is the reason why ~~~ (那就是...的原因)
例句：Summer is hot.That is the reason why I don‘t like it。
夏天很炎热。那就是我不喜欢它的原因。
Winter is cold。 That is the reason why I don‘t like it。
冬天很冷。那就是我不喜欢它的原因。
二十一、For the past + 时间，S + 现在完成式。。。(过去...年来，...一直...)
例句：For the past two years， I have been busy preparing for the examination。
过去两年来，我一直忙着准备考试。
二十二、Since + S + 过去式，S + 现在完成式。
例句：Since he went to senior high school， he has worked very hard。
自从他上高中，他一直很用功。
二十三、It pays to + V (...是值得的。)
例句：It pays to help others。
帮助别人是值得的。
二十四、be based on (以...为基础)
例句：The progress of the society is based on harmony。
社会的进步是以和谐为基础的。
二十五、Spare no effort to + V (不遗余力的)
We should spare no effort to beautify our environment。
我们应该不遗余力的美化我们的环境。
二十六、bring home to + 人 + 事 (让...明白...事)
例句：We should bring home to people the value of working hard。
我们应该让人们明白努力的价值。
二十七、be closely related to (与...息息相关)
例句：Taking exercise is closely related to health。
做运动与健康息息相关。
二十八、Get into the habit of + Ving = make it a rule to + V (养成...的习惯)
We should get into the habit of previewing and reviewing。
我们应该养成预习和复习的习惯。
二十九、Due to/Owing to/Thanks to + N/Ving， (因为...)
例句：Thanks to his encouragement， I finally realized my dream。
因为他的鼓励，我终于实现我的梦想。
Thanks to Miss Qin‘s help， I passed the examination。
多亏秦老师的帮助，我通过了考试。
三十、What a + Adj + N + S + V!= How + Adj + a + N + V!(多么...!)
例句：What an important thing it is to keep our promise!
How important a thing is to keep our promise!
遵守诺言是多么重要的事!
What an important thing it is to be honest!
How important a thing is to be honest!
诚实是多么重要的事!
三十一、Have a great influence on ~~ (对...有很大的影响)
例句：Smoking has a great influence on our health。
抽烟对我们的健康有很大的影响。
三十二、do good to (对。。。有益)，do harm to (对...有害)
例句：Reading does good to our mind。读书对心灵有益。
Overwork does harm to health。工作过度对健康有害。
三十三、Pose a great threat to (对...造成一大威胁)
例句：Pollution poses a great threat to our existence。
污染对我们的生存造成一大威胁。
Noise poses a great threat to our living。
噪音对我们的生活造成一大威胁。
三十四、do one‘s utmost to + V = do one’s best (尽全力去...)
例句：We should do our utmost to achieve our goal in life。
我们应尽全力去达成我们的人生目标。
We should do our utmost to help others。
我们应尽全力帮助别人。
三十五、Among various kinds of …，…= Of all the …， … 在各种…之中?
例句：Among various kinds of sports， I like jogging in particular。
在各种运动中我尤其喜欢慢跑。
三十六、 In my opinion， …
= To my mind， …
= As far as I am concerned， …
= I am of the opinion that子句 就我的看法…;我认为…
例句：In my opinion， playing copmuter games not only takes much time but also is harmful to health。
就我的看法玩电脑游戏既花费时间也有害健康。
三十七、 Of all the people I know， perhaps non deserves my respect more than …在我认识的人当中也许没有一个人比…更值得我尊敬。
例句： Of all the people I know， perhaps non deserves my respect more than Miss Wang， my English teacher。
在我认识的人当中也许没有一个人比我的英文老师王老师更值得我尊敬。
三十八、据说… It is said (that)子句
一般认为… It is thought (that)子句
大家都知道… It is known (that)子句
据报导… It is reported (that)子句
一般预料… It is expected (that)子句
据估计… It is estimated (that)子句
一般相信… It is believed (that)子句
例句： It‘s known that Hangzhou is a beautiful city。
众所周知杭州是座美丽的城市。
八年级上册英语语法知识点范文大全 3
从属分句
复合句(complex sentence)由一个主句(principal clause)和一个或一个以上的从属分句(subordinate clause)构成。
