高中英语语法重点总结集锦
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高中英语的语法难度慢慢变大,所以对于学生来说这是一种挑战,也是超越别人的一个机会,小编整理了英语高中语法57个常用的介词整理,希望能帮助到您。
高中英语语法重点总结集锦 1
①基本形式:doing (表示主动和进行)
②被动式:being done(表示被动和进行)
③完成式:having done(表示主动和完成)
④完成被动式:having been done(表示被动和完成)
He sat there,reading a newspaper. 他坐在那里,读着一张报纸。
The area being studied may be rich in coal. 这个正在被研究的地方可能富含煤。
Having finished my homework,I began to watch TV. 完成作业后,我开始看电视。
Having been told many times,she still can't remember it. 已经被告诉了很多次,她仍然记不住。
高中英语语法重点总结集锦 2
I 虚拟语气在if 引导的条件句中的易错点。
① if my lawyer had been here last Saturday, he would have prevented me from going.
② if you had studied hard at school, you would be a college student now.
句子①②都是虚拟语气在条件句中的使用,从句中都是假设过去的情况,所以用过去完成时,但在主句中,句①依然指代过去的情况,谓语动词是would have done,而②中含有一个表示现在的时间状语now, 这样就必须将其理解为假设现在的情况,所以谓语动词必须为would/should/might+动词原形,学生在这一点上经常会忽略now的存在,从而按句①的形式填写答案。
Ⅱ虚拟语气在名词性从句中的用法
1.在it is important (strange, natural, necessary...)+that 句子或者It is decided (ordered,suggested, demanded, advised...)+that句子中,主语从句中的谓语动词常用(should)+动词原形结构,表示某事“重要”、“必要”、“被决定”等
例如:① it is important that everyone (should ) obey the rules all day and all night.
② it is decided that the meeting (should) be held tomorrow afternoon.
2. suggest, insist 后面指宾语从句时需注意的地方
1)①suggest 当“建议”“提出”讲时,其后宾语从句的谓语动词常用“should+动词原形” 例如:He suggested that the work (should) be started at once 他建议立即动工。
类似的动词还有insist坚持,demand要求,desire要求、请求,request请求,require要求、需要,order命令,propose建议,command命令,ask要求,advise建议,prefer宁愿等。 这些动词变被动语态(如:It is suggested + that主语从句)形式后,主语从句谓语动词仍用“(should)+动词原形” 这些动词变名词(如suggestion)后,其后的表语从句和同位语从句中的谓语部分仍用“(should)+动词原形”
②suggest 当“提出(某看法),暗示,启发”讲时,其后宾语从句的动词不用虚拟语气。 例如:(1)The police suggested that the thief might be one of the family member
警察局提出窃贼可能是一名家庭成员。
(2)Her yawns suggests that she is sleepy. 她打哈欠表明她困了。
(3)Although he didn’t suggest that we __ the decision to swim across the river, but his look suggested that our decision __wrong.虽然他没提出我们应该终止游过这条河的决定,但他的表情表明我们的决定是错误的。
A:stop; wasB: should stop; be
C: stopped ;wasD: stopped; should be
在这个句子中,前一个suggest当“建议”“提出”讲,而后一个作“表明”讲,所以答案为“A”
2)①insist作“坚决要求…该…;坚持认为…定要…”讲时,其后宾语从句的谓语动词用“(should)+动词原形”
例如:I insisted that you (should) be there on time.我坚持认为你应该准时到那里去
②insist 作“坚持(意见,看法);坚持说,确信”讲时,其后从句不用虚拟语气。
例如:He suggested (that) he heard someone in the next room. 他坚持说他听到隔壁屋子里有人。
高中英语语法重点总结集锦 3
1、 at、in、on:如: 常用词组有: at noon, at night
表示时间的 at, in, on:
at 表示片刻的时间,at 8 o’clock,at midnight, at the end of, at that time, at the beginning of, at the age of, at Christmas, at New Year 等。
in 表示一段的时间
如:in the morning, in the afternoon, in the evening, in October, in 1998, in summer, in the past, in the future 等。
on 总是跟日子有关,on Monday, on Christmas morning, on the following, on May Day, on a warm morning 等。
2、表示时间的 since 和 from:since 表示从过去到现在的一段时间的过程,常与现在完成时连用;
from 表示从时间的某一点开始,不涉及与现在的关系。一般多与现在时、过去时、将来时连用。
如:I hope to do morning exercises from today./ We have not seen each other since 1995.
3、表示时间的 in 和 after:两者都表示“在(某个时间)之后,区别在于in表示“在(一段时间)之后” ,而 after 则表示“在(某一具体时间点之后),in 短语和将来时态连用,after 短语和过去时态或将来时态连用。
如:We’ll be back in three days.
After seven the rain began to fall.
What shall we do after graduation?
After two months he returned.
