初中英语语法之定语从句精选整理

那么前面跟大家介绍过了名词的介绍了，下面就是小编给大家带来的英语数词、冠词的解析，希望能帮助到大家!

初中英语语法之定语从句精选整理 1

(1)有些物质名词在表达可数概念时，可转化为可数名词

如：wind 风— a wind 一阵(场)风 tea 茶— a tea 一杯茶

fruit 水果—fruits 各种各样的水果

总结：除了上面所列举的例子外，还有以下单词在表达个体概念时，时常可数：

ow — a snow coffee — a coffee beer— a beer

food — a food glass — a glass (一个玻璃杯) glasses (眼睛，玻璃杯)

(2)有些不可数名词的复数形式具有特殊含义

rains 大量的雨水，多场雨 snows 大量的雪，多场雪

winds 多场风 waters 大片水域 sands 沙堆，沙丘

初中英语语法之定语从句精选整理 2

(1)有些物质名词在表达可数概念时，可转化为可数名词

如：wind 风— a wind 一阵(场)风 tea 茶— a tea 一杯茶

fruit 水果—fruits 各种各样的水果

总结：除了上面所列举的例子外，还有以下单词在表达个体概念时，时常可数：

ow — a snow coffee — a coffee beer— a beer

food — a food glass — a glass (一个玻璃杯) glasses (眼睛，玻璃杯)

(2)有些不可数名词的复数形式具有特殊含义

rains 大量的雨水，多场雨 snows 大量的雪，多场雪

winds 多场风 waters 大片水域 sands 沙堆，沙丘

初中英语语法之定语从句精选整理 3

实义动词也叫行为动词，是四类动词中唯一能独立作谓语的一类动词。根据其句法功能可以分为及物动词和不及物动词两类。

1、及物动词

及物动词本身意义不够完整，需要后接宾语才能使其意思完整。

1)动词+宾语，构成主谓宾句型。

例如：Could you please clean the blackboard? 请你擦黑板好吗?

We learn English every day. 我们每天学习英语。

2)动词+直接宾语+to/for+间接宾语 / 动词+间接宾语+直接宾语，构成主谓双宾句型。有的动词必须在后面带表示人的间接宾语和表示物的直接宾语，即两个宾语才能表达完整的意思。

例如：Who teaches you English? 谁教你们英语?

lease pass me the book.= Please pass the book to me.请把那本书递给我。

My mother bought me a snow globe on my birthday.

= My mother bought a snow globe for me on my birthday.

我过生日时我妈买给我一个雪球。

常见的带双宾语的动词有：pass, give, bring, buy, get, leave, lend, make, cook, teach, tell, write, read, return, ask, show等。

3)动词+宾语+宾语补足语，构成主谓复宾句型。有的动词必须在宾语后再加上形容词、副词、名词、不定式、-ing形式、介词短语等做宾语补足语，构成复合宾语，句子意思才能够表达完整。

例如：Please keep the door open. 请让门开着。(形容词open做宾补)

I often see the children play in the park。我经常看见孩子们在公园里玩。(不带to的不定式play做宾补)。

You can call me Mrs Jones.你们可以称呼我琼斯夫人。(名词Mrs Jones做宾补)

动词see, hear, watch, make, let, have, notice, find等经常以动词不定式或-ing形式做宾补。

2、不及物动词

1)不及物动词自身意思完整，无需再接宾语。

例如：Horses run fast。马儿跑得快。

He sings well. 他唱得好。

2)很多不及物动词也可以用作及物动词，还有的不及物动词后带上某个介词就成了带宾语的及物动词。

例如：They are reading. 他们在朗读。(read为不及物动词)

They are reading English. 他们在朗读英语。(read为及物动词)

He is waiting at the bus stop.他在公交车站等。(wait为不及物动词)

He is waiting for me at the bus stop.他在公交车站等我。(wait for为及物动词，带me做宾语)

初中英语语法之定语从句精选整理 4

宾语从句

一、定义

在句子中起宾语作用的从句叫做宾语从句。

二、连接词

that: I think that you can pass the exam.

Whether/if: I don’t know what the word means.

