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八年级上册英语语法表大全整理

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  情态动词是中国英语学习者的难点,情态动词误用也是中国英语学习者最常犯的四大错误之一。不过,从现在开始,所有有缘看到这篇文章的朋友,从此将再没有情态动词使用上的烦恼。小编在这里整理了相关知识,快来学习学习吧!

八年级上册英语语法表大全整理 1

  (一) some 的用法

  (1)some 通常指不定数量“一些”修饰代替可数名词复数或不可数名词,即可以指人,又可以指物。常用在肯定句中。

  e.g. He has some Chinese paintings.

  Some like sports, others like music.

  (2)some 也可以用在表示“请求,建议,反问”的句子中,期待得到对方的肯定回答。

  e.g. Would you like some coffee?

  Didn’t he give you some books?

  (3) some 有时可以修饰单数可数名词,表示“某个”

  e.g. This morning, some boy asked for you.

  There must be some reason for what he’s done.

  (4) some 也可以修饰数词,表示“大约”

  e.g. It took me some twenty days to get there.

  (二) any 的用法

  (1)不定代词any和some一样表示不定数量“一些”,修饰和代替可数名词复数和不可数名词,既可指人又可指物。但一般用在否定句、疑问句,条件从句中。

  e.g. Ask me if you have any questions?

  Do you have any questions to ask?

  I don't know any of the students.

  Do you have any questions? If you have any, don' t hesitate to ask me.

  There isn't any tea left. I'll go and make some for you.

  (2)用于肯定句中,表示“任何—个”,修饰单数可数名词和不可数名词。

  e.g. I don't know any of you.

  Any child can answer that question.

  (三) no的用法

  (1)不定代词no只有形容词性质.—般作定浯来构成否定句,表示“不是”、“没有"’。

  (2)用于警告、命令等。

  e.g. No Parking!

  (3)修饰表语时,有特殊的意思。试比较:

  e.g. I am no teacher.

  I am not a teacher.

  (四)none的用法

  none只具有名词性质,可以代替人和事物,表示“三者(以上)都不”,“没有一个人(一件事物)。做主语时,如果谈到的是所有人的情况,动词多用复数形式;如果谈每个人的状况,则多用单数形式。它在句中还可充当同位语。

  e.g. None of us are / is afraid of difficulties.

  None of them has a bike.

  None of the machines is/ are working.

  We none of us can sing this song.

  none和neither的区别

  none表示“在三个或三个以上当中,没有人或物..."

  而neither指“在两个当中,没有人或物”。

  e.g.None of the students has ever read the book.

  Neither of my parents has ever read me book.

  (五) both的用法

  both 的意思是“两个都”, 具有名词和形容词的性质,可做主语、宾语、同位语和定语。做主语时谓语动词用复数

  eg

  Both would like to have a try.

  Both are very honest.

  We asked both to put forward their suggestions.

  These two pictures are very beautiful. I like both.

  Give us some bread. We both want to try a bit.

  They both skate well.

  You can take both of them.

  Both men were interested in the job.

  a.both后常跟of短语,of+名词,代词(复数),接复数名词时of常省略,接复数代词时of则不省略。

  Both(of)the films were very good.

  Both of them are good teachers.

  b.both在句中还用做同位语,其位置取决于谓语动词的形式。

  (1)做主语同位语时,如谓语为实义动词(包括用做实义动词的have),both位于主语之后、谓语动词之前。

  We both had a haircut.我俩都理了发。

  (2)如谓语部分为系动词,both则位于系动词之后和表语之前。

  The children were both too young.

  (3)如谓语是含有助动词或情态动词的短语,both则位于助动词或

  情态动词之后。

  My parents have both been invited.

  You must both come over some evening.

  They told us both to wait.

  I've met them both before.

  (六) all的用法

  (1)当all做主语时,常代表三个以上的人,谓语动词用复数形式;指事物或情况时。往往表示“—切”、“所有的”意思,常被看作单数意义,谓语动词用单数形式。当 all做定语时,既可修饰可数名词,也可修饰不可数名词 。all具有名词和形容词性质,常表示“全体”、“所有的”、“一切”的意思;在句中可用做主语、宾语、表语、定语、同位语或状语。

  e.g. All are here.

  All is known.

  She has told me all about it.

  Bill visited all of us.

  That's all.

  Is that all you can help me?

  All the apples in that box go bad.

  They have all gone to America.

  We all want to have a try.

  He is all excited.

  She was all wet.

  (2)当all用做主语时,如果后面跟有人称代词。须在它们之间加上of;如果后面跟的是名词,它们之间可 of,也可不加。

  e.g. All of them are from Beijing.

  All (of) the books are here.

  (3)当all做同位语时.它在句中的位置随谓语动词而定。当谓语动词是实义动词时,all放在动词前面;谓语动词是be时.all放在be后面;谓语是由情态动词或助动词加实义动词组成时,all放在它们之间。

  e.g. They all know the answer.

  They are all students.

  You can all go home.

  (4) 当all 用做人称代词宾语的同位语时,all 放在宾语后面。如 you all, them all, us all

  e.g. I’ll have to think about them all again.

  (七) each 的用法

  each具有名词和形容词的性质,在句中可用做主语、定语、宾语和同位语。指每个人或事物的个别情况,相当于汉语的“各个”

  e.g. Each of the boys has a bike.

  There are flowers on each side of the river.

  Two men came can I gave a book to each.

  The teacher gave the pupils four textbooks each.

  We each have a new school bag now.

八年级上册英语语法表大全整理 2

  一般现在时

  1.概念:经常、反复发生的动作或行为及现在的某种状况。

  2.时间状语: Always, usually, often, sometimes, every week (day, year, month…) , once a week(day, year, month…), on Sundays,

  3.基本结构:动词 原形 (如主语为第三人称单数,动词上要改为第三人称单数形式)

  4.否定形式:主语+am/is/are +not+其他; 此时态的谓语动词若为行为动 词,则在其前加dont, 如主语为第三人称单数,则用doesnt,同时还原行为动词。

  5.一般疑问句:把be动词放于句首;用助动词do提问,如主语为第三人称单数,则用does,同时,还原行为动词。

  6.例句:It seldom snows here.这里很少下雪。

  He is always ready to help others.他总是乐于帮助别人。

  Action speaks louder than words.事实胜于雄辩。

  二、 一般过去时

  1.概念:过去某个时间里发生的动作或状态;过去习惯性、经常性的动作、行为。

  2.时间状语:ago, yesterday, the day before yesterday, last week, last(year, night, month…), in 1989, just now, at the age of 5, one day, long long ago, once upon a time, etc.