从属分句按语法功能可分为名词性从句(nominal clause)、关系从句(relative clause)和状语从句(adverbial clause)。
名词性从句包括主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句和同位语从句。关系从句在传统语法里又被称为“定语从句”。
状语从句包括时间状语从句、地点状语从句、原因状语从句、结果状语从句、目的状语从句、条件状语从句、让步状语从句、方式状语从句和比较状语从句。
一、状语从句
状语从句是从句中的一大类，在考题中更是频繁出现，它的主要功能是作主句的状语，由完整的主谓句构成。状语从句和主句在语法上关系并不紧密，但在逻辑上是不可分割的。
1. 让步状语从句
1) though, although, even if/though引导的让步状语从句
最常见的让步状语从句是由though, although, even if/though引导的。
2) as引导的让步状语从句
(a) as引导的让步状语从句必须倒装，如果动词或现在分词提前放在句首，谓语要补加助动词do/does/did, will等。
(b) 作表语用的单数可数名词放在句首时，该名词前不可加冠词。
(c) as从句的主语是代词时，主谓无需倒装;如果主语是名词时，则要倒装。
3) while引导的让步状语从句
while表示“尽管，虽然”时，可以引导让步状语从句，这时while表达并列的转折，即主句与从句间的动作是在同一时间发生的。while引导的从句通常放在主句之前。
4) no matter how与however引导的让步状语从句
no matter与疑问词what，when，where，how等连用，或上述疑问词加-ever，都可以引导让步状语从句，两者基本可以互换。
2. 比较状语从句
比较状语从句一般由as和than引导，例如：
It is easier than I thought. 这比我想象的更容易。
I haven’t done as much as I should have liked. 我没做得像我希望的那样好。
3. 条件状语从句
条件状语从句的引导词除了常见的if外，还有unless，provided/providing (that)，so/as long as，on condition that，suppose/supposing (that)，in the event that。另外，whether or not可以引导选择条件句。
4. 时间状语从句
时间状语从句的引导词有when, after, as等。下面介绍几种特殊的情况：
1) when与while引导的时间状语从句
when表示“当...的时候”，指一个时间点(段)的动作;while表示“在...的同时”，只能表示持续性的动作或状态，不能表示一段时间的或短暂的动作。
2) Hardly/Scarcely…when和No sooner…than引导的时间状语从句
Hardly/Scarcely…when和No sooner…than这两种句型表达的意思相当于as soon as, 注意hardly/scarcely和no sooner后面是完成时，而when或than后面则用过去时。
3) the minute/moment/day, the first/second/last time, each/every/next time等均可以引导时间状语从句，例如：
Next time you come to Beijing, you must visit the museum. 下次你来北京的时候，一定要参观博物馆。
4) since表示“自从”，从句要用非延续性动词，主句用完成时态，例如：
Since he moved to Nanjing, I have not heard from him. 自从他搬到南京以后，我就没有收到过他的信。
5) till/until表示“直到...”(till不能用于句首)，用于肯定句时，主句用延续性动词;用于否定句时，主句可以使用非延续性动词，例如：
I will wait here until the concert is over. 我将一直等在这儿，直到音乐会结束。
She can’t leave until Friday. 到星期五她才可以离开。
5. 结果状语从句
1) so (such)…that引导结果状语从句
句型“so+形容词，副词/such+名词+that”表示“如此...以致...”，如果so用在名词前，则用“so+形容词+a(an)+名词”的结构。在“much/many/few/little+名词”结构前，只能用so。
2) with the result that引导结果状语从句，例如：
The Eskimo language is one of the most difficult in the world to learn, with the result that almost no traders or explorers have even tried to learn it. 爱斯基摩语是世界上最难学的语言之一，以致几乎没有商人或探险者曾尝试去学习它。
6. 原因状语从句
原因状语从句有许多引导词，如since，as，because等。而in that和on the ground(s) that是两种较特殊的用法，例如：
Men differ from animals in that they can think and speak. 人与动物不同，因为人能够思考和说话。
He was elected as the president on the grounds that he had contributed a lot to the company. 由于他对公司贡献很大，所以被选为公司的总裁。
7. 地点状语从句
地点状语从句主要由where, wherever, anywhere等引导，例如：
I’ll take you anywhere you like. 你想到哪儿，我就带你到哪儿。
He said he was happy where he was. 他说他现在生活很愉快。
8. 方式状语从句
1) 方式状语从句主要由as引导，例如：
I have changed it as you suggested. 我已按你的建议做了改动。
2) Just as和much as也可引导这类从句，例如：
They tried to conceal this fact much as I did last year. 他们设法隐瞒事实，就像我去年做的那样。
3) 这种状语从句有时也可不用连词引导，例如：
I can’t help seeing things the way they do. 我禁不住也像他们那样看待事物。
二、关系从句(定语从句)
1. 限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句的主要区别
1) 非限制性定语从句中，引导词和先行词之间需要用逗号隔开。