“Wh”: I don’t know what the word means.

I don’t know where he found the book.

只用whether的情况：

1. 与or not连用：

I don’t know whether it’s raining or not.

2. 与动词不定式连用：

He doesn’t know whether to accept the invitation.

3. 连接词前有介词时：

It depends on whether he is coming.

三、时态

1. 主句是一般现在时态，从句根据实际情况而定(各种时态均可)

he wants to know what he has done for the exam.

2.主句是一般过去时态，从句用相应的过去的时态。

1)She said that she was a student.

2)She said that she would fly to Japan in a week.

3)She said that she had finished her homework already.

3. 如果宾语从句说的是客观真理、自然现象或事实时，这时宾语从句要用一般现在时态。

The teacher said that the earth goes round the sun.

定语从句

一、定义

在复合句中修饰名词、代词的从句叫定语从句。

二、先行词

先行词指人 who /that

先行词指物 which/ that

定语从句一般紧跟被修饰的名词或代词(即先行词)后

三、关系代词

关系代词代替先行词在句子中担当成分，所以从句中不可再出现其他代替先行词的代词

四、翻译方法 “…. 的”

Whom: 先行词指人，则代替先行词在定语从句中充当宾语(包括介词的宾语), 与who的区别是如果前面带介词则必须用whom

1. This is the teacher whomwho we like best.

2. I don’t like the boy to whom you are talking.

Whose : 指人或物，作定语，表示 “…的”

eg: Harry is the boy whose mother is our math teacher.

关系代词只能 that 的特殊情况：

1.先行词前有序数词修饰时：

This is the first gift that my parents bought me.

2.先行词前有形容词最高级修饰时：

This is the most exciting film that I have ever seen.

3. 先行词是不定代词something, anything等时.

e.g. Is there anything that you want in this shop

4. 先行词是人和物时, 用that.

e.g. He talked about some writers and books that were unknown to us all.

5. 先行词被all , little , the only , the very(就是，正是), the last 等词修饰时,只能用that

e.g. This is the last place that I want to visit.

6. 特殊疑问句以who 或which 开头，只能用that引导.

Who is the girl that is making a speech on the platform?

当关系代词前使用介词时：

物+介词+which ; 人+ 介词 + whom

当关系代词前使用介词时：

e.g. 1. This is the train by which we went to Beijing.

2. This is the teacher to whom my mother is talking.

状语从句

一、定义

在复合句中由从句表示的状语称作状语从句，它可以用来修饰谓语(包括非谓语动词)、定语或状语，或是整个句子。

二、状语从句一般分为八大类

时间状语从句 地点状语从句

原因状语从句 目的状语从句

结果状语从句 条件状语从句

方式状语从句 让步状语从句

1. 时间状语从句

When ---当……时候, 通常指某一特定的时间点，主句与从句的动作同时发生。

When I opened the window, I saw him come up.

When --- 正在……的时候，突然…。通常主句是进行时或 be about to 时，在翻译的时候，when 可以译成没想到或突然。

I was walking along the street , when I met him.

When 当从句是进行时，主句是一般时，往往表示不满。

omeone knocked at the door when I was having breakfast.

When=after

When the children had gone to bed, she began to prepare her lessons.

While ---在……期间，往往指一段时间。

While we were inAmerica, we saw him twice.

While ---表示一种不满情绪，意思是这边在干某种重要的事，而另一边在享受等。

We are cleaning the classroom while they are playing the football.

As --- 一边……一边, 随着

he was doing her homework as she was listening to the music.

As --- 当……时，指一个动作紧接着一个动作发生，从句通常用进行时。

As I was going out, it began to rain.

The moment --- 一……就…… =as soon as , immediately,

---Did you remember to give Mary the money you owed her?

---Yes, I gave her the moment I saw her.

ot… until --- 直到……才

He didn’t leave the office until he finished the work.

efore --- 在……之前

The passengers should arrive at the airport an hour before the flight departs.

After --- 在…… 之后

The customer left the ticket counter after he had a quarrel with the ticket agent.

ince ---自从……, 通常主句用现在完成时

I have never been there again since I graduated from the university.