  3.基本结构:主语+动词或be的过去时+名词

  4.否定形式:主语+was/were +not+其他;在行为动词前加didnt,同时还原行为动词。

  5.一般疑问句:was或were放于句首;用助动词do的过去式did 提问,同时还原行为动词。

  6.例句:She often came to help us in t hose days.那些天她经常来帮助我们。

  I didnt know you were so busy.我不知道你是这么忙。

  三、 一般将来时

  1.概念:表示将要发生的动作或存在的状态及打算、计划或准备做某事。

  2.时间状语:Tomorrow, next day(week, month, year…),soon, in a few minutes, by…, the day after tomorrow, etc.

  3.基本结构:主语+am/is/are +going to + do+其它;主语+will/shall + do+其它

  4.否定形式:主语+am/is/are not going to do ;主语+will/shall not do+其它

  5.一般疑问句:be放于句首;will/shall提到句首。

  6.例句:They are going to have a competition with us in studies.他们将有一场比赛和我们一起研究。

  It is going to rain.天要下雨了。

  四、 一般过去将来时

  1.概念:立足于过去某一时刻,从过去看将来,常用于宾语从句中。

  2.时间状语:The next day (morning, year…),the following month(week…),etc.

  3.基本结构:主语+was/were +going to + do+其它;主语+would/should + do+其它

  4.否定形式:主语+was/were+not + going to + do; 主语+would/should + not + do.

  5.一般疑问句:was或were放于句首;would/should 提到句首。

  6.例句:He said he would go to Beijing the next day.他说他第二天要去北京。

  I asked who was going there.我问,谁要去那里。

  五、 现在进行时

  1.概念:表示现阶段或说话时正在进行的动作及行为。

  2.时间状语:Now, at this time, days, etc. look. listen

  3.基本结构:主语+be +doing +其它

  4.否定形式:主语+be +not +doing+其它

  5.一般疑问句:把be动词放于句首。

  6.例句:How are you feeling today?你今天感觉如何?

  He is doing well in his lessons.在课上他表现得很好。

  六、 过去进行时

  1.概念:表示过去某段时间或某一时刻正在发生或进行的行为或动作。 新$课$标$第$一$网

  2.时间状语:at this time yesterday, at that time或以when引导的谓语动词是一般过去时的时间状语等。

  3.基本结构 主语+was/were +doing +其它

  4.否定形式:主语+was/were + not +doing+其它

  5.一般疑问句:把was或were放于句首。(第一个字母大写)

  6.例句:At that time she was working in a PLA unit.那段时间她在人民解放军部队工作。

  When he came in, I was reading a newspaper.他进来时,我正在读报纸。

  七、 将来进行时

  1.概念:表示将来某一时间正在进行的 动作,或表示要在将来某一时间开始,并继续下去的动作。常用来表示询问、请求等。

  2.时间状语:Soon, tomorrow, this evening,on Sunday, by this time,in two days, tomorrow evening

  3.基本结构:主语+shall/will + be +现在分词+其它

  4.否定形式:主语+shall/will + not + be +现在分词+其它

  5.例句:This time next day they will be sitting in the cinema.下一天的这个时间,他们正坐在电影院。

  He won’t be coming to the party.他不去参加聚会了。

  八、 过去将来进行时

  1.概念:表示就过去某一时间而言,将来某一时刻或某一段时间正在进行的动作,主要用于宾语从句中,尤其多用于间接引语中。

  2.基本结构:should/would + be +现在分词

  3.例句:They said they would be coming.他们说了他们将要来。

  He said he could not com e because he would be having a meeting.他说他不能来因为要开会。

  九、 现在完成时

  1.概念:过去发生或已经 完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果,或从过去已经开始,持续到现在的动作或状态。

  2.时间状语:yet,already,just,never,ever,so far,by now,since+时间点, for+时间段,recently, lately, in the past few years, etc.

  3.基本结构:主语+have/has +p.p(过去分词)+其它

  4.否定形式:主语+have/has + not +p.p(过去分词)+其它

  5.一般疑问句:have或has。

  6.例句:Ive written an article.我已经写了一篇论文。

  The countryside has changed a lot in th e past few years.在过去的几年,农村发生了巨大的变化。

  十、 过去完成时

  1.概念:以过去某个时间为标准,在此以前发生的动作或行为,或在过去某动作之前完成的行为,即“过去的过去”。

  2.时间状语:Before, by the end of last year (term, month…), etc.

  3.基本结构:主语+had + p.p(过去分词)+其它 4.否定形式:主语+had + not +p.p(过去分词)+其它

  5.一般疑问句:had放于句首。

  6.例句:As soon as we got to the station, the train had left.当我们到车站的时候,火车已经开走了。

  By the end of last month. We had reviewed four books.到上个月底。我们有了四本书。

  基本结构:主语+had+p.p(过去分词)+其它

  ①肯定句:主语+ had+p.p(过去分词)+其它

  ②否定句:主语+ had+ not+p.p(过去分词)+其它

  ③一般疑问句:Had+主语+p.p(过去分词)+其它

  ④特殊疑问句:特殊疑问词+一般疑问句

  十一、 将来完成时

  1.概念:在将来某一时刻之前开始的动作或状态

  2.时间状语:by the time of; by the end of+时间短语( 将来);by the time+从句(将来)

  3.基本结构:主语+be going to/will/shall + have+p.p(过去分词)+其它

  4例句:By the time you get back, great changes will have taken place in this area.到你回来的时候,就将发生巨大的变化。

  十二、 过去将来完成时

  1.概念:表示在过去某一时间对将来某一时刻以前所 会发生的动作,常用在虚拟语气中,表示与过去的事实相反。

  2.基本结构:should/would have done sth.