注意:after 有时也可以表示在一段时间之后(常用在过去时里)
4、表示地理位置的 in, on, to:in 表示在某范围内,on 指与什么毗邻,to 指在某环境范围之外
如:Changchun is in the northeast of China./ Mongolia is on the north of China./ Japan is tothe east of China.
5、表示“在...上”的 on 和 in:on 只表示在某物的表面上,而用 in 表示占去某物一部分,表示...上
如:There is a book on the piece of paper./ There is an interesting article in the newspaper./ He dug a hole in the wall.
6、表示“穿过...”的 through 和 across:through 表示从内部通过,与 in 有关;
across 表示“穿过...”,表示从一端至另一端在表面上的通过,与 on 有关。
如:Water flows through the pipe./ The old man walked across the street.
7、in the corner, on the corner, at the corner:in the corn 表示在落,in 指角的内面;
on the corner 表示“在角上” ,on 指的不是内面,也不是外面,而含内外兼有之意;
at the corner指“在拐角处” 指的是拐角外附近的外面。
如:The lamp stands in the corner of the room./ I met at with him at the street corner./ He sat on the corner of the table.
8、in the end, at the end of, by the end of:in the end 作“最后”“终于”解,可单独使用,后不接介词 of;
at the end of 表示“在...末梢”“到...尽头” ,既可指时间,也可以指地上或物体。不可单独使用;
y the end of 作“在...结束时”“到...末为止”解,只能指时间,不可单独使用。
如:In the end they reached a place of safety./ At the end of the road stands a beautiful garden./ They decided to have an English evening at the end of this week./ by the end of last month he had finished the novel.
9、表示“关于”的 about 和 on:两者都有“关于”的意思,不过前者为一般用词,而后者表示“关于” ,为较正式的 “论述”
如:He came to tell me about something important./ He wrote a book on science.
10、between, among:一般说来,between 表示两者之间,among用于三者或三者以上的中间。
如:You are to sit between your father and me./ He is always happy among his classmates.
注意:但有时说的虽然是三个以上的人或东西,如果强调的是两两相互间接关系,适用于between。
如:Agreements were made between the different countries.
在谈到一些事物或一组事物,而把它们视为分居两边时用 between。
如:The little valley lies between high mountains.
在谈事物 间的差别时,总是用 between。
如:They don’t know the difference between wheat, coats and barley.
11、besides, except, but, except for:besides 指除了...还有
如:All went out besides me
except 指“除了,减去什么” ,不能放在句首。
如:All went out except me.
ut 与 except 意思近似,表示“除了...外”经常用在 no, all, nobody, anywhere, everything 等和其他疑 问词后面。
如:I never saw him reading anything but the newspaper.;
except for 表示“如无...就, 只是”表明理由细节。
如:His diary is good except for a few spelling mistakes.
12、表示“用”的 in 和 with:表示工具的“用” 、表示“ ,用 with,而表示材料、方式、方法、度量、单位、语言、声音等的 “用” 用 in。
如:He is writing a letter with a pen./ He wrote the letter in pencil/We measured it in pounds./ Read the text in a loud voice./ Tell me the story in English.
13、charge of 和 in the charge of:in 两者都表示 “由谁负责、照顾、管理” 区别在于: charge of 后接被照管的人或物, in the charge of 后面则跟照管的人。
如:Who is in charge of the project
The project is in the charge of an engineer
14、as, like:as 作“作为”“以...地位或身份”解。
如:Let me speak to you as a father.(事实是父亲)
like 作“象...一样”解
如:Let me speak to you like a father.(事实上不是父亲)
15、in front of 和 in the front of:in front of = before,是“在...前面”的意思(不在某物内)
in the front of 则是“在...前部”的意思(在某物内)
如:There is a desk in front of the blackboard./ The boy sat in the front of the car.
16、in, into:into 表示动向,不表示目的地或位置。
如:We walked into the park.;in 通常表示位置。
We walked in the park;in 和 drop, fall, put, throw, break 等终止性动词连用时,也可以表示动向。
如:I have put the coin in (into) my pocket.我把硬币放进衣袋。
高中英语语法重点总结集锦 4
一、核心内容
动词学习的最核心内容是要弄清楚该动词是及物还是不及物。如果及物不及物不清楚,直接影响动词的语态问题、现在分词和过去分词问题、介词副词问题、宾语问题、定语从句的引导词问题等。请改正以下句中用得不恰当的动词:
① The old man was seating in the sofa, reading a newspaper.
② The students are listening the teacher very carefully.
③ I bought a nice pen yesterday, but I left in the market when I was buying some vegetables.
④ I will never forget the days when I spent with my dear classmates in the junior middle school.