It is just a week since we arrived here.

As soon as --- 一……就……

Jack went to school as soon as he got well.

o sooner than --- 一……就……

o sooner… than… 用于句首要求倒装

Hardly …when…

carcely …when…

o sooner had he arrived than he went away again.

Once --- 一但……就……

Once you see him, you will never forget him.

Every time, each time 每次whenever 每当

Each time he came to town, he would visit our school.

2. 条件状语从句

引导状语从句的连接词有：

If如果, unless除非, as long as只要, As (so) far as --- 据……所知，in case万一, provided that假如, on condition that若是，以…为条件

If ---如果

If you don’t hurry up, you will miss the plane.

Unless --- 如果不, 除非=if not

We can’t get there on time unless we book the earliest flight

As long as --- 只要

We will succeed as long as we keep on trying.

As (so) far as --- 据……所知

As far as I know, he speaks English very well.

In case --- 假使, 如果

The plane cannot take off in case it rains.

rovided that 如果,有时省略 that

The plane will be in good condition provided that it is taken care of carefully.

On condition that --- 条件是…

He said that he would come to the meeting on condition that no one asked him to speak.

注:主从句的动作发生在将来时，则主句用将来时, 从句用一般现在时。

If he arrives tomorrow, I will be waiting for him at the airport.

3. 地点状语从句

地点状语从句只有两个连词: Where, wherever

Where --- 在……地方

Where there is a will, there is a way.

Wherever --- 无论哪里

Wherever you are, I will be right there waiting for you.

4. 原因状语从句

ecause, as, since, now that, 和considering that, seeing that 这六个连词都用于表示表示原因, 但在语气上一个比一个弱.

ecause --- 因为,通常从句放在主句后.

Mr Smith was very upset because he couldn’t find his luggage.

As --- 因为, 通常放在句首

As he is honest and modest, all his friends like him.

ince ---既然 因语气较弱, 常译为既然(众所周知的原因)

ince everybody has come, we can set off.

ow that --- 既然

ow that you are here, you can join us.

considering that --- 顾及到

Considering that they are just beginners, they are doing quite a good job.

eeing that --- 由于

eeing (that) quite a few people were absent, we decided to put the meeting off.

5. 结果状语从句

引导结果状语从句的连词有：that, so that, so…that…

uch…that So… that --- 太……以至于 so 后面应用形容词或副词, 有时省略so只用that

oeing 747 is so large that people like to call it jet bomb喷气炸弹.

o that --- 因而，以便，为了 有时so 可以省去

eak louder please so that the people at the back can hear you.

uch …that… ---太……以至于 用法与so…that相同，但such 后面应用名词。

The foreign visitor was such a fast speaker that nobody could understand him.

6. 目的状语从句

引导目的状语从句的主要连词有: that, so that, in order that, for fear that, lest

(So) that --- 以便, 从句中常常使用一些情态动词，如：can, could, may, might, should等

Let’s take the front seats (so) that we may see more clearly.

in order that --- 为了, 与so that 相同从句中常常使用一些情态动词，如：can, could, may, might, should等

chool was closed early in order that the children might go home ahead of the storm.

for fear that --- 生怕; 为了防止(某事发生)

He took the name down for fear that he should forget it.

in case --- 万一

You should bring a dictionary in case you need it.

Lest --- 以防万一

The man decided to tell his boss the fact lest he would be angry with him.

7. 让步状语从句

引导让步状语从句的连词有：Although, though, as, even if, even though, no matter, however, whatever, while, whether.

Although, though ---虽然 although 和though 可以互换，但although 常放在句首。Though可以用于倒装。

Although it was raining, the plane managed to take off.

Though he did his best, he didn’t succeed.

As --- 尽管 as 引导让步状语从句时，句子通常倒装。可与though 互换。

usy as he is, he never misses a football match.

Even if /even though ---即使

Even if you don’t like your boss, you should do your work.

However --- 不论， however 引导让步状语从句时，句子通常倒装

He couldn’t get there on time however fast he drove.

o matter (what, when, where, how) ---无论(什么，何时，何地，怎样)

He wouldn’t forgive me no matter how hard I begged him.