  3.例句:I thought youd have left by this time.我想这会儿你已经走了。

  He told them he would have finished it by 8 oclock.他告诉他们他会在8点以前干完。

  十三、 现在完成进行时

  1.概念:表示从过去某一时间开始一直延续到现在的动作。这一动作可能刚刚开始,也可能仍在继续,并可能延续到将来。

  2.基本结构:主语+have/has +been +doing+其它

  3.时间状语:since+时间点,for+时间段等。

  4.例子:I have been sitting here for an hour.我已经在这里坐了一个小时。

  The children have been watching TV since six oclock.从6点起,孩子们一直看电视。

  十四、 过去完成进行时

  1.概念:表示某个正在进行的动作或状态,持续到过去某个时刻,还未完成,一直持续到之后的当前才结束。

  2.基本结构:主语+ had + been + doing +其它

  3.例子:She had been suffering from a bad cold when she took the exam.她在考试之前一直患重感冒。

  Had they been expecting the news for some time?他们期待这个消息有一段时间了吧?

  4.特殊含义:①尚未完成:He had been writing the novel.他已经在写小说了。(他没写完)

  ②企图:He had been studying the meaning of this proverb.他曾经学习过这个谚语。(他曾努力学习过它)

  ③未得结果:We had been studying what our enemy had said.我们一直致力于敌人所说的。(但是我们没有理解)

  ④最近情况:He had been quarrellin g with his wife.他和他的妻子吵了一场架。(最近)

  ⑤反复动作:He had been asking me the same question.他一直问我相同的问题。(屡次)

  ⑥情绪:What had he been doing?他做了什么?(不耐烦)

  十五、 将来完成进行时

  1.概念:表示动作从某一时间开始一直延续到将来某一时间。是否继续下去,要视上下文而定。

  2.基本结构:shall/will have been doing

  3.例子:I shall have been working here in this factory for twenty years by the end of the year.到今年年底,我将在这个工厂工作20年了。

  If we dont hurry up the store will have been closing before we get t here. 咱们如不快一点儿,等我们到了那儿,店门就会关了。

  十六、 过去将来完成进行时

  1.概念:表示从过去某时看至未来某时以前会一直在进行的动作。

  2.基本结构:should/would + have + been +现在分词

  3.例子:He told me that by the end of the year he would have been living there for thirty years.他告诉 我,到年底时,他就在那住了30年了。

八年级上册英语语法表大全整理 3

  一. 形容词/副词的比较级和最高级

  1. 形容词/副词的比较级和最高级的构成规则

  (1)单音节词和少数以-er,-ow结尾的双音节单词,比较级在后面加-er,最高级在后面加-est。

  ① 单音节单词

  small→smaller→smallest

  short→shorter→shortest

  tall→taller→tallest

  great→greater→greatest

  ② 少数以-er,-ow结尾的双音节单词

  clever→cleverer→cleverest

  narrow→narrower→narrowest

  (2)以不发音e结尾的单音节单词,比较级在原形后加-r,最高级在原级后加-st。

  large→larger→largest

  nice→nicer→nicest

  able→abler→ablest

  (3)以一个辅音字母结尾的闭音节(即:辅音+元音+辅音)单词中,先双写末尾的辅音字母,比较级加-er,最高级加-est。

  big→bigger→biggest

  hot→hotter→hottest

  fat→fatter→fattest

  (4)以“辅音字母+y”结尾的双音节词, 把y改为i,比较级加-er,最高级加-est。

  easy→easier→easiest

  heavy→heavier→heaviest

  busy→busier→busiest

  happy→happier→happiest

  (5)其他双音节词和多音节词,比较级在前面加more,最高级在前面加most。

  beautiful→more beautiful→most beautiful

  different→more different→most different

  easily→more easily→most easily

  (6)有少数形容词、副词的比较级和最高级是不规则的,必须熟记。

  good→better→best

  well→better→best

  bad→worse→worst

  ill→worse→worst

  old→older/elder→oldest/eldest

  many/much→more→most

  little→less→least

  far →further/farther→ furthest/farthest

  2. 形容词和副词比较级的用法

  (1)“甲+be+(倍数)+形容词比较级+than+乙”表示“甲比乙…”或“甲比乙…几倍”。

  Tom is taller than Kate.

  汤姆比凯特高。

  This room is three times bigger than that one.

  这个房间比那个大三倍。

  (2)“甲+实意动词+(倍数)+副词比较级+than+乙”表示“甲比乙…”或“甲比乙…几倍”。

  I got up earlier than my mother this morning.

  我今天早晨起床比我妈妈还早。

  He runs three times faster than his brother.

  他跑的速度比他弟弟快三倍。

  3. 形容词和副词最高级的用法

  (1)“主语+be+the+形容词最高级(+单数名词)+in/of...”表示“……是……中最……的”。

  Tom is the tallest in his class./of all the students.

  汤姆是他们班上/所有学生当中最高的。

  This apple is the biggest of the five.

  这个苹果是五个当中最大的。

  (2)“主语+实意动词+(the)+副词最高级+in/of...”表示“……是……中最……的”。

  I jump (the) farthest in my class.

  我是我们班跳得最远的。

  二. 句子成分

  1.主语:句子所陈述的对象。

  2.谓语:主语发出的动作。一般是有动作意义的动词。

  3. 宾语:分为动词宾语和介词宾语,属于动作的承受者。

  4. 系动词:表示状态或状态变化的动词,没有实际的动作意义。如 be, 感官系动词(look, sound, smell, taste 和 feel)、保持类系动词(keep, stay 和 remain)、状态变化类系动词(become、get、turn 和 go)等。

  5. 表语:紧跟系动词后面的成分。

  6. 定语:修饰名词或代词的成分。

  7. 状语:修饰形容词、副词、动词或句子的成分。

  8. 补语:分为宾语补足语和主语补足语。是对宾语和主语的补充说明,与其有主动或被动的逻辑关系。

  例如:You should keep the room clean and tidy.

  你应该让屋子保持干净整洁。

  (You是主语, should keep是谓语,the room是宾语,clean and tidy是宾语补足语。)

  This kind of food tastes delicious.