【解析】
① seating改为seated。seat是及物动词,其后没有宾语,则应使用被动语态,此处表示“正坐在沙发中”的状态。
② listening后加to。listen是不及物动词,当后面需接宾语时,必须加上to才能变做及物动词。
③ left后加上it。leave是及物动词,此处表示“把钢笔落在市场里”,后面应加上it,代指the pen。
④ when改为that或which。定语从句中的spent是及物动词,表示“度过”。后面应有宾语,故应使用关系代词that或which引导。
二、高考试题中的动词考查
1.语法填空中动词的考查1)语法填空中考查动词一定会提示动词,在这种情况下,首先注意该动词是否做谓语。
如果做谓语,就应考虑时态、语态、动词单三等。时态主要看:
(1)句中的时间状语。每一种时态都有相关的时态标志词,如一般现在时会跟表示时间频率的词连用,如always,frequently, every day等;一般过去时与表示过去具体的时间状语连用,如in 2006,last year,in the morning,on Monday morning以及in the past,just now,when I was in the junior high school等;现在完成时会有already, yet, so far, up till now, since..., for..., twice,等;过去完成时、过去将来时一定有另一表示过去的时间点作为参照物进行比较。
①She told me she ___________ (graduate) from college in 2003.
②Jenny, who is now a secretary in an office, once ___________ (work) as a teacher for five years.
③Her brother watched the movie while she ___________ (wash) the clothes.
【解析】
①graduated。句中出现了表示过去的具体时间的状语in 2003,因此尽管毕业发生在告诉之前,也只能使用一般过去时。
②worked。句中虽然有表示“段时间”的for five years,但Jenny现在已不是教师,故当教师只是发生在过去某时的事情,与现在没有关系,应使用一般过去时。
③was washing。看电视是发生在她正洗衣服的过程中,故此处使用过去进行时,且while引导的从句中,其谓语动词必须是延续性的,使用过去进行时非常贴切。
(2)句中的其他动词时态
复合句或并列结构应考虑动词形式,尤其是时态需保持一致,应注意几个动词之间的逻辑关系、前后顺序等。
①She asked me whether I ___________ (make) a phone call to my parents.
②He told me he ___________ (read) a book at eight the day before yesterday.
【解析】
①had made/would make。由于该句语境不足,打电话的时间既可能已发生,也可能没发生,故过去完成时和过去将来时都对。
②was reading。虽然句中出现了the day before yesterday前天,但因为at eight是一个时间点,此处只能使用过去进行时,表示在前天八点钟正在读书。
(3)上下文暗示
语态主要看动词与其主语或宾语之间的关系,是施动者还是承受者。
①The radio ___________ (broadcast) every noon.
②The song ___________ (sing) in both English and Chinese.
【解析】
①broadcast。电台广播是一种主动关系,应使用主动语态,且The radio是单数第三人称,谓语动词应使用单三形式。
②is sung。歌曲只能是被人演唱的,应使用被动语态,The song是单数第三人称,故谓语动词为is sung。
2)如果动词不是做谓语有以下可能:做定语、状语、主语、宾语、表语、宾补等,不管是那种形式,都肯定是非谓语动词形式,则应根据语态、状态、性质等现在现在分词或过去分词,如果是目的状语则选择不定式,若做名词性质的成分则使用动名词形式。
①At that time the English ___________ (speak) was different from what we speak today.
②The work seems ___________ (challenge), but I still feel ___________ (encourage) to do it.
【解析】
①spoken。句中的was different是谓语,此处应为定语,表示“当时人们讲的英语” 。故使用过去分词spoken。
②challenging,challenged。第一空是指这项工作具有挑战性,表示主语的性质,应使用-ing形式;第二空表示感到有难度,是一种情绪状态,应使用过去分词表示心理状态。
3)不做谓语还有一种情况,即词性转化,一般是将动词变为名词。
①With the ___________ (develop) of economy, China is becoming stronger and stronger.
②We must stick to the mission to fight with ___________ (pollute) to the end.
【解析】
①development。空格前有冠词the,说明概括必须是名词,develop的名词形式是development。
②pollution。fight with是及物动词短语,后面应接名词形式做其宾语,故应使用pollution。
2. 短文改错中的动词考查
在短文改错中,动词考查一般涉及时态、语态、单三、非谓语动词、动词词性转换、拼写等。如:(2015年全国卷II)
One day, little Tony went to a shopping center with his parent. It was very crowded. Tony saw a toy on a shop window. He liked it so very much that he quickly walked into the shop. After looks at the toy for some time, he turned around and found where his parents were missing. Tony was scared and begun to cry. A woman saw him crying and telling him to wait outside a shop. Five minutes later. Tony saw parents. Mom said,” How nice to see you again! Dad and I were terrible worried.” Tony promised her that this would never happen again.
【解析】
1. parent改为parents。看下文可知,是父母两个,所以用parents。
2. on改为in。Tony走进商店,说明玩具在橱窗里面,用in。
3. very去掉。这里是“如此喜欢以至于”的意思,应该是:like so much that….