2) 限制性定语从句是句子不可或缺的部分，去掉会造成句意不清;而非限制性定语从句只起补充说明的作用，其有、无对句意的影响不大，翻译时常译作独立的句子，而不是定语，例如：
He refused to reveal the man who had beaten him black and blue. 他拒绝指认那个把他打得鼻青脸肿的人。(man是特定的)
I no longer live in Beijing, where air pollution did great harm to my health. 我不再生活在北京了，那里的空气污染对我的身体伤害太大。(Beijing是众所周知的，无需限定，若限定则意味着世界上不止有一个北京)
3) 非限制性定语从句中，引导词一般不用that。
2. which与that
1) 关系代词that在定语从句中作宾语时可省略。
2) 先行词是不定代词(all, much, few, little, some, any, none, anything, something, nothing, everything)时，只能用that引导。
3) 先行词是anyone, anybody, everyone, everybody, someone, somebody时，关系代词多用who或whom，不用that。
4) 先行词被形容词最高级及first, last, only, very, no等修饰时，关系代词常用that，不用which, who或whom。
5) 有两个或两个以上的先行词兼指人和物时，关系代词用that。
3. as
1) as同such, the same, as (so) 连用，引导限制性定语从句，例如：
Such people as wish to leave may do so now. 那些想离开的人现在可以离开了。
2) 引导非限制性定语从句时，as与which的区别在于：
(a) as引导的从句位置较灵活，故可在主句前、主句中或主句后;which引导的从句只能放在主句后。
(b) as后如果是被动语态，被动语态中的be动词可省略;which后的be动词在相同情况下则不可以省略。
4. where
where引导定语从句,相当于介词in/at/on+which，例如：
The bookshop where I bought this book is not far from here. 我买这本书的那个书店离这里不远。
This is the house where I lived two years ago. 这就是我两年前住的那个房子。
5. whose
whose与名词搭配使用时，可以引导定语从句，在句中作主语或宾语;whose既可以指人，也可以指物，例如：
The house whose windows are broken is unoccupied. 那个窗户破了的房子没有人住。
6.“介词+whom” 或 “which+不定式短语” 结构
“介词+whom”或“which+不定式短语”作后置定语时，相当于一个定语从句。此时若将介词还原后置，则需省略whom或which，即成为不定式短语，例如：
She is a pleasant girl with whom to work. 她是一个与之工作令人愉快的女孩。
She is a pleasant girl to work with. 她是一个与之工作令人愉快的女孩。
三、名词性从句
名词性从句指在一个句子中起名词作用的主谓结构，它可以在主从复合句中作主语、宾语、表语和同位语。名词性从句的语序为陈述语序。下面主要介绍一下考查较多的同位语从句和宾语从句。
1. 同位语从句
1) 能接同位语从句的名词主要有: answer, belief, certainty, concept, conclusion, decision, discovery, doubt, evidence, explanation, fact, hope, idea, impression, information, knowledge, problem, promise, statement, suggestion, thought, probability, 同位语从句多由that引导，疑问代词who, which, what和疑问副词where, when, how, why也可以引导。
2) 在on the assumption that, on condition that, despite the fact that, on the understanding that等结构中，也可以用同位语从句。
2. 宾语从句
1) 宾语从句的主要引导词有that，还有连接代词或连接副词，如what, which, where, how, why, 以及连词whether(if)。
2) whatever, whichever, whoever引导的宾语从句，例如：
I’ll do whatever you want (me to). 你要我做什么我就做什么。
3) 在in, but, except等少数几个介词后可以接that引导的宾语从句，且已经成为固定搭配，例如：
This paper is perfect except that there are some misspellings. 除了有几处拼写错误以外，这篇论文写得十分完美。
4) “be+形容词”后接从句
这类形容词有afraid, sorry, sure, glad, disappointed, delighted等。这类从句在概念上接近宾语从句，在结构上接近状语，例如：
I am afraid I have made a serious mistake. 我恐怕犯了个严重的错误。
I’m not sure whether he still works there. 我不能肯定他是否还在那里工作。
八年级上册英语语法知识点范文大全 4
【Unit 1 Where did you go on vacation?】
本单元的话题：谈论假期活动内容，复习一般过去时。
本单元的语法：1.复习一般过去时;2.学习不定代词和不定副词的用法。
2.不定代词和不定副词的用法：
(1)左边的some、any、every、no与右边的body、one、thing构成不定代词，some、any、every、no与右边的疑问副词where构成不定副词;
(2)一般情况下以some开头的不定代词和不定副词用于肯定句，以any开头的不定代词和不定副词用于否定句、疑问句;以no开头的不定代词和不定副词表示否定含义(no one为两个单词);
(3)不定代词或不定副词和形容词连用时，形容词放在后面。
He has something important to do.他有重要的事情要做。(肯定句用something，形容词important放后)
Did you buy anything special? (一般疑问句用anything，形容词special放后)
Did you go anywhere interesting last month?上个月你去令人感兴趣的地方了吗?
