初中英语语法之形容词副词大全推荐

名词，分为可数名词和不可数名词，这是我们在学习的时候最先掌握的一个分类。然而， 在学习运用中，对于一些不可数名词，我们还很困惑，常常被搞的身心俱疲。今天，小编就不可数名词的一些特殊用法，再进行一次总结。

初中英语语法之形容词副词大全推荐 1

一、 动词不定式

1、 构成：动词不定式基本形式为： to+动词原形。有些动词不定式不带to。

否定形式为：not (to)+动词原形。

2、功能及用法：

(1)、用作主语

多数情况用it作形式主语，把真正的主语——动词不定式置于句末，特别是不定式短语较长时。动词不定式作主语，谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。如：

For him, to talk with his mother is necessary.=It is necessary for him to talk with his mother.

(2)、用作表语

动词不定式作表语，常说明主语的内容、性质、特征。常可转换成主语。如：

The best way to improve your English is to join an English club.=To join an English club is the best way to improve your English.

(3)、用作宾语

★可以接带to的动词不定式作宾语的动词主要有：要求选择同意(ask, choose, agree)，期望决定学习(expect, hope, decide, learn)，宁可拒绝假装知道(prefer, refuse, pretend, know)，希望想要愿意(wish, want/need, would like / love)等。如：

We decided to talk to some students.

He prefers to eat white bread and rice.

★动词decide, know, learn, show, teach, tell…后可用“疑问词+to的不定式短语”作宾语，但why后面的不定式不带to。如：

Could you please tell me where to park my car?

★动词feel, find, make, think等后面，可以用it作形式宾语代替真正的宾语—动词不定式，句子结构是sb. feel / find / make / …+ it+adj. / n.+to do…如：

I find it difficult to remember everything.

★既可接动词不定式又可接v-ing形式作宾语，意思差别不太大的动词有begin, start, like, love等。如：

Then I started to watch English-language TV.

I like to eat vegetables.

★后接动词不定式或v-ing形式作宾语，意思差别较大的动词有forget, remember等。后接不定式作宾语，表动作尚未发生;后接ving形式作宾语，表动作已经发生。stop to do停下来做另外一件事;stop doing停止做、不做当前这件事。try to do尽力做，try doing试试看;go on to do接着做另外的事，go on doing继续做原来的事。如：

When I left home, I had forgotten to bring it with me.

I stopped using them last year.

(4)、用作定语

★句子的主语或宾语是动词不定式的逻辑主语，不定式与其所修饰的名词、代词等存在逻辑的动宾关系时，用动词不定式的主动式。如：

I have so much homework to do today.

It’s a good place to visit.

★作定语的不定式如果是不及物动词，且与所修饰的词之间有动宾关系，要在不定式后加适当的介词。如：

I need a room to live in.

(5)、用作补语

★在主、被动语态句里用带to的动词不定式作补语的动词主要有：要求允许提议(ask, allow, advise)，期望邀请鼓励(expect, suppose, invite, encourage)，教导告诉想要(teach, tell, want)，等待希望愿意(wait for, wish, would like / love)。如：

he asked me not to speak Chinese in English class.

★下列动词，多数动词是感官动词和使役动词，当动词不定式作补语时，在主动语态句里不带to，被动语态句里要将省略的to补上。包括四“看”：look at, observe, see, watch，三“让”：have, let, make，二“听”：hear, listen to，一“感觉”：feel，一“注意”：notice。如：

This picture makes me feel tense! I was made to say sorry to him.

★help后接动词不定式作补语，to可带可不带。如：

Using email English helps you write quickly.

★be said, be sure, happen, seem等后面可以接带to的动词不定式作主语的补语。如：

He doesn’t seem to have many friends.

e sure not to miss them if they come to a city near you.

(6)、用作状语， 其逻辑主语要和句子的主语一致。

★目的状语，置于句首或句末，置于句首时常表示强调。如：

A group of young people came here to(in order to) discuss this question.

★原因状语，多见于“sb.+be+adj.+to do…”结构句中。如：

I’m sorry to trouble you. I’m glad to see you.

★结果状语，多见于“too…to”，“enough to…”结构句中。如：

Then I’m too tired to do well. What should I do?

The room needs to be big enough for three people to live in.

★独立动词不定式多用作插入语，表示说话人的心理状态或对事情的看法。如：

To be honest, I only eat food that tastes good.