Whatever --- 不管

Whatever other people may say, she won’t change her mind.

While ---尽管

While I have sympathy for you, I can’t help you.

Whether ---不管，常与or not 连用

Whether he is good or not, the company decided to send him abroad.

8. 方式状语从句

方式状语从句常由: as, as if, as though

as ---与…… 一样

Do in Rome as the Romans do.

as if, as though --- 仿佛, 由as if或 as though引导的从句中可用虚拟语气

he stood at the door as if (=as though) she were waiting for someone.

初中英语语法之定语从句精选整理 5

1. 冠词概述：冠词是虚词，本身不能单独使用，也没有词义，它用在名词的前面，帮助指明名词的含义。

2. 冠词的种类：英语中的冠词有三种，一种是定冠词，另一种是不定冠词，还有一种是零冠词。

3. 不定冠词的用法

不定冠词a (an)与数词one 同源，是"一个"的意思。a用于辅音音素前，一般读作[e]，而an则用于元音音素前，一般读做[en]。

1) 表示"一个"，意为one;

2) 代表一类人或物。

A knife is a tool for cutting with.

Mr. Smith is a doctor.

3) 词组或成语。

a little / a few / a lot / a type of / a great many / many a / in a hurry / in a minute / in a word / in a short while / after a while / have a cold / have a try / keep an eye on /

4. 定冠词的用法

定冠词the与指示代词this，that同源，有"那(这)个"的意思，但较弱，可以和一个名词连用，来表示某个或某些特定的人或东西。它有以下意义：

1)特指双方都明白的人或物：定冠词the与指示代词this，that同源，有"那(这)个"的意思，但较弱，可以和一个名词连用，来表示某个或某些特定的人或东西。

1)特指双方都明白的人或物： Take the umbrella. 带上伞。

2)上文提到过的人或事： He bought a book. I've read the book.

他买了一本书。我看过那本书。

3)指世上独一物二的事物： the sun， the sky， the moon， the earth

4)单数名词连用表示一类事物，如：the dollar 美元; the fox 狐狸;或与形容词或分词连用，表示一类人：the rich 富人; the living 活着的人。

5)用在序数词和形容词最高级，及形容词only，very，same等前面：

Where do you live? I live on the second floor. 你住在哪?我住在二层。

That's the very thing I've been looking for. 那正是我要找的东西。

6)用在表示身体部位的名词前： She caught me by the hand. 她抓住了我手。

7)用在某些由普通名词构成的国家名称、机关团体、阶级、等专有名词前：

the People's Republic of China 中华人民共和国 the United States 美国

8)用在表示乐器的名词之前： She plays the piano. 她会弹钢琴。

9) 用在姓氏的复数名词之前，表示一家人： the Greens 格林一家人 (或格林夫妇)

10) 用在惯用语中：

in the day, in the morning (afternoon，evening)， the day after tomorrow

the day before yesterday, the next morning, in the sky (water，field，country) in the dark, in the rain, in the distance, in the middle (of)， in the end, by the way, go to the theatre

5.零冠词的用法

1) 国名，人名前通常不用冠词：England，Mary;

2)泛指的复数名词，表示一类人或事物时，可不用定冠词; They are teachers.

3)抽象名词表示一般概念时，通常不加冠词; Failure is the mother of success. 失败乃成功之母。

2)在季节、月份、节日、 假日、日期、星期等表示时间的名词之前，不加冠词;

We go to school from Monday to Friday.

3)在三餐、球类运动和娱乐运动的名称前，不加冠词

4) 当by 与火车等交通工具连用中间无冠词;by bus，by train;

5)有些个体名词不用冠词;如： school，college，prison，market，hospital，bed，table，class， town，church，court 等个体名词，直接置于介词后，表示该名词的深层含义，

如：go to hospital 去医院看病

go to the hospital 去医院 (并不是去看病，而是有其他目的)

6)不用冠词的序数词;

a. 序数词前有物主代词

. 序数词作副词 He came first in the race.

c. 在固定词组中 at (the) first, first of all, from first to last