英语语法的重要性参考精选
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英语语法的重要性参考精选 1
(一) some 的用法
(1)some 通常指不定数量“一些”修饰代替可数名词复数或不可数名词,即可以指人,又可以指物。常用在肯定句中。
e.g. He has some Chinese paintings.
Some like sports, others like music.
(2)some 也可以用在表示“请求,建议,反问”的句子中,期待得到对方的肯定回答。
e.g. Would you like some coffee?
Didn’t he give you some books?
(3) some 有时可以修饰单数可数名词,表示“某个”
e.g. This morning, some boy asked for you.
There must be some reason for what he’s done.
(4) some 也可以修饰数词,表示“大约”
e.g. It took me some twenty days to get there.
(二) any 的用法
(1)不定代词any和some一样表示不定数量“一些”,修饰和代替可数名词复数和不可数名词,既可指人又可指物。但一般用在否定句、疑问句,条件从句中。
e.g. Ask me if you have any questions?
Do you have any questions to ask?
I don't know any of the students.
Do you have any questions? If you have any, don' t hesitate to ask me.
There isn't any tea left. I'll go and make some for you.
(2)用于肯定句中,表示“任何—个”,修饰单数可数名词和不可数名词。
e.g. I don't know any of you.
Any child can answer that question.
(三) no的用法
(1)不定代词no只有形容词性质.—般作定浯来构成否定句,表示“不是”、“没有"’。
(2)用于警告、命令等。
e.g. No Parking!
(3)修饰表语时,有特殊的意思。试比较:
e.g. I am no teacher.
I am not a teacher.
(四)none的用法
none只具有名词性质,可以代替人和事物,表示“三者(以上)都不”,“没有一个人(一件事物)。做主语时,如果谈到的是所有人的情况,动词多用复数形式;如果谈每个人的状况,则多用单数形式。它在句中还可充当同位语。
e.g. None of us are / is afraid of difficulties.
None of them has a bike.
None of the machines is/ are working.
We none of us can sing this song.
none和neither的区别
none表示“在三个或三个以上当中,没有人或物..."
而neither指“在两个当中,没有人或物”。
e.g.None of the students has ever read the book.
Neither of my parents has ever read me book.
(五) both的用法
both 的意思是“两个都”, 具有名词和形容词的性质,可做主语、宾语、同位语和定语。做主语时谓语动词用复数
eg
Both would like to have a try.
Both are very honest.
We asked both to put forward their suggestions.
These two pictures are very beautiful. I like both.
Give us some bread. We both want to try a bit.
They both skate well.
You can take both of them.
Both men were interested in the job.
a.both后常跟of短语,of+名词,代词(复数),接复数名词时of常省略,接复数代词时of则不省略。
Both(of)the films were very good.
Both of them are good teachers.
b.both在句中还用做同位语,其位置取决于谓语动词的形式。
(1)做主语同位语时,如谓语为实义动词(包括用做实义动词的have),both位于主语之后、谓语动词之前。
We both had a haircut.我俩都理了发。
(2)如谓语部分为系动词,both则位于系动词之后和表语之前。
The children were both too young.
(3)如谓语是含有助动词或情态动词的短语,both则位于助动词或
情态动词之后。
My parents have both been invited.
You must both come over some evening.
They told us both to wait.
I've met them both before.
(六) all的用法
(1)当all做主语时,常代表三个以上的人,谓语动词用复数形式;指事物或情况时。往往表示“—切”、“所有的”意思,常被看作单数意义,谓语动词用单数形式。当 all做定语时,既可修饰可数名词,也可修饰不可数名词 。all具有名词和形容词性质,常表示“全体”、“所有的”、“一切”的意思;在句中可用做主语、宾语、表语、定语、同位语或状语。
e.g. All are here.
All is known.
She has told me all about it.
Bill visited all of us.
That's all.
Is that all you can help me?
All the apples in that box go bad.
They have all gone to America.
We all want to have a try.
He is all excited.
She was all wet.
(2)当all用做主语时,如果后面跟有人称代词。须在它们之间加上of;如果后面跟的是名词,它们之间可 of,也可不加。
e.g. All of them are from Beijing.
All (of) the books are here.
(3)当all做同位语时.它在句中的位置随谓语动词而定。当谓语动词是实义动词时,all放在动词前面;谓语动词是be时.all放在be后面;谓语是由情态动词或助动词加实义动词组成时,all放在它们之间。
e.g. They all know the answer.