To begin with, she spoke too quickly, and I couldn’t understand every word.

(7)、动词不定式的复合结构

动词不定式的复合结构是“for / of sb. to do sth.”，for / of引出不定式动作的逻辑主语。这种结构在句子中可以作主语、宾语、表语、定语、状语等。

不定式复合结构作主语时，需注意：

It’s + 形容词 + for / of + sb + to do sth. for前面的形容词是dangerous, difficult, easy, hard, heavy, important, interesting, necessary等，一般说明不定式动作的特性，不说明人的特性。如： It’s dangerous for children to swim in the river.

当上面的形容词指的是sb的性质时，用介词of。这些形容词往往修饰人：careful, clever, foolish, good, kind, nice, wise,bad, polite, careless

如：It’s very nice of you to say so.

(8)、带疑问词的不定式短语

动词不定式前面可以带疑问代词what, which, who或疑问副词how, when, where, why等。这种结构起名词的作用，在句子里用作宾语、主语、表语等，或者单独使用。如：

I don’t know what to do next.

Where to go is not decided yet.

单独使用时相当于一个特殊疑问句，在复合句中则可变为一个从句。

What to do next? =What will we / you do next?

Can you tell me how to do that?=Can you tell me how I should do that?

(9)、动词不定式的否定式

不定式的否定式是not to do…，不带to的不定式的否定式是not do…如：

ometimes they decide not to talk to each other.

(10)常见的与不定式连用的词组和句型。

Why not do…?=Why don’t you do …? had better (not) do …

would rather do … prefer to do rather than do

Could/Would/Will you please…? It takes sb +时间/金钱+ to do sth.

It’ s time to do… It’ s one’s turn to…

如： Why not take a holiday?

It takes me an hour to walk there.

二、 动名词

1、构成： 动词原形+ing

2、功能及用法：

动名词除具有动词的性质外，还具有名词的性质。动名词在句中可用作主语、表语、宾语、定语、宾语补足语等，但不能用作谓语。

(1)。用作主语， 谓语动词用单数。如：

Eating too much is bad for your health.

注意：动名词作主语经常采用it作形式主语的句型。

It’s no use crying. 哭没有什么用处。

(2)。用作表语，可转换成主语。如：

Her favorite sport is skating. =Skating is her favorite sport.

注意：不定式和动名词均可用作主语和表语，区别是：动名词多指笼统的、抽象的概念，而不定式则多指具体的、一次性的动作。

(3)。用作宾语，放在动词或介词之后。如：

he likes singing and dancing.

Thank you for helping us.

(4)。用作定语，位于所修饰词之前，表示所修饰的词的用途、所属关系等。如：

This is our reading room.

etty won the first prize in the singing competition.

★英语中，某些动词(或形容词)只能与ing形式即动名词连用。

一直忙于练习，(keep, be busy，practice,)

想要继续完成，(feel like, keep on, finish，)

习惯期待花费，(be used to, look forward to, spend)

介意考虑放弃，(mind, consider, give up)

禁不住麻烦怎么样(can’t help, have trouble/problems (in)， what/how about)

建议喜欢开心 (suggest , enjoy, have fun )

★还有一些结构：

do+some+doing 如： do some cooking/ shopping / cleaning/ washing/ reading/

go+doing 如： go shopping/ fishing / swimming/ skating/ boating/ hiking / sightseeing

o use (good) doing sth 做……没用 如： It’s no good complaining.

without+dong sth 没有做…… 如：。 She kept sitting there without talking to anybody.

o+dong …禁止，不准 如：No parking!

ay attention to doing sth 注意做某事 如： You must pay attention to protecting him。

ut one’s effort into doing sth 全力以赴做某事

如：If you put your effort into learning English, you will improve it.

三、 分词

考点聚焦

1、构成：英语中的分词有两种：现在分词和过去分词。及物动词的现在分词由“动词+ing”构成，表示正在进行和主动意义。过去分词基本形式是“动词+ed”，表示已经完成和被动意义，但也有不规则形式。

2、功能及用法

(1)。作定语 分词可用来修饰名词或代词，并和所修饰的词在逻辑上有主谓关系。

前置定语 如： What exciting news it is!

后置定语 如： Do you know the girl sitting under the tree?

There comes a girl dressed in red.