(一般疑问句用不定副词anywhere，形容词interesting放后)
(4)不定代词和不定副词做主语时，后面的动词用单数形式。Everone is here today.今天每个人都在这里。
本单元的短语和知识点：
1. go on vacation去度假 go to the mountains 上山/进山
2.stay at home呆在家go to the beach去海滩 visit museums 参观博物馆 go to summer camp去参观夏令营
3. study for tests为考试而学习\备考go out出去
4. quite a few相当多,不少(后跟可数名词复数)take photos照相 most of the time大部分时间
5.buy sth for sb = buy sb sth为某人买某物
6. taste good. 尝起来很好
taste(尝起来)、look(看起来)、sound(听起来)为感官动词，后跟形容词
7.have a good\great\fun time过得高兴，玩得愉快(=enjoy oneself) 8. go shopping去购物 9. nothing…but+动词原形：除了……之外什么都没有
He had nothing to do at home but read yesterday.昨天他在家除了读书无事可做。
10. seem to do sth:好像… I seem to know him.我好像认识他。
seem+(to be)+形容词：看起来…The work seems(to be)easy.这工作看起来很容易。
11.keep a diary记日记
12. in+大地方：达到某地 (get to +地方：达到某地)
arrive at+小地方：达到某地 (get的过去式为got)
若是arrive和get后跟home、there、here三个地点副词，后面的介词in\at\to必须去掉。
Tom got home yesterday evening=Tom arrived home yesterday evening.昨晚汤姆到家。
13.decide to do sth:决定做某事 14. try doing sth.尝试做某事try to do sth.尽力去做某事
15. feel like给…的感觉;感受到 16. in the past 在过去 walk around四处走走
enjoy doing sth:喜欢做某事 difference(名词，差异，差别)---- different(形容词，不同的)
18.start doing sth：开始做某事 (= start to do sth)
19.19.over an hour一个多小时 (over超过，多余 = more than)
20. too many 太多，后接可数名词复数。 too much 太多，后跟不可数名词，修饰动词作状语。
much too 太，后跟形容词或副词 ， 分辨三者的口诀： too much, much too, 用法区别看后头:much 后接不可数,too 后修饰形或副。too many 要记住，后面名词必复数。
21. because of 因为,后接名词、代词或动名词(即动词+ing)，不能接句子。
because因为，后跟句子。
He was late for school because of getting up late.他因为起晚而上学迟到。(get为动词)
= He was late for school because he got up late.
22. enough(足够的)与名词连用，一般放在名词前He has enough money .
23. enough(足够的)与形容词或副词连用，enough放在后面。He is old enough to go to school.
24. doing sth.忘记已经做过某事(已经做完)
Forget to do sth.忘记去做某事(还未做)(forget的过去式为forgot)
25. so+形容词+that+句子：如此…以至于…
too+形容词+to do sth：太…以至于不能…
形容词+enough to do sth：足够…能够做某事(注意三个句型有时可以互换)
He is so young that he can′t go to school.= He is too young to go to school.
= He isn′t old enough to go to school.