  这种食物吃起来很可口。

  (This kind of food是主语, tastes是系动词, delicious是表语。)

  注意:主语、谓语、宾语、系动词、表语、补语是一个句子的主干成分;定语和状语是一个句子的修饰性成分,不是主干成分。

  三. 句子类型

  1. 简单句的基本形式是由一个主语加一个谓语构成。

  2. 复合句由一个主句和一个或一个以上的从句构成。

  3. 两个或两个以上的简单句用并列连词连在一起构成的句子,叫做并列句,其基本结构是“简单句+并列连词+简单句”。

  四. 简单句的五种基本句型

  1.“主语 + 谓语”(即“主谓”句型)

  例:They arrived in Harbin yesterday morning.

  分析:“they”(主语)“arrived”(谓语)。

  2.“主语 + 谓语 + 宾语”(即“主谓宾”句型)

  例:I study English.

  分析:“I”(主语)“study”(谓语动作)“English”(宾语即动作涉及的对象)。

  3.“主语 + 谓语 + 间接宾语 + 直接宾语”(即“主谓双宾”句型)

  例:Our teacher taught us English.

  分析:“our teacher”(主语)“教”(谓语动作)“us”(间接宾语)“English”(直接宾语)。

  4.“主语 + 谓语 + 宾语 + 宾语补足语”(即“主谓宾宾补”句型)

  例:He asked her to go there.

  分析:“he”(主语)“asked”(谓语动作)“her”(宾语即动作涉及的对象)“to go there”(补语—补充说明宾语做什么)。

  5.“主语 + 系动词+ 表语”(即“主系表”句型)

  常用的系动词有be, keep,lie, remain, stand, become, fall, get, go, grow, turn, look, feel, seem, smell, sound, taste, 等。

  例:I am a teacher. 我是一名老师

  分析:“I”(主语)“am”(系动词)“a teacher”(表语—即表明主语的身份)。

  五. 宾语从句

  1. 宾语从句的含义

  在主句中做宾语的从句叫做宾语从句。

  如:She knew that the teacher had seen the film.

  她知道这位老师看过这部电影。

  “that the teacher had seen the film”做 knew 的宾语,同时又是由连接词 that 引导的从句,所以它叫做宾语从句。

  2. 宾语从句的分类

  (1)动词宾语从句:顾名思义,它是位于动词后面的宾语从句。

  如:He asked whose handwriting was the best in our class.他问我们班上谁的书法最好。

  (2)介词宾语从句:顾名思义,它是位于介词后面的宾语从句。

  如:I agree with what you said just now.我同意你刚才说的话。

  (3)形容词宾语从句:顾名思义,它是位于形容词后面的宾语从句。

  如:I am afraid that I will be late. 恐怕我要迟到了。

  3. 引导名词性从句的连接词

  (1)that:没有含义,在宾语从句中不做成分

  (2)whether/if:表示是否,在宾语从句中不做成分。

  I don't know if /whether he still lives here after so many years. 我不知道这么多年后,他是否还住在这里。

  (3)连接代词:what, which, who, whom, whose(在宾语从句中做主、宾、表和定语)

  连接副词:where, when, how, why(在宾语从句中做状语)

  The small children don't know what is in their stockings.(what 在宾语从句中做主语)

  这些小孩子不知道什么在他们的长筒袜里。

  Could you tell me why you were late for the meeting this morning?(why 在宾语从句中做原因状语)

  你能告诉我为什么你今天早上开会迟到吗?

  4. 在做宾语从句的题目时应注意两点

  (1)时态:

  ①当主句是现在时态时,宾语从句可以根据需要使用任何时态。

  I don't know when he will come back.我不知道他将何时回来。

  He tells me that his sister came back yesterday.他告诉我他姐姐昨天回来了。

  ②当主句是过去时态时,宾语从句必须是一种过去的时态。

  She asked me if I knew whose pen it was.她问我是否知道这是谁的钢笔。

  He said that he could finish his work before supper.他说他会在晚饭前完成工作。

  ③当表示客观事实或普遍真理的句子做宾语从句时,任何时候都用一般现在时。

  The teacher said that the earth goes round the sun.老师说过地球绕着太阳转。

  (2)语序:任何从句都使用陈述句语序,宾语从句当然也不例外。

  六. 一般现在时

  一般现在时表示经常性、习惯性的动作,或表示现在的特征、状态。

  当主语是非第三人称单数时,行为动词的一般现在时变化形式(见下表)。如:

句式

结构

例句

肯定句

主语+行为动词原形+其他

We speak Chinese.

否定句

主语+don’t+行为动词原形+其他

We don’t speak Chinese.

一般疑问句

Do+主语+行为动词原形+其他?

Do you speak Chinese?

肯定回答

否定回答

Yes,主语+do

o,主语+don’t

Yes, we do.

o, we don’t.

  当主语是第三人称单数时,行为动词一般现在时的句型变化如下表:

句式

结构

例句

肯定句

主语+行为动词s/es+其他

he speaks Chinese.

否定句

主语+doesn’t+行为动词原形+其他

he doesn’t speak Chinese.

一般疑问句

Does+主语+行为动词原形+其他?

Does she speak Chinese?

肯定回答

否定回答

Yes,主语+does

o,主语+doesn’t

Yes, she does.

o, she doesn’t.

  七. 现在进行时

  现在进行时表示此时此刻正在发生的事情。常与now,at the moment,look,listen等词连用。

  The little boy is watching TV now.

  这个小男孩现在正在看电视。

  Listen!She is playing the guitar in the next room.

  听!她正在隔壁房间弹吉他。

  现在进行时的基本结构:

  肯定式:am/is/are+doing(现在分词)

  否定式:am/is/are not +doing(现在分词)

  一般疑问式:Am/Is/Are + 主语 +doing(现在分词)+ 其他

  特殊疑问式:特殊疑问词+一般疑问式

  They’re having a meeting now.

  他们现在正在开会。

  They aren't having a meeting now.

  他们现在没有在开会。

  Are they having a meeting now?

  他们现在正在开会吗?

  What are they doing now?

  他们现在正在做什么?

  八. 一般过去时

  一般过去时表示在过去某个时间所发生的动作或所处的状态(与现在无关) 。常与yesterday, last week, in 1989, just now, a moment ago, the other day等过去具体时间状语连用。

  He was here just now.

  他刚才还在这里。

  What did you do yesterday?

  你昨天做了什么事?