(2)。作表语 分词作表语，相当于形容词。现在分词作表语通常表示主语所具有的性质或特征，含有“令人……的”意思。过去分词作表语多表示主语所处的情形或状态，含有“某人感到……的”意思。如：

The story was very interesting . I was interested in the movie.

(3)。作补语

现在分词作宾语补足语，宾语和现在分词(主动意义)有逻辑上的主谓关系。过去分词作补足语，宾语和过去分词 (被动意义)有逻辑上的动宾关系。

分词通常用在see，hear, watch，notice，feel，find等感官动词或have，get，make等使役动词的宾语之后，补充说明宾语的动作或状态。过去分词在动词have，get之后作宾语补足语时，常常表示这动作不是由主语完成的，而是由别人完成的。如：

I found the boy crying in the corner. (主谓关系，正在进行)

I want to have my hair cut/ have my bike repaired/ get my ears pierced. (被动)

★现在分词和不定式作宾语补足语在意义上有所不同。现在分词作宾语补足语，表示动作正在进行，即动作处在发生过程中，还没有结束;而不定式作宾语补足语表示经常性的动作或动作的全过程。如：

I saw him going out. (分词，正在发生)

I see him go out every day. (不定式，经常性动作)

I heard him knock three times.是的，我听见他敲了三下。(不定式，全过程)

(4)。作状语，表时间、原因、伴随、结果、让步、方式等。

现在分词作状语，一般句子主语就是分词的主语。

eeing the teacher entering the room，the students stood up.(= When the students saw the teacher entering the room，they stood up.)(时间状语，主动)

ot knowing what to do about it，I asked my teacher for advice.(原因状语，主动)

The teaher came in, followed by his students.(伴随状语，被动)

初中英语语法之形容词副词大全推荐 2

1. 并列结构中，and用于肯定句，or通常用于否定句表示“和，与”之意。

There are some students and teachers on the playground.

There is no air or water in the moon.

---I don’t like chicken ___ fish.

---I don’t like chicken, ___ I like fish very much.

A. and; and  B. and; but 

C. or; but  D. or;and

答案C。否定句中表并列用or, but 表转折。

2. or用在选择疑问句中，意为“或者，还是”。例如：

Is he a doctor or a teacher?

他是医生还是教师?

Did you do your homework or watch TV last night?

你昨晚做作业还是看电视了?

Are they singing or reading English?

他们是在唱歌还是在读英语?

3. or在句型“祈使句+or+陈述句”中，表示在以祈使句为条件下的相反假设，or意为“否则，要不然”。例如：

Work hard,or you will fall behind.

你要努力学习，否则会落后。

I must work hard, or I'll fail in the exam.

我要努力学习，否则考试要不及格了。

4. either…or 意思为"或者……或者……"。注意谓语动词的主谓一致采用就近原则。例如：

Either you or I am right.

不是你对，就是我对。

5. or在“either…or…”结构中，意为“要么……要么……”。连结的并列成份可在句中作主语、表语、谓语、宾语等。例如：

Either she or I am right.

不是她对就是我对。(连接主语)

The shoes in the shop were either too big or too small for me.

店里的鞋对我来说不是太大就是太小(连接表语)

He either does his homework or watches TV on Sundays.

他星期天要么做作业，要么看电视。(连接谓语)

We play either football or basketball in the afternoon.

下午我们不是踢足球就是打篮球。(连接宾语)

6. or表示不确切、模糊的陈述。例如：

This story happened five or six years ago.

这个故事发生在四、五年前。

Is the street straight? More or less.

这棵树直吗?差不多。

he will find that she was wrong sooner or later.

她迟早会发现她是错的

初中英语语法之形容词副词大全推荐 3

1.方式状语从句常由(just)as(像…)，as if/though(好像)引导，表示动作的方式。

如：Do exactly as the doctor says.一定要按照大夫的话去做。

He walked slowly as if/though he had hurt his leg.他慢慢地走着，仿佛是腿受了伤。

注：在非正式问题中有时会用like代替as引导方式从句。

2.as if/though引导的状语从句，若描述非事实情况，常用虚拟语气，若描述的是实际情况，用陈述语气。

如：She treats the orphan as if/though he was her own child.她对待孤儿就像是她自己的孩子一样。(他是孤儿，当然就不是她亲生孩子，故用虚拟语气。)

It looks as if/though it’s going to rain.看起来天像是要下雨了。(本句用的是陈述语气，说明天真象是要下雨了。)

初中英语语法之形容词副词大全推荐 4

1、 当主句为一般现在时或一般将来时的时候，从句可以根据需要选择相应的时态，不受主句的影响;主句为一般过去时，从句要用相应的过去时态。例如：

I want to know what time he ate his breakfast.