【Unit 2 How often do you exercise?】
本单元的话题：谈论生活习惯，复习一般现在时。
本单元的语法：1.复习一般现在时;2.学习表示频率副词的用法。
主要频率副词的等级排序：always(总是) usually (通常) often(经常) sometimes(有时) hardly ever(很少) never(从不)
这些副词在句子中的位置，一般放在助动词、be动词或情态动词之后，行为动词之前。即：“行”前“助(系)”后。 Peter is always late for school. Peter上学总是迟到。
I usually do my homework in the evening. 我通常在晚上做作业。
提问 always, sometimes, twice a day 等频率副词，用 How often
I watch TV every day.我每天都看电视→How often do you watch TV?(你多长时间看一次电视?)
本单元的短语和知识点：
1.on weekends在周末 go to the movies去看电影 help with housework帮助做家务 how often多久一次 hardly ever几乎从不
2.once a week每周一次 twice a week每周两次 every day每天 use the Internet用互联网
be free有空 Are you free on weekends?你周末有空吗?
4.stay up late熬夜at least至少go to bed early早点睡觉play sports进行体育活动
5.after school 放学后 6.want sth：需要某物 He wants a new pen.他想要一支新钢笔。
want to do sth:想做某事 He wants to watch TV after school.放学后他想去看电视。
want sb to do sth:让某人做某事 My mother wants me get up early.妈妈让我早起。
7.be good for对……有好处 be bad for 对……有害处
8. play computer games打电子游戏 go camping去野营 9.ask sb about sth：问某人某事 My parents often ask me about my study.我的父母经常问我的学习情况。
10. in one’s spare time在某人业余时间He studies English in his spare time.11.(P13，2b)”数字+percent of+名词”做主语时，后面的单词取决于名词的情况。若名词为复数，后面的动词用复数形式;若名词为单数或不可数名词，后面的动词用单数形式。
In our class ,twenty of students are boys. Thirty of water is dirty.
12.not…at all:一点儿也不 (not构成否定句)I don’t like the movie at all.
13.go online上网=surf the Internet 14.the answer to+名词：…的答案
16.the (best) way to do sth: 做某事的()方式
The best way to learn English is speaking English.学习英语的方法是说英语.
17.such as比如 (后跟名词或名词短语)for example 例如(后跟句子)
He likes fruits,such as apples,bananas and so on.他喜欢水果，例如苹果、香蕉等。
He has some good ways to study English,for example ,he often listens to tapes.
19.more than (=over)超过，多余 go to the dentist去看牙医
【Unit 3 I'm more outgoing than my sister.】
本单元的话题：谈论事物对比，学习形容词比较级。
本单元的语法：学习形容词比较级。(语法：见课本第113页至115页)
本单元的短语和知识点：
1.play+the +乐器 play the drums打鼓 比较play +球类 play basketball打篮球
both…and…两者都(后面的动词用复数形式) Both Tom and Jim are students.
3.be good at+名词\代词\V ing:擅长，在某方面做得好
7.be like:像… The books are like friends.书像朋友。
8.make friends (with sb)：(和某人)交朋友 enjoy doing sth:喜欢做某事
9.be different from与…不同 My brother is different from me.我弟弟与我不一样。
10.help sb to (do) sth:帮助某人做某事
常与help sb with sth(在某方面帮助某人)互换 He often helps me (to) learn English.他经常帮助我学习英语。= He often helps me with my English.他经常在英语方面帮助我。
help (to) do sth:帮助做某事He often helps( to)cook at home.他经常在家帮助做饭。
13.be good with sb:与某人相处很好 14.information (n.消息，信息)不可数名词
【Unit 4 What's the best movie theater?】
本单元的话题：谈论事物对比， 学习形容词和副词的级。
本单元的语法：学习形容词和副词的级。
本单元的短语和知识点：
1.welcome to+地点：欢迎来到某地 Welcome to our school.欢迎来我校。
2.What do you think of sth?=How dou you like sth?你认为...怎么样?
3.watch sb do sth:看见某人做了某事(= see sb do sth )
4.比较级别 +and+比较级：越来越…(若比较级为more+形容词原级，则为：more and more形容词原级)The buildings are taller and taller. Our school is getting more and more beautiful.