  一般过去时基本结构

  1. 肯定句形式:主语+动词过去式+其他

  I was an English teacher one year ago.

  一年前我是一名英语老师。

  I bought a yellow dress yesterday afternoon.

  昨天下午我买了一条黄裙子。

  2. 否定句形式:①was/were+not; ②在行为动词前加didn't,同时还原行为动词

  I wasn't an English teacher one year ago.

  一年前我不是一名英语老师。

  I didn't buy a yellow dress yesterday afternoon.

  昨天下午我没买一条黄裙子。

  3. 一般疑问句:①was/were提到句首;②Did+主语+动词原形+其他?

  Were you an English teacher one year ago?

  一年前你是一名英语老师吗?

  Did you buy a yellow dress yesterday afternoon?

  昨天下午你买了一条黄裙子吗?

  4. 特殊疑问句:特殊疑问词+一般疑问句

  What were you one year ago?

  一年前你是做什么的?

  九. 一般将来时

  一般将来时表示将来某个时间要发生的动作或状态,或将来经常发生的动作或状态。

  一般将来时的基本结构

  1. will+动词原形

  否定式:will not=won't

  一般疑问式:will+主语+动词原形+其他?

  特殊疑问式:特殊疑问词+一般疑问式?

  I will do a better job next time.

  下次我要做得好些。

  Oil and water will not mix.

  油和水没法混在一起。

  2. am/is/are going to +动词原形

  否定式:am/is/are not going to +动词原形

  一般疑问式:am/is/are +主语+ going to + 动词原形+其他?

  特殊疑问式:特殊疑问词+一般疑问式?

  He is going to spend his holidays in London.

  他打算在伦敦度假。

  Look at the dark clouds. There is going to be a storm.

  看那乌云,快要下雨了。

  Is he going to collect any data for us?

  他会帮我们收集数据吗?

  What are you going to do tomorrow?

  明天你打算作什么?

  十. 情态动词

  can(能,会), may(可以,可能,也许), must(必须,一定,应该) have to(必须,不得不)

  1. 肯定句结构:主语+can/may/must+动词原形+其它,例如:

  I must go now.

  2. 否定句结构: 在can/may/must后加not,例如:

  You mustn’t talk aloud in the library.

  3. 一般疑问句结构: 把can/may/must提在主语前,例如:

  Must you go now? (Yes, I must. No, I needn’t.)

  May I open the window? (Yes, you may. No, you needn’t.)

  十一. had better用法

  had better+动词原形表示“最好做……”,变否定句时在had better后加not。例如:

  You had better catch a bus.

  You’d better not catch a bus. (You had= You’d )

  十二. 特殊疑问句的变换

  对划线部分提问时,将划线部分去掉,剩下部分变一般疑问句语序。(对主语提问例外)例如:

  My name is Lily. What’s your name?

  The river is 500 kilometres. Hong long is the river?

八年级上册英语语法表大全整理 4

  1、 意为“在...旁”,“靠近”。

  Some are singing and dancing under a big tree。 Some are drawing by the lake。

  有的在大树下唱歌跳舞。有的在湖边画画儿。

  2、意为“不迟于”,“到...时为止”。

  Your son will be all right by supper time。

  你的儿子在晚饭前会好的。

  How many English songs had you learned by the end of last term?

  到上个学期末你们已经学了多少首英语歌曲?

  3、表示方法、手段,可译作“靠”、“用”、“凭借”、“通过”、“乘坐”等。

  The monkey was hanging from the tree by his tail and laughing。

  猴子用尾巴吊在树上哈哈大笑。

  The boy’s father was so thankful that he taught Edison how to send messages by railway telegraph。

  孩子的父亲是那么的感激,于是他教爱迪生怎样通过铁路电报来传达信息。

  4、表示“逐个”,“逐批”的意思。

  One by one they went past the table in the dark。

  他们一个一个得在黑暗中经过这张桌子。

  5、表示“根据”,“按照”的意思。

  What time is it by your watch?

  你的表几点了?

  6、和take , hold等动词连用,说明接触身体的某一部分。

  I took him by the hand。

  我拉住了他的手。

  7、用于被动句中,表示行为主体,常译作“被”、“由”等。

  English is spoken by many people。

  英语被许多人说。(即“许多人讲英语。”)

八年级上册英语语法表大全整理 5

  一.一般现在时

  1. 结构

  肯定句式: 主语+动词原形/动词的第三人称单数+其他

  否定句式: 主语+(助动词) don't/doesn't +动词原形+其他

  一般疑问句式: Do/Does+主语+动词原形+其他

  简略回答: (肯)Yes,主语+do/does (否)No,主语+do/does not

  缩写形式: don't = do not doesn't = does not

  例句:He often goes swimming in summer.

  I usually leave home for school at 7 every morning.

  2.用法

  1)表示经常的、习惯性的动作或存在的状态,常与表示频度的副词连用。

  常用的频度副词有: always、often、 usually、seldom、never、sometimes, every week (day, year, month…), once a week, on Sundays.频度副词在句中通常放在行为动词之前,系动词、助动词之后。

  例如: He often goes swimming in summer.

  I usually leave home for school at 7 every morning.

  2)表示主语具备的性格、特征和能力等。

  例如:All my family love football . My sister is always ready to help others .

  Ann writes good English but does not speak well.

  3)表示客观真理、客观存在、自然现象。

  例如:The earth moves around the sun.

  Shanghai lies in the east of China.

  4)表示按计划或安排好的,或将要发生的动作,可用一般现在时表将来。

  但只限于start,begin,leave,go,come,arrive,return,take place等。

  例如:The train leaves at six tomorrow morning.

  He comes back tonight.

  5)在复合句中,当主句是一般将来时,时间或条件状语从句的谓语动词只能用一般现在时来表示将来要发生的动作。

  例如: I'll tell him the news when he comes back.

  If you take the job , they will talk with you in greater details.