我想知道他今天早晨几点钟吃早饭的。

They will tell us that they have been able to look after themselves.

他们将会告诉我们他们已经能照顾自己了。

I asked what my father was doing then.

我问那时我爸爸在干什么?

2、 当宾语从句表述的是客观真理或自然现象是，宾语从句的时态不受主句的时态的影响，仍然用一般现在时。如：

He said the moon moves round the earth.

他说月亮围着地球转。

he asked whether light travels faster than sound.

她问光速是否比声速快。

初中英语语法之形容词副词大全推荐 5

一、概说

连词是一种虚词，用于连接单词、短语、从句或句子，在句子中不单独用作句子成分。连词按其性质可分为并列连词和从属连词。并列连词用于连接并列的单词、短语、从句或句子，如and, but, or, for等;从属连词主要引出名词性从句(主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句等)和状语从句(时间状语从句、条件状语从句、目的状语从句等)，引出名词性从句的连词如that,whether等，引出状语从句的连词如when, because,since, if 等。

二、并列连词的用法

1. 表示转折关系的并列连词。这类连词主要有 but, yet 等。

omeone borrowed my pen, but I don't remember who.

有人借了我的钢笔，但我不记得是谁了。

He said he was our friend, yet he wouldn't help us.

他说他是我们的朋友，但却不肯帮助我们。

2. 表示因果关系的并列连词。

这类连词主要有 for, so 等。

The child had a bad cough, so his mother took him to the doctor.

这孩子咳得很利害，所以他妈妈带他去看医生。

You are supposed to get rid of carelessness, for it often leads to serious errors.

你们一定要克服粗枝大叶，因为粗枝大叶常常引起严重的错误。

注意：for表示结果通常不能放句首，也不能单独使用。

3. 表示并列关系的并列连词。

这类连词主要有 and , or , either…or , neither…nor , not only…but (also) ,both…and , as well as 等。

He didn't go and she didn't go either.

他没去，她也没去。

The weather is mild today; it is neither hot nor cold.

今天天气很温暖，不冷也不热。

oth New York and London have traffic problems.

纽约和伦敦都存在交通问题。

It is important for you as well as for me.

这对你和对我都很重要。

eople who are either under age or over age may not join the army.

年龄不到或者超龄的人都不得参军。

三、从属连词的用法

1. 引导时间状语从句的从属连词

(1) 表示“当…时候”或“每当”的时间连词。主要的 when,while, as, whenever。

如：

Don't talk while you're eating.

吃饭时不要说话。

Vegetables are best when they are fresh.

蔬菜新鲜时最好吃。

He came just as I was leaving.

我正要走时他来了。

(2) 表示“在……之前(或之后)”的时间连词。主要的有before, after。

Try to finish your work before you leave.

离开前设法把工作做完。

After we have finished tea, we will sit on the grass.

喝完茶之后我们将坐在草地上。

(3) 表示“自从”或“直到”的时间连词。主要的有since, until, till。

he's been playing tennis since she was eight.

她从八岁起就打网球了。

Hold on until I fetch help.

坚持一下，等我找人来帮忙。

ever trouble trouble till trouble troubles you.

(谚)不要无事惹事。

(4) 表示“一……就”的时间连词。主要的有as soon as, the moment, the minute, thesecond, theinstant, immediately, directly, instantly, once, no sooner…than,hardly…when等。

I'll let you know as soon as I hear from her.

我一接她的信就通知你。

The moment I have finished I'll give you a call.

我一干完就给你打电话。

I came immediately I heard the news.

我一听到这个消息，马上就来了。

Once you begin you must continue.

你一旦开始, 便不可停下来。

(5) 表示“上次”、“下次”、“每次”等的时间连词。主要的有every time(每次)，eachtime(每次)，(the) nexttime(下次)，any time(随时)，(the) last time(上次)，the firsttime(第一次)。I'll tell him about it (the) next time I see him.

我下一次见到他时，我就把这个情况告诉他。

We lose a few skin cells every time we wash our hands.

每当我们洗手的时候，我们都要损失一些皮肤细胞。

You can call me any time you want to.

