英语短文改错题探秘及时态用法:一般现在时参考经典
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中学英语涉及到的时态一共有16种,下面给大家准备了现在完成进行时用法说明,希望对大家复习备考有帮助。
英语短文改错题探秘及时态用法:一般现在时参考经典 1
1. 现在完成时的定义
现在完成时既可表示过去发生的动作对现在所造成的结果或影响(此时通常连用的时间状语有already, yet, just, ever, before),也可表示动作从过去某时间开始,一直持续到现在,并且还有可能持续下去(此时通常连用的时间状语有this month / week / year, these days, recently / lately, in the past few + 时间段, since +时间点, for + 时间段)。如:
I have just finished my work. 我把工作做完。
Have you ever been to Beijing? 你曾经去过北京吗?
I have lived for ten years. 我在这儿住了十年了。
We have studied here since 2003. 我们自2003年来就在这儿读书了。
2. 现在完成时的结构
现在完成时由“have / has + 过去分词”构成。
3. 现在完成时的应用
(1) 非持续性动词go, come, leave, borrow, buy, die, join的完成时的肯定式不能与时间段连用,若要接用时间段状语,则应换成相应的持续动词或状态动词。如:
He has left. 他走了。
He has been away for an hour. 他走了一个小时了。
Can I borrow that book? 我可以借那本书吗?
How long can I keep the book? 这本书我可借多久?
注意:非持续性动词的否定完成时可与时间段状语连用。如:
He has not borrowed the book since then. 从此以后,他再也没有借这本书了。
(2) have / has been to 表示曾经去过某地,但现在不在那儿;have / has gone to表示现在已去某地,现在不在这儿。如:
He has been to Canada, but now he is working in our company. 他去过加拿大,现在在我们公司工作。
Mr. Li is not at home. He has gone to Shanghai. 李先生不在家,他去上海了。
(3) 完成时的肯定式常用already,而否定式和疑问句常用yet,但若already用于疑问句时,表示一种出乎意外的惊讶。如:
Have you read it already? 你就看完了?
4. 现在完成时与其他时态的区别
(1) 现在完成时与一般过去时的区别:现在完成时强调动作的结果或对现在的影响,属于现在时的范畴;一般过去时强调动作所发生的时间,属于过去时的范畴。因此,过去时需跟过去时间连用或有表过去时间的上下文连用,而现在完成时不能与过去时间连用。如:
I read the book two weeks ago. 我两周前读了这本书。
I have read the book for two weeks. 这本书我读过两周了。
(2) 现在完成时与现在进行时:现在完成时强调动作持续到现在或刚结束;而现在进行时只强调目前的状态。如:
They have talked for about two hours. 他们谈了大约两个小时。(强调动作的持续)
They are talking. 他们在谈话。 (强调目前的状态)
英语短文改错题探秘及时态用法:一般现在时参考经典 2
1. 过去进行时的定义
过去进行时主要表示过去某一时刻正在进行的动作,或表示过去某一阶段一直在进行的动作。如:
I was having a talk with Li Hua at that time. 那时,我正在跟李华谈话。
I was watching TV at home last night. 昨晚我一直在看电视。
2. 过去进行时的结构
过去进行时由“was / were + 现在分词”构成。如:
I was doing my lessons then. 那时,我在做功课。
We were cleaning the house. 我们在打扫房子。
3. 使用过去进行时应注意的几点
(1) 过去进行时可表示按计划、安排过去某时刻将要发生的动作。如:
He said they were leaving for Beijing this afternoon. 他说他今天下午要去北京。
(2) 动词hope, wonder等的过去进行时常用来表示提出要求,虽然表示现在的内容,但语气比一般现在时或一般过去时要委婉。如:
I was wondering whether you could come to join us. 我想你能否过来跟我们一起活动?
(3) 过去进行时中有always, forever, continually, constantly修饰时,表示说话人的赞赏或厌烦的感情。如:
He was always thinking of others. 他总是想到人家。
4. 过去进行时与一般过去时的区别
(1) 过去进行时强调动作在过去某时刻正在进行或持续,而一般过去时表示动作的完成。如:
He was writing his composition last night. 他昨晚在写作文。(不一定写完)
He wrote his composition last night. 他昨晚写了一篇作文。(已经写完)
(2) 表示过去的状态、感觉及心理活动的静态动词(如be, like, love, hate, fear, own, hear, see, know, want, notice)可用于一般过去时,但通常不用于进行时。如:
I hated it when a man spoke with his mouth full of food. 我讨厌人们说话时口里含着食物。
(3) 一般过去时与always, constantly, forever, continually等连用,表示“过去经常性、习惯性的动作”;而过去进行时与always, constantly, forever, continually等连用,表示动作的重复,常带有感情的色彩。如:
He always got up at six. 他过去总是六点起床。
He was always thinking of his work. 他总是一心想到工作。
(4) 有时过去进行时可以用来替换一般过去时,但一般过去时表示主语的行为是经过认真考虑的;而过去进行时表示一种较随便或没有进行仔细考虑的行为。如:
I thought that he would agree with us. 我原以为它会同意我们的。
I was thinking of persuading him to follow my advice. 我想到了要说服他接受我们的建议。
英语短文改错题探秘及时态用法:一般现在时参考经典 3
1. 一般过去时的定义
一般过去时表示过去某一时候或某一段时间所发生了的事情或存在的状态。常与过去时间yesterday, this morning, just now, a moment ago, in May, last night / year / week, once upon a time, the other day, before …, when – clause, in the past连用。如:
What did you do yesterday? 昨天你干了什么?