  二.一般过去时态

  1. 结构

  肯定句式: 主语+动词过去式+其他

  否定句式: 主语+(助动词)didn’t +动词原形+其他

  一般疑问句式: Did+主语+动词原形+其他

  简略回答: (肯)Yes,主语+did (否)No,主语+did not

  基本结构

  否定句

  一般疑问句

  Be动词

  was/were+not

  was/were提前,放于句首

  行为动词

  didn’t+do(动词原形)

  Did+主语+do(动词原形)

  2.用法

  1)表示过去某一时刻或某一段时间里所发生的动作或情况。常和表示过去的时间状语yesterday, just now, the other day, in 1982, ago, an hour ago, long long ago, the day before yesterday, last week(year, night, month…), at the age of 5, one day, once upon a time等连用

  例如:Where did you go just now?

  After a few years, she started to play the piano.

  2)表示在过去,经常或反复发生的动作。常与often,always等表示频度的副词连用。

  例如:When I was a child, I often played football in the street.

  我是个孩子的时候,常在马路上踢足球。

  3)一般过去式也可与today,this week,this month,this year等表现在的时间状语连用,但这些时间状语须指过去的时间,决不包含“现在”“此时此刻”的意思。

  例如:Did you see him today?今天你看见他了吗?

  三.一般将来时

  1. 结构

  结构1:

  肯定句式:主语+助动词will+动词原形+其他

  否定句式:主语+助动词will+动词原形+not+其他

  一般疑问句式:助动词Will+主语+动词原形+其他

  简单回答:在口语中,will在名词或代词后常缩为’ll,wii not常简缩为won’t。

  在疑问句中,主语为第一人称时(I和we)时,常用助动词shall。

  例如:She’ll go to play basketball.

  Shall we go to the zoo?

  结构2:

  肯定句式:主语+be going to +动词原形+其他

  否定句式:主语+be not going to +动词原形+其他

  一般疑问句式:Be+主语+going to+动词原形+其他

  简略回答:(肯)Yes,主语+be (否)No,主语+be not

  2.用法

  1)表示将来某个时间要发生的动作或存在的状态,常与tomorrow, next day(week, month, year…), soon, in a few minutes, by…, the day after tomorrow等连用。

  例如:I'll meet you at the school gate tomorrow morning.

  2)、表示说话人对于将来的看法、假设和推测,通常用于be afraid, be/feel sure, hope, know, think等后面的从句或与副词perhaps,possibly,maybe等连用。

  例如:I think she’ll go back home for supper.

  Maybe she’ll go to the gym.

  将来时其他表示法

  1)be going to表示将来

  表示说话人的打算、计划、安排或根据迹象判断必然或很可能发生的事情。

  例如:What are you going to do tomorrow?

  The play is going to be produced next month。

  注意:be going to 和will之间的区别。

  l 在时间上:be going to通常表示马上要发生或相当快就要发生的事情;而will不指明任何具体时间,可以指遥远的未来。

  He is going to be better.

  He will be better.

  l 计划/临时:两者都表示意图时,be going to含有预先计划、准备的意思;will则指未经过预先思考或计划,是临时的一种决定。

  — What are you going to do next Sunday?

  — I'm going to go fishing.

  — Where is the telephone book?

  — I'll go and get it for you.

  l 两者都用于预测时,be going to意指有迹象表明某件事将要发生,属客观的推测;will则意指说话人认为/相信某件事将要发生,属主观的推测。

  l 在条件状语从句中,be going to表将来,will表意愿。

  例如:If you are going to make a journey, you'd better get ready for it as soon as possible.

  Miss Gao will tell you the answer if you ask her.

  2)“be to+动词原形”表示客观安排或受人指示而将要做某事。

  例如:We are to discuss the report next Saturday.

  3)be about to +动词原形,意为马上做某事。不能与tomorrow, next week 等表示明确将来时的时间状语连用,多于when引导的时间状语连用。

  例如:He is about to leave for Beijing.

  四.现在进行时

  1. 结构:

  am/is/are+动词的现在分词

  2. 用法:

  1)表示现在(指说话人说话时)正在发生或进行的动作。常与now, right now, at this moment, at this time, these days等时间状语连用。注:如果句首有警示性动词look、listen等,主句的动词也与现在进行时连用。

  例如:We are waiting for you now.

  Listen! The bird is singing in the tree.

  2).表示现阶段(说话前后一段时间内),一直在进行的活动。说话时动作未必正在进行。

  例如:Mr. Green is writing another novel. 他在写另一部小说。(说话时并未在写,只处于写作的状态。)

  He is thinking about this problem.这些天来他一直在考虑这个问题。

  3).表示反复发生的动作或持续存在的状态,常与always, constantly, forever 等词连用,往往带有说话人的主观色彩。

  例如:You are always changing your mind.

  4).表示尚未完成的渐变过程,这样的动词有:get, grow, become, turn, run, go, begin等。

  例如:The leaves are turning red.

  It's getting warmer and warmer.

  5)、表示移位的动词,如go,come,leave,start,arrive等,其现在进行时可表将来。

  例如:I'm leaving tomorrow. 明天我要走了。

  The train is arriving soon. 火车要到了。

  注:不能用进行时态的动词

  类别

  举例

  感官类

  See,look,smell,hear,taste,notice,feel

  感觉类

  Love,agree,like,hate,want,fear,wish,prefer

  认知类

  Believe,think,understand,forget,remember

  存在类

  Appear,exist,lie,remain

  占有、从属类

  Have,own,contain,belong,possess,consist of

  短暂动作类

  Accept,receive,admit,decide,promise,give,finish

  五.现在完成时

  1. 结构:

  肯定句:主语+助动词have(has)+动词过去分词-ed

  否定句:主语+助动词have(has)+not(haven’t,hasn’t)+动词过去分词-ed

  一般疑问句:Have(Has)+ 主语+动词过去分词-ed+?

  特殊疑问句:疑问词+have(has)+ 主语+动词过去分词-ed+?

  2.用法

  含义:现在完成时用来表示现在之前已发生或完成的动作或状态,但其结果却和现在有联系, 也就是说, 动作或状态发生在过去但它的影响现在还存在。

  1)现在完成时往往同表示不确定的过去时间状语连用, 如already, yet, just, before, recently, lately等 Mr. Wang has just come back from America. 王先生刚从美国回来。

  I haven’t seen much of him recently (lately).

  We have seen that film before.

  Have they found the missing child yet?