你随时都可以给我打电话。

注意：every time, each time, any time前不用冠词，(the) next time, (the) last time中的冠词可以省略，而the first time中的冠词通常不能省略。

2. 引导条件状语从句的从属连词。

这类连词主要有if,unless, as [so] long as, in case 等。Do you mind if I open the window?

我开窗你不介意吧?

Don't come unless I telephone.

除非我打电话，否则你别来。

As long as you're happy, it doesn't matter what youdo.

只要你高兴，你做什么都没关系。

In case it rains they will stay at home.

万一下雨，他们就呆在家里。

注意：在条件状语从句中，通常要用一般现在时表示将来意义，而不能直接使用将来时态。不过，有时表示条件的 if之后可能用 will，但那不是将来时态, 而是表示意愿或委婉的请求(will为情态动词)。

If you will sit down for a few moments, I'll tell the manager you're here

请稍坐, 我这就通知经理说您来了。

3. 引导目的状语从句的从属连词。

主要的有 in order that, so that, in case, for fear等。

He raised his voice so that everyone could hear.

他提高了嗓音，以便每个人都能听见。

Take your umbrella (just) in case it rains.

带上雨伞，以防下雨。

he repeated the instructions slowly in order that he should understand.

她把那些指示慢慢重复了一遍好让他听明白。

4. 引导结果状语从句的从属连词。

主要的有so that, so…that, such…that等。

I went to the lecture early so that I got a good seat.

我去听演讲去得很早, 所以找个好座位。

I had so many falls that I was black and blue all over.

我摔了许多跤，以致于全身都是青一块紫一块的。

He shut the window with such force that the glass broke.

他关窗子用力很大, 结果玻璃震破了。

5. 引导原因状语从句的从属连词。

主要的有because, as, since, seeing (that), now (that), considering(that) 等。

He distrusted me because I was new.

他不信任我，因为我是新来的。

As you are sorry, I'll forgive you.

既然你悔悟了，我就原谅你。

ince we've no money, we can't buy it.

由于我们没钱，我们无法购买它。

eeing that he's ill he's unlikely to come.

因为他病了，他大概不会来了。

ow that she has apologized, I am content.

既然她已经道了歉, 我也就满意了。

6. 引导让步状语从句的从属连词。

主要的有although,though, even though, even if, while, however,whatever,whoever, whenever, wherever等。

Although they are twins, they look entirely different.

他们虽是孪生, 但是相貌却完全不同。

I like her even though she can be annoying.

尽管她有时很恼人, 但我还是喜欢她。

You won't move that stone, however strong you are.

不管你力气多大, 也休想搬动那块石头。

Whatever we have achieved, we owe to your support.

我们取得的一切成就都归功于你们的支持。

Whoever you are, you can't pass this way.

不管你是谁，你都不能从这里通过。

Whenever I see him I speak to him.

每当我见到他，我都和他讲话。

7. 引导方式状语从句的从属连词。

主要的有as, as if, as though, the way等。

Why didn't you catch the last bus as I told you to?

你怎么不听我的话赶乘末班公共汽车呢?

He bent the iron bar as if it had been made of rubber.

他将铁棍折弯，仿佛那是用橡皮做成的。

obody else loves you the way(=as) I do.

没有人像我这样爱你。

8. 引导地点状语从句的从属连词。

主要的有where, wherever, everywhere, anywhere等。

The church was built where there had once been a Roman temple.

这座教堂盖在一座罗马寺庙的旧址。

I'll take you anywhere you like.

你想到哪儿我就带你到哪儿。

Everywhere I go, I find the same thing.

不管我走到哪里，我都发现同样情况。

9. 引导比较状语从句的从属连词。

主要的有than和as…as。

he was now happier than she had ever been.

现在她比过去任何时候都快活。

I glanced at my watch. It was earlier than I thought.

我看了看表，时间比我想像的早。

He doesn't work as hard as she does.

他工作不像她那样努力。

10. 引起名词从句的从属连词。

主要有that, whether, if 等，它们用于引导主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句和同位语从句。其中that 不仅没不充当句子成分，而且没有词义，在句子中只起连接作用;而 if,whether 虽不充当句子成分，但有词义，即表示“是否”。

He replied that he was going by train.

他回答说他将坐火车去。

I wonder if it's large enough.

我不知道它是否够大。

I worry about whether I hurt her feelings.

我为是否伤了她的感情而担心。