5.around the world全世界=all over the world, such as 例如
【Unit 5 Do you want to watch a game show?】
本单元的话题：谈论自己对天使节目或电影的喜好，学会表达自己的感受。
本单元的语法：复习一般现在时。
本单元的短语和知识点：
1. What do you think of sth?=How dou you like sth?你认为…怎么样?
What do you think of the movie?你认为这部电影怎么样? It is boring.很无聊。
2.mind doing sth:介意做某事 3. news (不可数名词，消息，信息) a piece of good news一条好消息 4.learn (sth) from sb:向某人学习(某物) 5.plan to do sth:计划做某事(plan的过去式planned,现在分词planning) 6.hope to do sth:希望做某事
8.favorite (形容词，最喜爱的)= like…best
My favorite shows are talk shows.我最喜欢的节目是谈话节目。=I like talk shows best.
9.expect to do sth:期待做某事 10.think of认为，想起He often thinks of his teachers. 11.in the 1930s:在二十世纪三十年代(1930年至1939年)
10.12.one of +可数名词复数：…之一(该短语放在句首做主语时，后面的动词用单数形式)One of the students has an English dictionary.这些学生中一个人有英语字典。
14.luck(名词，幸运,运气)—lucky(形容词,幸运的)--unlucky (形容词,不幸的)
15.be ready to do sth乐意做某事 16.try one's best (to do sth):尽力(做某事)
Unit6 Im going to study computer science.
本单元的话题：谈论自己将来的计划或打算。
本单元的语法：学习一般将来时be going to do sth。
本单元的短语和知识点：
1.词性转换：science (名词，科学)—scientist(名词，科学家)
violin(名词，小提琴)--violinst(名词，小提琴家)piano(名词，钢琴)-- pianist(名词，钢琴家)2.grow up成长，长大 3.be good at+名词\代词\动词+ing:擅长… He is good at math,but he isn’t good at speaking English.他擅长数学，但是不擅长说英语。
4.keep on doing sth: 继续做某事 5.be sure about:确信，对…有把握
His mother isn’t sure about his study.他的妈妈对他的学习没有把握。
6. move to +地点：搬(家)到某地 7. take singing\acting lessons上歌唱课\上表演课=have singing\acting lessons 8. send sb sth = send sth to sb寄\送给某人某物
His grandfather often sends him money。= His grandfather often sends money to him.
9. learn to do sth学会做某事
10. play the piano弹钢琴 make the soccer team组建足球队 get good grades取得好的成绩 eat healthier food吃更健康的食品 get lots of exercise进行大量锻炼
11. foreign language外国语言 12. study hard努力学习 most of the time大多数时间
14. get back from+地点：从…回来 He will get back from Beijing in 3 days.
at the beginning of 在…开始的时候, write down写下/记下，
17. different kinds of不同种类的 have to do with关于，与…有关系,take up开始从事
20. too+形容词+to do sth：太…以至于不能…
so+形容词+that+句子：如此…以至于…
形容词+enough to do sth：足够…能够做某事(注意三个句型有时可以互相转换)
He is so young that he can′t go to school.他如此年轻以至于不能去上学。
= He is too young to go to school.他太年轻了以至于不能去上学。
= He isn′t old enough to go to school.
22.make sb+形容词：让某人怎么样 The good news made us happy.(注意：news为不可数名词)
23.how to do better at school为“疑问词+不定式”即“疑问词+to do sth”
He didn’t know when to start.他不知道什么时候开始。 24.go to university去上大学
初中八年级英语语法知识点整理三
【Unit 1 How often do you exercise?】
Grammar: 特殊疑问句：wh-questions: what, who, where, when, which, whose, why, whom等。
特殊疑问句的构成及用法：
1.结构：特殊疑问词+ 一般疑问句，即：特殊疑问词+be/助动词/情态动词+主语+谓语/表语(+其他)
疑问代词：
1) Who:谁。做主语，用来指人 Who is the boy under the tree?
2)Whom 谁，做宾语，用来指人 Whom are you writing to?
3) Whose 谁的，用来指所属关系，如果做定语，一般后接名词 Whose pen is this?
4) Which 哪个，哪些，用来指对人或物在一定范围之内进行选择 Which girls will be in the sports meeting?
Which pen is Lily’s?
5)What什么，通常指物，也可指人，一般用在没有指出范围的情况下 What can you see in the picture? What are you doing now?
疑问副词：
1)When:何时，询问时间 When will she come back?
2)Where何地，询问地点， Where do you come from?
3)Why为什么，询问原因， Why are you late for school?
4)How 如何，询问手段、方式、工具以及程度等
How do you usually go to school?