4. looks改为looking。after之后跟从句或v-ing形式,故looks改为looking 。
5. where改为that或者去掉where。found后面的宾语从句是陈述句,故where改为that或者去掉where。
6. begun改为began。and前后的谓语动词时态要一致,故begun改为began。
7. telling改为told。and前后的谓语动词时态要一致,see和tell是并列谓语,故telling改为told。
8. a改为the。由上下文可知,此处shop是第二次出现,应该用定冠词,故a改为the。
9. saw后加his。由上下文可知,他看到的是他的父母,故 saw后加his。
10. terrible改为terribly。修饰形容词worried要用副词,故 terrible改为terribly。
高中英语语法重点总结集锦 5
51. annoy sb. with sth./annoy sb. by doing sth. 因...使某人生气
52. one after another 相继
53. answer for 对...负责;answer sb.'s call 回电话;make no answer 不作回答
54. be anxious about ( for) 为...担心;be anxious to do 渴望(急于)做某事
55. apologize to sb. for sth./ make an apology to sb. for sth 因某事向某人道歉
56. in appearance 外貌上;make one's appearance 登台;by/from all appearances 显然
57. apply…to… 将...应用于...; apply for 申请;apply to 适应于;apply oneself to 专心致志于 ; apply to sb. for sth. 向某人申请某物
58. appoint sb. to a post 派某人任某职; appoint a time for the meeting 约定开会时间
59. approach to 接近;make an approach to 对...进行探讨
60. approve of 赞同
61. argue with/against sb. about/on sth. 与某人辩论某事;argue sb. into doing 说服某人做某事
62. arm in arm 臂挽臂;hand in hand 手拉手 ; shoulder to shoulder 肩并肩;take sth. in one's arms 抱;be armed to the teeth 全副武装
63. arrange for 安排;准备;arrange with sb. about sth. 与某人商定某事;make an arrangement( arrangements) for… 为...做好准备;安排
64. as a whole 作为总体;on the whole 总体上
65. as…as one can 尽力;尽可能
66. as to 至于;说到
67. be ashamed at sth. 为某事感到羞愧;be ashamed for 为某人感到羞愧
68. ask for sth. 请求;ask sb. for sth. 向某人索取某物;ask sb. to do sth. 要求某人做某事
69. every aspect of=all the aspects of 各个方面
70. assist sb. with sth./assist sb. in doing sth./assist sb. to do sth. 帮助某人做某事
71. associate..with… 把...和...联系起来 ; in association with … 与...联手
72. be astonished( surprised) at 对...感到惊奇
73. at the latest 最迟
74. e attached to 附属于...,依恋; attach sth. to… 把...系在...上
75. attempt/try to do sth.(make an attempt to do sth.) 企图做...;attempt at sth. 试图获得
76. attend to 关心;照料
77. attract/capture/catch/draw/get one's attention 吸引某人注意;hold one's attention on 将注意力集中于;devote one's attention to 专心于;turn one's attention to 将注意力转向;pay attention to 注意
78. one's attitude towards… 某人对...的态度
79. on (the ) average平均; above( below) average 平均以上(下)
80. be aware of 意识到,觉察
81. back and forth 来回地
82. at the back of sb./at sb.'s back 支持某人;at the back of 在...后;lie on one's back 朝天躺着
83. go from bad to worse 每况愈下
84. go bad(wrong/hungry) 变腐(错/饿)
85. keep(lose) balance 保持(失去)平衡 ;be in the balance 悬而未决
86. ban( prohibit) sb.from doing sth. 禁止某人做某事;be under a ban被禁止
87. base sth. on/upon sth. 使...以...为基础; be based on 基于;on…basis=on the basis of 以...为基础
88. battle against 向...开战; battle with 与...搏斗; battle for为...而战
89. because of + 名词(代词、 what 从句)
90. make the bed 整理床铺;in bed/on the bed 在床上
91. beg sb. to do sth.恳求某人干某事; beg for sth. 请求得到 ;beg sth. of sb.恳求某人某事
92. begin with 从...开始
93. on behalf of 代表 ; on sb.'s behalf 代表某人
94. believe in 信任
95. belong to (无被动语态) 属于
96. beyond recognition认不出来;beyond belief 难以置信; beyond description 无法用言语表达;beyond sb. 对某人来说难以理解
97. by birth 在血统上;at birth 诞生,出生;give birth to 生(产)
98. bit by bit 一点点地;do one's bit 尽某人一份力;quite a bit 相当多
比较: not a bit 一点也不;not a little 很,非常
99. be black and blue 遍体鳞伤的
100. bear the blame 受过lay/ put the blame on/upon sb. for sth. 把责任推到某人身上
高中英语语法重点总结集锦_精选范文网




