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高一英语语法名词性从句大全合集

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高中生学习英语的目的不仅在于通过英语考试,获得高分,更在于提高自己的综合能力和素养。今天小编在这给大家整理了高一英语必修一语法知识总结,接下来随着小编一起来看看吧!

高一英语语法名词性从句大全合集 1

  状语修饰动词、形容词、副词或全句,说明方式、因果、条件、时间、地点、让步、方向、程度、目的等。

  状语在句子中的位置很灵活,常见情况为:

  通常在句子基本结构之后,强调时放在句首;

  修饰形容词或副词时,通常位于被修饰的词之前;

  3)表示时间、地点、目的的状语一般位于句子两头,强调时放在句首,地点状语一般须在时间状语之前(如果修饰同一个动词的时间状语或地点状语不止一个,则一般按照“由小到大”排列);

  e.g. He arrived here at about ten o’clock yesterday morning.

  she lived in a small village in the north.

  4)一些表示不确定时间(如:often)或程度(如:almost)的副词状语通常位于be动词、助动词、情态动词之后,动词之前

  副词(短语)作状语:

  The boy needs a pen very much./男孩非常需要一支钢笔。(程度状语)

  The boy needs a pen now./ Now, the boy needs a pen./ The boy, now, needs a pen./男孩现在需要一支钢笔。(时间状语)

  介词短语作状语:In the classroom, the boy needs a pen./在教室里,男孩需要一支钢笔。(地点状语)

  Before his mother, Tom is always a boy./在母亲面前,汤姆总是一个男孩子.(条件状语)

  On Sundays, there is no student in the classroom./星期天,教室里没有学生.(时间状语)

  分词(短语)作状语:

  He sits there, asking for a pen./他坐在那儿要一支笔。(表示伴随状态)

  Having to finish his homework, the boy needs a pen./因为不得不完成作业,男孩需要一支笔。(原因状语)

  Frightened, he sits there soundlessly./(因为)受了惊吓,他无声地坐在那儿。(原因状语)

  不定式作状语:

  The boy needs a pen to do his homework./男孩需要一支笔写家庭作业。(目的状语)

  To make his dream come true, Tom becomes very interested in business./为实现梦想,汤姆变得对商业很有兴趣.

  名词作状语:

  Come this way!/走这条路!(方向状语)

  状语从句:

  时间状语从句、地点状语从句、原因状语从句、结果状语从句、目的状语从句、比较状语从句、让步状语从句、条件状语从句

高一英语语法名词性从句大全合集 2

  1.表示过去某一时间发生的动作或存在的状态。

  [例句] She went to the zoo yesterday.

  2.在时间、条件状语从句中代替过去将来时。

  [例句] He said when she came he would tell her.

高一英语语法名词性从句大全合集 3

  动词时态应注意的几点

  1.瞬间性动词的一般现在时和现在进行时常用来表示将来的动作。例句:

  ①The film begins in a minute.

  ②My uncle is leaving tomorrow morning.

  2.在时间、条件、让步状语从句中,常用一般现在时代替一般将来时。例句:

  ①Every time I listen to that song, I’ll think of my old friend.

  ②If you do that, I shall be very pleased.

  ③They’ll stand by you even if you don’t succeed.

  3.一般过去时和现在完成时的区别:一般过去时和现在完成时都表示过去所发生的动作,但现在完成时强调这一动作与现在的关系,如对现在产生的影响、结果等,所以它不能和表示过去的时间状语连用;一般过去时只表示过去的事实,不表示和现在的关系,因而它可以和表示过去的时间状语连用。如:

  —Have you finished your work?

  —Yes, I have.

  —When did you finish it?

  —I finished it last summer.

  2直接引语与间接引语转换时应注意的几个问题

  1.人称的变化

  2.时态的变化

  3.时间状语的变化

  4.地点状语的变化

  例句:

  ①Xiao Yi said, “I want to go to the park this afternoon.”

  →Xiao Yi said (that) he wanted to go to the park that afternoon.

  ②Bob said, “We’ll have a meeting here tomorrow morning.”

  →Bob said (that) they would have a meeting there the next morning.

  3定语从句中关系代词只能用that和不能用that的几种情况

  只能用that的情况

  1. 先行词是不定代词。

  例句:Please tell me everything that happened to you.

  2.先行词被形容词最高级、序数词或only, last, same, very等修饰。

  例句: ①This is the most interesting movie that I have ever seen.

  ②This is the only book that I read during the summer holiday.

  3.先行词既包括人又包括物。例句:She talked about the writer and his works that interested her.

  不能用that的情况

  1.非限制性定语从句中。

  例句:He said he could speak three foreign languages, which is not true.

  2. 先行词本身是that。

  例句:I have that which you gave me.

  3. “介词+关系代词”结构。

  例句:The person to whom I talked just now is Tom.

  4现在完成进行时与现在完成时进行的比较

  1.强调动作还未结束时,多用现在完成进行时;强调动作的结果时,多用现在完成时。例句:

  ①I have been painting the paining. (强调“一直在画”这个动作)

  ②I have painted the painting. (强调“画完了”这个结果)

  2.有些动词不能用在现在完成进行时中,但可用在现在完成时中。如:have, love, see等。例句:

  ①She has had a cold for a week.