They are all students.
You can all go home.
(4) 当all 用做人称代词宾语的同位语时,all 放在宾语后面。如 you all, them all, us all
e.g. I’ll have to think about them all again.
(七) each 的用法
each具有名词和形容词的性质,在句中可用做主语、定语、宾语和同位语。指每个人或事物的个别情况,相当于汉语的“各个”
e.g. Each of the boys has a bike.
There are flowers on each side of the river.
Two men came can I gave a book to each.
The teacher gave the pupils four textbooks each.
We each have a new school bag now.
英语语法的重要性参考精选 2
在英文中,有两种定语从句:限定性定语从句与非限定性定语从句。这两种定语从句在其功能和形式方面都有明显的区别:
限定性定语从句限定性定语从句与主句的关系很紧奏,对其先行词起限定、修饰的作用。如果将其去掉,会影响句子意思的完整性;有时甚至于引起费解、误解。例如:
Rainforests are being cleared for valuable timber and other resources to speed up the economic growth of the nationsin which they are located .
为了加速他们各自所在国家的经济发展,热带雨林作为有价值的原木和其他资源正为人们所砍伐。
Ocean currents affect the climates of the lands near which they flow.
洋流影响其流经的附近地区的气候。
They explained the reason to us why they had hated us before.
他们向我们解释为什么他们不喜欢我们的原因。
非限定性定语从句非限定性定语从句在形式上就与主句很松散,它与主句之间有一个逗点“,”隔开;它对其先行词没有限定、修饰的作用,只起补充、说明的作用。有时也用它来对全句进行补充、说明。即使将其去掉,也不会影响句子意思。由于上述原因,非限定性定语从句在表达意思方面也有别于限定性定语从句。另外,非限定性定语从句在中文译文里,我们往往将其作为一个分句处理,而不把它作定语翻译。 例如:Earlier , the Babylonians had attempted to map the world , but they presented it in the form of a flattened disc rather than a sphere , which was the form adopted by Ptolemy .
(此句中,非限定性定语从句是对先行词a sphere进行补充、说明。)
更早之前,巴比伦人曾试图绘制世界地图,但是他们把它绘制成平盘状而不是托勒密所采用的球体状。
The combination of satellites, which transmit information , computers , which store information , and television , which displays information , will change every home into an education and entertainment center .
(此句中,三个非限定性定语从句分别对三个先行词:satellites ,computers和television进行补充、说明。如果去掉这三个非限定性定语从句,那么句子可简化为:
The combination of satellites , computers and television will change every home into an education and entertainment center .)卫星能传输信息,计算机能储存信息,电视能显示信息,把这些手段结合起来可以使每个家庭都成为教育娱乐的中心。
The sun heats the earth , which makes it possible for plants to grow .(此句中,非限定性定语从句是对全句进行补充、说明,将全句表达的意思看成“一件事情)。太阳给予大地热,这就使植物的生长成为可能。
The old man has a son , who is in the army .(此句中,非限定性定语从句是对先行词son进行补充、说明。但本句所传达的信息是:“这位老人只有一个儿子” 。如果将此句改写成限定性定语从句:
The old man has a son who is in the army . 那位老人有一个在部队工作的儿子。那么,限定性定语从句就要对先行词son进行限定、修饰。这样一来,句子所传达的信息就变成了:“这位老人有一个儿子在部队工作,还有其他的儿子在干别的工作”。)那位老人有一个儿子,他在部队工作。
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限定性定语从句与非限定性定语从句的区别
a) 非限定性定语从句和主句的关系不十分密切,朗读时先行词部分一般用降调并稍做
停顿,书写的时候多半用逗号分开。
b) 非限定性定语从句能够修饰整个句子,限定性定语从句则不能。
c) 非限定性定语从句与限定性定语从句的含义不一样,限定性定语从句是确指,而非
限定性定语从句是泛指。
d) 先行词为专有名词或者具有特指对象的名词时,一般要用到非限制性定语从句。
e) 在非限定性定语从句中,现行词指人的时候,关系代词只能是who,whom,不能用
that;先行词指物的时候,关系代词只能用which, 不能用that。
英语语法的重要性参考精选 3
今日,从语法角度出发,在新三中,我们来看看语法是怎么呈现的。
我们随意看一句:
The silence was suddenly broken 【when a large car, (with its headlights on and its horn blaring), roared down the arcade.】
宁静突然被打破,一辆大轿车亮着前灯,响着喇叭,呼啸着冲进了拱廊街,在珠宝店门口停了下来。
该句来自于新三第六课。
双线部分是句子主干,when引导的是时间状语从句,时间状语从句当中,主谓被分隔了,前后句子在一起应该是when a large car roared down the arcade,译为“当一辆大轿车呼啸着冲进了拱廊街”。而中间的with结构我们通常会直接广义地称之为“介词短语”,精细地讲,其实这是著名的却少人应用的高级语法-“独立主格”结构。
为什么要这么写?我们不妨想象一下这个情景,当故事的主角儿--一辆大轿车,在呼啸着开进来的时候,作者为了更加全面细致地描写,需要再来几个配角去陪衬汽车,这两个配角就是“its headlights”和”its horn”,他们作为“配角”所做的动作分别是“正亮着”和“正响着”,对应的非谓语动词分别是on和blaring。
根据“独立主格”结构可写出“…a large car roared down the arcade,with its headlights on and its horn blaring.”这个句子,最后为了句子结构更加地道和优美,再灵活地调整一下“独立主格”的位置,把它提前,在从句的主谓之间,便最终成就了这样一个完美优雅的句子--“a large car, (with its headlights on and its horn blaring), roared down the arcade.”
而同样,新三第60课,“The girl,( tears streaming down her face), begged to be allowed to slip into the guard's van.”
女孩泪流满面,央求让她不声不响地到押车员车厢里去算了。”
双线部分是句子主干,tears那一句依然是独立主格结构,该句动作是“streaming流淌”。为什么这个独立主格与上一句不一样?为什么with在这里没有出现?那是因为在独立主格结构中,with可以省略。
一个独立主格,使得整句话变得立体丰富,格调超众。
你看看,这么优美的句子如果出现在你的作文里,你何愁不高分?
英语语法的重要性参考精选 4
动名词doing
动名词相当于名词,在句子中可以做主语、宾语、表语、定语等。
1、作主语
Fighting broke out between the South and the North。
南方与北方开战了。
2、作宾语
Would you mind turning down your radio a little, please?
请问你介意调小一点收音机的音量吗?
3、作表语
Babysister’s job is washing,cooking and taking care of the children。
保姆的工作是洗衣服,作饭和照看孩子。
4、做定语
a washing machine 一台洗衣机
used to 的用法
used to 意为过去常常做某事。
1、肯定句:used这个词没有人称的变化,to后面接动词原形。
否定句是didn’t use to…。
When I was a child, I didn’t use to like apples。
当我还是孩子的时候我不喜欢苹果。
疑问形式是Did you use to…?
Where did you use to live before you came here?
当你来这儿之前你住哪儿?
2、含有used to 的句子的反意疑问句不要usedn’t + 主语,而用didn’t + 主语。
—He used to smoke, didn’t he?
—他过去常常吸烟,是吗?
Yes, he did。/ No, he didn’t。
是的,他吸。/ 不,他不吸。
英语语法的重要性参考精选 5
1、 意为“在...旁”,“靠近”。
Some are singing and dancing under a big tree。 Some are drawing by the lake。
有的在大树下唱歌跳舞。有的在湖边画画儿。
2、意为“不迟于”,“到...时为止”。
Your son will be all right by supper time。
你的儿子在晚饭前会好的。
How many English songs had you learned by the end of last term?
到上个学期末你们已经学了多少首英语歌曲?
3、表示方法、手段,可译作“靠”、“用”、“凭借”、“通过”、“乘坐”等。
The monkey was hanging from the tree by his tail and laughing。
猴子用尾巴吊在树上哈哈大笑。
The boy’s father was so thankful that he taught Edison how to send messages by railway telegraph。
孩子的父亲是那么的感激,于是他教爱迪生怎样通过铁路电报来传达信息。
4、表示“逐个”,“逐批”的意思。
One by one they went past the table in the dark。
他们一个一个得在黑暗中经过这张桌子。
5、表示“根据”,“按照”的意思。
What time is it by your watch?
你的表几点了?
6、和take , hold等动词连用,说明接触身体的某一部分。
I took him by the hand。
我拉住了他的手。
7、用于被动句中,表示行为主体,常译作“被”、“由”等。
English is spoken by many people。
英语被许多人说。(即“许多人讲英语。”)
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