I met Lin Tao this morning. 今天上午我会到了林涛。
I was there a moment ago. 刚才我在那儿。
2. 一般过去时的应用
(1) 表示过去某时所发生的动作或存在的状态。如:
Liu Ying was in America last year. 刘英去年在美国。
Jim rang you just now. 吉姆刚才给你打了电话。
(2) 表示过去经常或反复发生的动作。常接时间副词often, usually, always, sometimes, every day / week, etc. 如:
We often went out for a walk after supper. 我们过去常在晚饭后散步。
We usually played together. 我们通常一起玩。
3. 一般过去时对谓语动词的要求
一般过去时的谓语动词要用动词的过去式。动词过去式的构成分规则变化和不规则变化两种形式,不规则变化通常需要逐个记忆,规则变化则遵循以下原则:
(1) 一般在动词后加-ed。如:play—played, offer—offered, weigh—weighed, destroy— destroyed, sign—signed.
(2) 在以字母e结尾的动词后,只加-d。如:like—liked, provide—provided, hate — hated, date—dated。
(3) 在以“辅音字母+y”结尾的动词后,则改y为i,再加—ed。如:supply—supplied, fly—flied, study— studied.
(4) 在以单短元音的重读闭音节结尾且,末尾只有一个辅音字母的动词后,双写最后一个辅音字母,再加-ed。如:plan—planned, refer—referred, regret—regretted, ban—banned.
4. 特别说明
有些动词的过去时,如:expect, hope, intend, plan, wanted 等一般过去时,后接不定式的完成时;或它们的过去完成时接不定式的一般式,都可表示过去未曾实现的意图、打算或希望。如:
I hoped to have been invited to his wedding party. —I had hoped to be invited to his wedding ceremony. 我本希望他来邀请我参加他的婚礼。
I intended to have joined their games. —I had intended to join their games. 我本打算参加他们的比赛。
英语短文改错题探秘及时态用法:一般现在时参考经典 4
1. 动词时态
每年都有时态错误的小题,而且改动基本集中在一般过去时与一般现在时之间。时态的更改要以上下文的主体时态为依据。
(1)(2003全国卷)She liked it very much and reads it to the class. All said the story was... 84. read
(and连接并列谓语)
(2)(2004江苏卷)At once I apologize and controlled myself... 83. apologized
(and连接并列谓语)
(3)(2004全国卷) Sometimes, we talked to each other very well in class,... 82. talk
(根据sometimes可判断此句为一般现在时)
(4)(2005全国卷Ⅱ)I will write again and send you the photos we take together. 85. took
(把照片寄给你,应该是已经拍好的,用过去时)
(5)(2005全国卷Ⅰ) There are advantage for students to work while studying at school. One of them was that they can earn money. 77. is
(从上下文判断,应该是现在时,谓语用is)
(6)(2005江苏卷)We named him Jack and keep him for about three years. 76. kept
(and连接并列谓语)
2. 名词单复数
单复数互改是高考英语改错题的基本题型之一,改动的依据有:一是根据名词前的修饰限定成份;二是根据上下文的逻辑关系。
(1)(2003全国卷)Their word were a great encouragement to me. 85. words
(是把word改为words 还是把were改为was,根据名词前的修饰限定词their来决定。)
(2)(2004江苏)that was a dinner we had waited for several month. 85. months
(several修饰复数名词)
(3)(2004全国卷Ⅰ) a few minute on the Internet. 77. minutes
(a few修饰复数名词)
(4)(2005全国卷Ⅱ)But one and a half year later. 79. years
(one and a half意思为一年半,故判断此处year应为复数形式)
(5)(2005全国卷Ⅰ)There are advantage for students to work... 76. advantages
(从there are 判断应该用名词复数)
3. 句子结构
句子结构方面的错误范围庞大,解答高考英语改错题主要可以从以下几方面来思考:1)句子结构是否完整,成份是否冗缺;2)单词的词性与其在句中的功能是否相符;3)主谓一致;4)复合句中连接主句和从句的关系词或引导词的运用是否得当等。
(1)(2004 全国卷)I won’t be able to meet you at the airport although I have classes in the afternoon. 78. because/as
(复合句中连接主句和从句的关系词运用不当)
(2)(2004 全国卷Ⅱ) I don’t know that they don’t like to talk with me. 81. why
(复合句中连接主句和从句的关系词运用不当)
(3)(2005全国卷Ⅰ)For the most part, students working to earn money for their own use. 78. work
(缺谓语动词)
(4)(2005全国卷Ⅰ)Earning their own money allow them to spend on anything if they like. 79. allows
(主语是动名词短语Earning their own money,谓语应该用单数)
(5)(2005江苏卷)But the most wonderful thing about Jack were his musical ability. 84. was
(主语是第三人称单数)
4. 赘述
高考英语改错题中的赘述是指在一些固定表达中或从上下文逻辑来看用了多余的词,从而使句子表达不合规范或造成逻辑上的重复。