5)How old多大，询问年龄，How old is Jim’s little brother?
6)How many/much多少，询问数量
How many birds are there in the tree?
7)How far多远，询问距离，
How far is it form your home to school?
8)How long多长，多久，询问时间的长度或距离
How long will you stay in Beijing?
9)How often多长时间按一次，询问频率
How often do you go to see your grandparents?
10How soon多久，询问时间 How soon will you come back?
频率副词：表示动作发生的频率，never, hardly ever,sometimes, often, usually, always.
【 Unit 2 What’s the matter with you?】
Grammar:
1. 用have 来描述身体不适 have/have got a +疾病名字;得了……病
2.情态动词should,情态动词should,can, may, must没有人称和时态的变化，后接动词原形.
【Unit 3 What are you doing for vacation?】
Grammar:现在进行时表将来 一般将来时
表示将要做某事或计划打算做某事要用到句型“be+doing”其中be是助动词，它有人称和单复数的变化。Be: am, is, are. be + v.ing是现在进行时的形式，但用于表示将来。用进行时表将来，常用于表示即将来临的未来预定要做的事情，一般指个人计划要做的事。用于此情况的动词一般是表示位置转移的动词，如，go, come, leave, start, arrive, move等。
一.肯定句中，结构为“be+doing.”
I am going shopping this afternoon.
二.否定句是在be之后加not. I’m not going to shopping this afternoon.
三.一般疑问句是将be置于句首 Are you going shopping this afternoon?—Yes, I am/ we are. No, I’m not./ We aren’t.
四.特殊疑问句“疑问词+一般疑问句语序。”
What are you doing for vacation?
When is he going camping?
Who are you going there with?
Where is she going?
八年级上册英语语法知识点范文大全 5
现在完成时(一)
1. 现在完成时定义：强调过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响或结果。
例如：
Betty went to the park yesterday. (强调去公园的动作发生在昨天)
Betty has been to the park before. (强调不仅去过公园，而且了解公园的状况)
2. 现在完成时的谓语结构：have/has + 动词的过去分词
例如：
I’ve always wanted to go on a dream holiday.
句中的谓语结构为：have wanted
Lingling has visited the US.
句中的谓语结构为：has visited
3. 句式结构
(1)肯定句式：主语+have / has+动词过去分词+其他。
(2)否定句式：主语+have / has+not+动词过去分词+ 其他。have not 和has not 分别缩写为haven’t和hasn’t。
(3)一般疑问句式：Have / Has+主语+动词过去分词+其他? 肯定答语为Yes, 主语+have / has.;否定答语为No, 主语+haven’t / hasn’t.
4. 过去分词的构成
规则动词过去分词的构成规则与规则动词过去式的构成规则相同。
(1)动词一般在词尾加“-ed”。如：work→worked→worked
(2)以“e”结尾的动词，词尾直接加“-d”。 如：live→lived→lived
(3)以“辅音字母+ y”结尾的动词，将“y”变为 “i”，再加“-ed”。如：cry→cried→cried
(4)以重读闭音节结尾，末尾只有一个辅音字母，先双写该辅音字母，再加“-ed”。如：stop→stopped→stopped
Module3 Journey to space
现在完成时(二)
1. 当表示动作已经完成，并对现在有一定影响时，我们一般用现在完成时。同时，可分用just, already或yet加以强调或说明。例如：
I have just heard the news. 我刚听到消息。
Astronauts have already been to the moon. 宇航员已经去过月球了。
He has just started to explore other planets. 我们才刚刚开始探索其他行星。
可以看出，just 用来表示“刚刚”， already 用来表示“已经”，两者都用于肯定句中，一般是置于have / has 之后。在否定句中则可用yet, 表示“还未”， 有“以后可以会”的含义。
例如：
The scientists have not heard from it yet. 科学家还没有收到它发出的信息。
Man has not discovered any life in space yet. 人类尚未在太空中发现生命。
2. 另外，在使用现在完成时的时候，要注意与一般过去时的区别。现在完成时在表达经历时只表示该事件是在现在之前的某一个时间里发生的，重点在于已完成动作对现在的影响。而一般过去时则表示在过去某一具体时间发生的事情。例如：
I have just been to London. I went there last month. 我刚去过伦敦，上个月去的。
I have already finished my homework. I finished it an hour ago. 我已经完成家庭作业了，一小时前完成的。
3. 在没有明确的过去时间状语时，如何判断该用现在完成时还是该用过去时呢?判断的标准是看该行为是否对现在有影响，也就是说该句强调的是什么。试看以下对话：
A: Where have you put my book? I can’t find it. 你把我的书放哪儿去了?我找不到。
B: I put it on your desk yesterday. 我昨天放你桌子上了。
该对话中，当A 问对方把自己的书放在何处时，A 感兴趣的是现在的状态，因此用现在完成时。但是B 回答时只是说明当时放的位置，所以用一般过去时。再看下面的对话：
A: Would you like to go and see the film with me tonight ? 你今晚想和我去看电影吗?