  现在完成时中的时间状语:

  ★already通常用于肯定句中,意为―已经,位于行为动词之前, be动词、助动词之后。有时可放在疑问句句尾,表示惊讶。

  例如:We have already cleaned the classroom.

  Have you finished it already?

  ★yet用于疑问句中表示―已经;用于否定句中,表示还(没)。

  例如:—Has he found his watch yet?他还没找到他的表吗?

  —No, not yet. 是, 还没有。

  ★ever意为曾经,常用于疑问句或否定句中,位于助动词和过去分词之间,表示从过去到目前为止的时间。

  例如: Have you ever been there?你曾经去过那里吗?

  Nothing has ever happened here. 这里未曾发生过什么事。

  ★never意为(曾经)从未、没有, 是否定副词,在句中位于助动词和过去分词之间。ever与否定词not连用相当于never。例如:

  I haven’t ever spoken to her. = I have never spoken to her. 我从未跟她讲过话。

  ★just意为―刚刚, 用于现在完成时, 表示行为刚刚过去, 位于助动词与过去分词之间。

  e.g. He has just come back from school.他刚从学校回来。

  ★ just now意为―刚才, 表示过去某时, 用于一般过去时, 位于句首或句尾均可。

  e.g. He came from school just now.他刚才从学校回来。

  ★for 和since的用法及区别。for 与一段时间连用,since 与时间点连用。注意:since 后接过去时的时间状语或过去时的句子。

  e.g. I have been to Shanghai twice since 1970.

  I haven’t seen her since she left Shanghai.

  I saw Ping Ping six years ago. Since I havenever seen her.

  ★have/has gone to、have/has been to 和have/has been in的区别。

  have/ has gone to 去了,在去某地的路上或在某地, 人还未回来

  have/ has been to 曾经去过, 人已经回来了

  have/ has been in 已经在, 常与一段时间连用

  e.g. She has been to Shanghai before. 她以前曾去过上海。

  She has been in Shanghai for ten years. 她在上海10年了。

  Has he gone to Qingdao? 他去青岛了吗?但不能说 Have you gone to Qingdao?2)、现在完成时还可用来表示过去发生的动作一直延续到现在,常带有for或since 等表示一段时间的状语。

  如:Mr Wang has lived here since 1983.

  I haven’t seen much of him recently (lately).

  We have seen that film before.

  Have they found the missing child yet?

  3)、现在完成时瞬间动词即终止性动词不能与表示一段时间的状语连用。

  常见终止性动词与延续性动词 (或状态动词) 的对应关系如下:

  come / go / arrive / get / reach / move--- be in/at

  open --- be open die --- be dead

  close --- be closed become ---be

  borrow --- keep put on --- wear

  buy --- have leave ----- be away (from)

  begin / start ----- be on fall asleep ---- be asleep

  end/finish ----- be over catch a cold ----- have a cold

  join the army ---- be in the army, be a soldier

  join the Party---- be in the Party , be a Party member

  例:吉姆买这支已有两年了。

  Jim bought this pen two years ago.

  Jim has had this pen for two years.

  Jim has had this pen since two years ago.

  Jim has had this pen since 2007

  It is two years since Jim bought this pen.

  4).在表示“最近几世纪/ 年/ 月以来……”时间状语中,谓语动词用现在完成时。

  in the past few years/months/weeks/days;over the past few years; during the last three months; for the last few centuries, through centuries; throughout history 等

  5).表示“第几次做某事,”或在 “It is the best (worst, most interesting ) +名词 +that” 后面跟现在完成时。

  例:This is my first time that I have visited China.

  This is the most interesting film I have ever seen.

  That is the only book that he has written.

  6)have / has been to + 地点 意为“曾去过某地”,暗含目前已不在该地仅表示当事人的一种经历而已。 have / has gone to + 地点 “到了某地去了”,暗含“已离开原地去了某地”之意,但是否到达了某地尚不确定。 如:He has gone to Shanghai. 他去了上海。

  He has been to Shanghai. 他去过了上海。

  六.过去完成时

  1. 结构:

  助动词had+动词过去分词

  2. 用法:

  1)、表示在过去某一时间或动作以前已完成的行为或存在的状态。即发生的时间是过去的过去。常与“by the end of/by/before+过去时间”构成的短语连用。

  例如:The train had already left before we arrived.

  He said that he had learned some English before.

  By the end of last term, we had learned five English songs.

  2)表示在过去某一动作之前就已经发生或完成了的动作;常用when,before,after等引导的从句作为动作发生时间先后的对比,先发生的动作用过去完成时,后发生的动作用一般过去时。

  When I got to the railway station, the train had already left.

  当我到达火车站时,火车已经开走了

  His father had worked in a TV factory for five years before he came here.

  爸爸来这之前,在一家电视机厂工作了5年。

  3)表示过去未曾实现的计划、愿望等。这种用法中常用的动词为hope, want,plan,wish, expect, think, intend, mean, suppose等。

  例如:We had hoped that you would come, but you didn't. 那时我们希望你能来,但是你没有来。

  I had thought that all knew about it.我以为他们都知道这件事呢。

  七.过去进行时

  1. 结构:

  was/were+动词的现在分词(--ing)

  2.用法:

  1)表示过去某一时刻或某一段时间正在进行或发生的动作。动作发生的特指时间常用一个短语或时间状语从句来表明,如:at this time yesterday,at 7:00 yesterday ,last night ,from seven to nine ,at that time以when或while引导的时间状语从句等。

  My family were watching TV at that time yesterday.

  When I arrived,Tom was talking on the phone.

  What were you doing at 9:00 o’clock yesterday morning.

  注意:(1)以when引导的时间状语从句中,从句动作,主句用过去进行时,表示一个动作发生时,

  另一个动作正在进行。

  When he called me , I was having dinner .

  (2)以while引导的时间状语从句中,从句与主句的动作在过去某一时刻同时进行,while常

  译为“当……的时候,同时”。

  Tom was doing his homework while his sister was watching TV .

  2)、表移动的动词,如come, go, arrive, leave, start, begin, return等词的过去进行时,可以表示过去将要发生的动作。

  例如:She told me that she was going to Hainan for her holiday.