(1)(2003全国卷80)I followed her advice and should put down 100 words or so each day. 80. should
(并列谓语,should多余)
(2)(2004 全国卷)Can you tell me about what I should do? 85. about
(tell sb about/of sth或tell sb接从句)
(3)(2004重庆卷)I had to look up to the same word many times, ... 78. to
(look up a word查字典)
(4)(2005全国卷Ⅰ)Some students may also to save up for their college or future use. 84. to
(情态动词may后接动词原形)
(5)(2005江苏卷) But for the most wonderful thing about Jack was his musical ability. 83. for
(but是连词for是介词,不能并列)
5. 固定结构(固定句型、固定短语、固定搭配)
所谓固定结构是指英语中一些不能随意更改的习惯表达。如固定短语中的词不能缺,固定搭配要前后一致等。
(1)(2003全国卷81)Soon I began to enjoy talk to myself on paper as I was ... 81. talking
(enjoy doing为固定短语)
(2)(2004 全国卷Ⅰ)I am sure they will laugh to me and see me as a fool. 79. at
(laugh at sb. 固定短语)
(3)(2004 浙江卷)from friends can all provide you for stamps from all over the world. 82. with
(provide ... with为固定短语)
(4)(2005全国卷Ⅱ)I am writing to thank you with your kind help. 76. for
(thank sb for sth)
(5)(2005全国卷Ⅰ) or for permission to do things by money. 83. with
(with money)
英语短文改错题探秘及时态用法:一般现在时参考经典 5
一、一般现在时表现在
1. 表示现在经常性或习惯性的动作。如:
My sister wears glasses. 我妹妹戴眼镜。
He often goes to the cinema. 他经常去看电影。
【注】询问某人的习惯时,有时还可用ever。如:
“Do you ever eat meat?” “No, I never eat meat.”“你吃肉吗?”“从不吃肉。”
2. 表示现在(或经常性)的情况或状态。如:
Mother is ill. 母亲病了。
He is always like that. 他总是那样。
He likes living in the country. 他喜欢住在乡下。
We need a lot of money. 我们需要一大笔钱。
3. 表示现在的能力、特征、职业等。如:
He sings well. 他唱歌唱得好。
Mr. Smith teaches French. 史密斯先生教法语。
4. 表示客观真理、科学事实、格言以及不受时间限制的客观存在。如:
Summer follows spring. 春去夏来。
Knowledge is power. 知识就是力量。
The earth turns around the sun. 地球绕着太阳转。
二、一般现在时表将来
1. 当主句为将来时态或表示将来意义时,时间和条件的状语从句必须用一般现在时表将来。如:
I’ll write to her when I have time. 我有空会给她写信。
Turn off the lights before you leave. 走前关灯。
If we hurry, we may catch the bus. 如果赶紧走我们可能赶得上公共汽车。
Tell me in case you get into difficulty. 遇到困难请告诉我。
【注】① 除表示时间和条件的状语从句外,表示让步、相似、比例的从句也必须用一般现在时表示将来。如:
I’ll follow him wherever he goes. 他去哪儿,我就跟着去哪儿。
Whatever you say, I won’t pay. 无论你说什么,我都不会付钱。
Whether we help him or not, he will fail. 无论我们帮他与否,他都会失败。
I’ll have a good time whether I win or lose. 赢也好,输也好,我都将会玩好。
The more you eat, the fatter you will become. 你吃得越多就会越胖。
② 另外,当主句为用将来时态时,定语从句也通常用一般现在时表将来。如:
I’ll give you anything you ask for. 你要什么我都给你。
You can have anything I find. 我找到的任何东西你都可以拿去。
Everyone who comes first will get a present. 每个先来的人都可得到一份礼物。
2. 按照英语习惯,一个句子中若主要动词已经表明了所谈论动作的时间,那么与之相关的其他动词就不必再次指明同一时间,而往往使用一个比较简单的时态,如用一般现在时表示一般将来时等。比较。如:
This discovery means that we will spend less on food.这一发现意味着我们将减少在食品上的花费。
This discovery will mean that we spend less on food. 这一发现意味着我们将减少在食品上的花费。
3. 在make sure(弄清楚),make certain(弄清楚),take care(注意,当心),be careful(注意,当心),mind(注意),watch(注意)等后的that从句中通常也只用一般现在时表示将来意义。如:
Take care that it does not occur again. 注意别再发生这样的事。
We must take care that no one sees us. 我们必须注意别让人看见我们。
Make sure you come back soon. 你要保证快点回来。
Be careful that you don’t hurt her feelings. 当心别伤了她的感情。
Watch that the baby doesn’t go near the heater. 注意别让宝宝接近加热器。
Mind you read the examination questions carefully before you begin to answer them. 在答题前要注意仔细阅读考题。
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