B: Sorry, I have seen it already. 不好意思，我已经看过那部电影了。
对话中的现在完成时表示对结果的强调：“电影看过了，所以不想再看了。
现在完成时(三)
1. 现在完成时定义：也可以表示某一动作从过去一直延续到现在。
例如：Jane has kept the book for three days. 简已经借这本书三天了。
The boy has had the bike since last Sunday. 自从上周五，这个男孩就买了这辆自行车。
2. 现在完成时的时间短语：for和since时间短语是现在完成时的常用时间短语，是现在完成时的标志。
for后面加时间段，表示一段时间。
例如：for two weeks;for one month
since后面加时间点，表示自……以来。
例如：since last week;since 2008
注意：对for和since时间短语提问用How long
注意：动词分为延续性动词(表示延续性的动作或状态)和瞬间动词(表示动作在瞬间完成)。
延续性动词常和表示时间段的短语连用。例如for短语和since短语。
瞬间动词不能和for短语和since短语连用。
例如：His father has died for two years.(×)
His father has been dead for two years. (√)
一般过去时常犯错误
1. 把动词变为过去式易出错。
例如：They stoped talking just now.
解析：stop的过去时为stopped。辅音加y，y变i加ed;元音加y，在词尾直 接加ed。
2. 忘记把动词变为过去式。
例如：I fly kites on the afternoon of last Sunday.
解析：fly应该用过去式flew。对此，我们应该记住在一般过去时的时态里，过去式不要忘记。
3. 在句式变换时出错。
例如：We didn’t went last Friday.
解析：didn’t went应改为didn’t go。请记住“见助动词用原形”。
4. 易与现在完成时弄混。
例如：I saw the film, so I don’t want to go now.
解析：正确答案为：I have seen the film, so I don’t want to go now.“我不想去”说明了我了解这部影片的内容，强调现在的情况，应该用现在完成时。
时态区分
一般现在时、一般过去时和现在完成时。观察下列句子。
1. I often watch cartoons films. 我经常看卡通片。
2. I watched Spiderman last week. 我上周看了《蜘蛛侠》。
3. I have already watched Spiderman. I do not want to watch it again. 我已看过《蜘蛛侠》了，不想再看了。
可以看出：
1. 经常性、习惯性的动作，所以用一般现在时。
2. 在过去某个时间发生的行为，用一般过去时。
3. 动作也是在过去，但是没有明确的表示过去的时间，并且强调的是结果，即现在不想看了，所以用现在完成时。
简单句的基本结构
英语是一种结构型的语言，动词在句型构成中起着重要作用。英语的句子以谓语为中心，前面是动作的执行者(被动语态除外)，后面接动作的承受者。
1. 主语+系动词+表语(+状语)
主语+系动词+表语+状语
These books are interesting.
Tom is very happy today.
2. 主语+谓语(不及物动词)(+状语)
主语 谓语 状语
The first book came out in 2009.
The rain has stopped.
3.(状语+)主语+谓(及物动词+宾(+状语)
状语+主语+谓语+宾语+状语
I bought a very good book last week.
Every day my mother prepares breakfast for me.
4.主语 + 谓语(及物动词)+ 间接宾语 + 直接宾语 +(状语)
主语+谓语+间接宾语+直接宾语+状语
His hobby has brought him enjoyment.
My father bought me a very good bikeon my birthday.
5.主语 + 谓语(及物动词)+ 宾语 + 宾语补足语(+状语)
主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补足语+状语
We can help you develop new skills step by step.
I do not want you to work too hard.
The news made everyone happy.
6. There +be +主语(+状语)
There be+主语+状语
There are many books in his schoolbag.
There is a very nice cup on the table.
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