  八.过去将来时态

  表示过去的某时以后将要发生的动作。但这个"将来"时间绝不会延伸到―现在;而仅限于―过去时间区域内。由此可以看出,含这个时态的句子常带一个表示―过去某个时间点的状语。这个状语或是一个短语,或是一个句子。这个时态常用于:

  1.结构

  a)would/should+动词原形

  b)was/were going to+动词原形

  2.用法

  1)、表示从过去某时看将要发生的动作或存在的状态。常用于主句是一般过去时的宾语从句或间接引语中。

  例如:He said that he would finish his work before 9 o’clock.

  他说他会在九点之前完成工作。

  When I thought about it , I wondered what their reaction would be .

  当我考虑这件事时,我想知道他们的反应是什么。

  2)、表示过去的某种习惯性动作,只能用would。

  例如:Whenever he has been in trouble, we would give him a hand.

  每当他遇到困难时,我们总会伸出援助之手。

  3)表示过去情况中的―愿望、―倾向,多用于否定句。

  No matter how difficult the work was , he would keep on doing it until he accomplished it .

  不管工作有多难,他总会坚持不懈地把它干完。

  They knew that we would never permit such a thing.

  他们知道我们绝不会允许发生这样的事。

  Even after the lecture ended, the audience would not leave .

  甚至在讲座结束之后,听众仍不肯离去。

  选择

  1. The population of the world ____ still ____ now. (2009·甘肃兰州)

  A. has; grown B. is; growing C. will; grow D. is; grown

  2. ---Good evening. I _______ to see Miss Mary. (2009·甘肃兰州)

  ---Oh, good evening. I’m sorry, but she is not in.

  A. have come B. come C. came D. had come

  3. — It’s time for dinner. Where is your father, Emma?

  — He ______ his bike in the yard. (2009·新疆阜康)

  A. clean B. cleaned C. is cleaning D. will clean

  4. If you carefully, you the report well. (2009·广州)

  A. will listen; will be understood B. will listen; understand

  C. listen; will understand D. listen; understand

  5. They about eight hundred English words by the end of last term. (2009·广州)

  A. will learn B. had learned C. are going to learn D. have learned

  6. —How did the accident happen? (2009·广州)

  —You know, it difficult to see the road clearly because it .

  A. was; was raining B. is; has rained

  C. is; is raining D. will be; will rain

  7. Attention, please. There a football game between China and Korea this evening.

  A. is going to be B. has been C. hasD. will have

  8. —What does your sister like doing in her spare time?

  —She watching TV. (2009·湖北武汉)

  A. likes B. liked C. has liked D. had liked

  9. —When Jessy to New York?

  —Yesterday. (2009·湖北武汉)

  A. does; get B. did; get C. has; got D. had; got

  10. —How clean the bedroom is! (2009·湖北武汉)

  —Yes, I am sure that someone it.

  A. cleans B. cleaned C. has cleaned D. had cleaned

  11. My friend ______ me. I have to leave now. (2009·河北)

  A. waits for B. waited for C. is waiting for D. was waiting for

  12. Be sure to let Tom know the notice as soon as he ______.(2009·河北)

  A. will arrive B. was arriving C. arrives D. arrived

  13. I ______ the wrong thing. Can I use your eraser? (2009·河北)

  A. write B. wrote C. am writing D. will write

  14. ---Are you going to help John with his Chinese this evening? (2009·山东威海)

  ---NO, He ______ to England. He will be back next month.

  A. returned B. has returned C. returns D. will return

  15. ---Who’s won the first prize in the competition? (2009·山东烟台)

  ---Henry______ . He has ______ it for a week.

  A. is, won B. is, got C. has, had D. has, been given

  16. ---Is this the place that you ______ ? (2009·四川成都)

  ---No. I’ve never been there before.

  A. have visited B. will visit C. are visiting D.would visit

  17. It ______ outside. You’d better take an umbrella with you. (2009·江西)

  A. rains B. is raining C. rained D. has rained

  18. ---Can I help you? (2009·江西)

  ---I bought this watch here yesterday, but it ______ work.

  A. won’t B. didn’t C. doesn’t D. wouldn’t

  19. I used to love this film when I was young, but I ______ it that way any more. (2009·江苏南京)

  A. don’t feel B. didn’t feel C. haven’t felt D. hadn’t felt

  20. ---How was your trip to the ancient village? (2009·湖北宜昌)---Fantastic! We ___________to a museum of strange stones.A. go B. went C. are going D. will go

  21. —Where is Peter? (2009·湖南娄底)

  —He volleyball with his friends in the school gym.

  A. playsB. playedC. is playing? D.was playing

  22. ---Hello! Can I speak to Mr. White? (2009·江苏无锡)

  ---Sorry, he isn’t here right now. He ______ to the theme park.

  A. will go B. was going C. has gone D. has been

  23. ---______ you ______ your drawing? (2009·陕西绥德)

  ---Not yet! It will be done in a few minutes.

  A. Did; finish B. Will; finish C. Do; finish D. Have; finished

  24. She ______ as an animal trainer since 2003. (2009.北京)

  A. has worked B. works C. will work D. have worked

  25. They ______ her to the party, so she was very happy. (2009.北京)

  A. invite B. invited C. will invite D. are inviting

  26. Mr. Green ______ to the manager now. You’d better call him later. (2009.北京)

  A. talk B. talked C. is talking D. was talking

  27. Prison Break is the best American TV play that I ______ these years. (2009.安徽)

  A. watch B. will watch C. have watched D. was watching

  28. ---Alice, turn down the TV, please. I _________ on the phone.

  ---Oh, sorry. (2009.安徽)

  A. have talked B. talked C. am talking D. talk

  29. --- Where are the Greens, may I ask? (2009·吉林通化)

  --- Well, they ______ to England. They have been there for nearly a week now.

  A. have beenB. are going toC. have goneD. will go

  30.The teachers_______ the office for a few minutes when we arrived. We didn’t meet them.

  A. had been away from B. had left C. have been away from D. have left

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八年级上册英语语法表大全整理_精选范文网

情态动词是中国英语学习者的难点,情态动词误用也是中国英语学习者最常犯的四大错误之一。不过,从现在开始,所有有缘看到这篇文章的朋友,从此将再没有情态动词使用上的烦恼。小编在这里整理了相关知识,快来学习学习吧! 英语语法掌握
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