  ②They have loved each other for three years.

  ③I have seen this movie.

  -ing形式:

  1. having done

  having done是非谓语动词中-ing形式的完成式,而doing则是其一般式,它们都与句中主语构成逻辑上的主谓关系,只是doing与句中谓语动词同时发生或基本上同时发生;having done则表示动作或状态发生在句中谓语动词之前。

  [例句]

  ①Hearing the news, they got excited. (hear和get excited这两个动作几乎同时发生)

  ②Having arrived at the top of mountain, they took a rest. (arrive发生在take a rest之前)

  2.动词后接动词的-ing形式和不定式有些动词后既可接动词的-ing形式也可接to do形式作宾语,但意义有所不同。

  [例如]

  ① forget / remember / regret doing sth.表示动作已经发生;

  forget / remember / regret to do sth.则表示该动作未发生。

  ② mean to do sth.表示“打算做某事”;

  mean doing sth.表示“意味着做某事”。

  ③ try to do sth.表示“设法尽力做某事”;

  try doing sth.表示“试着做某事”。

  ④ stop to do sth.表示“停下来接着做另一件事”;

  stop doing sth.表示“停止做某事”。

  ⑤ go on to do sth.表示“(做完某事)接着做另一件事”;

  go on doing sth.表示“继续做同一件事”(= go on with sth.)。

  ⑥ can’t help to do sth.表示“不能帮助做某事”;

  can’t help doing sth.表示“情不自禁地做某事”。

  3. have/has been doing

  have / has been doing是现在完成进行时的构成,强调动作的延续过程,动作可能还在进行。而have / has done是现在完成时的构成,强调动作的结果,该动作通常已经结束。

  [例句]

  ①I have written a book. (动作结束)

  ②I have been writing a book. (可能未写完,侧重最近一直忙于写书)

高一英语语法名词性从句大全合集 4

  (一)对名词数的概念和规则掌握不好

  英语中的名词有单数、复数、可数、不可数等形式,其变化形势复杂规则繁多,中学生常常对这些规则的运用不能得心应手,而汉语的名词有没有数的概念,一步强调可数与不可数。如:passer-by →(过路人),woman teachers →(女教师)。有些名词形式上虽然是单数,意义上却是复数。如:police →(警察),cattle→ (牛)。而另一些名词形式上虽然是复数,意义上却是单数。如:news →(消息),works →(著作)等。

  (二)冠词的用法相互混淆

  虽说英语中只有定冠词和不定冠词,但其用法并非三言两语可以说清,即使掌握一些规律也有不少例外。中国学生对用与不用冠词极其容易混淆。

  Can you play the violin?(在于其名词前,用定冠词)

  The young has turned writer.(在turn等连系动词后作表语的单数名词前习惯上不加上冠词)

  (三)对英语动词的几种形式相互混淆

  英语动词是句子的关键。就英语动词分类而言,有及物动词、不及物动词、瞬间动词、延续动词、感官动词、连系动词等,每一类的动词都有各自的用法特征,中国学生常常把不及物动词当做及物动词用,把瞬间动词当做延续动词用。

  (误)He has come here for three years.

  (正)He has been here for three years.

  (误)I have bought the computer for a long time

  (正)I have had the computer for a long time

  就动词的形式而言,非限定动词的时态和语态也令中国学生头痛,因为有些动词要求后面接动名词作宾语,有些动词要求后面接动词不定式作宾语,还有的两者都可以接。

  Would you mind opening the window?

  I remember seeing him somewhere before.

  Please remember to shut the door.

  又如,非谓语动词不仅仅跟句子中的主语有直接的逻辑关系,而且还跟非谓语动词做什么状语有关。

  (误)Seeing from the top of the hill , the city looks much more beautiful.

  (正)Seen from the top of the hill , the city looks much more beautiful.

  “see” 的主语应该是人,而不是“the city”,因此要用 “see” 的过去分词形式,表示被动。类似这样的错误在学生中是很常见的。

  (四)易混淆动词的时态概念和形式

  英语动词的时态有16种,常用的也有9种。虽说他们的形式是固定的,但用法是灵活的。因此中国学生常常把某种时态的用法套在另一种时态的用法上。该用过去时态的地方却用过去完成时态代替,该用过去完成时态的地方却过去时态用代替。

  (误)I had met him in the street this morning.

  (正)I met him in the street this morning.

  (误)I thought you finished your homework.

  (正)I had thought you finished your homework.

  (误)When I got to the cinema ,the film already began.

  (正)When I got to the cinema ,the film had already begun..

  (五)对英语被动语态的形式和用法不能运用自如

  汉语中比英语被动语态的使用频率相对来说要少得多。中国学生不习惯用英语被动句。汉语的被动句往往就用一个字就可以决定其被动意思,而英语的被动形式不仅与动词本身的形式有关,而且还与时态、语气以及主语与动词的关系有关。

  (误)Australia speaks English.

  (正)English is spoken in Australia.

  (误)What is to do next?

  (正)What is to be done next?

  (误)I remember taking to Beijing when I was a child.

  (正)I remember being taken to Beijing when I was a child.

  (六)虚拟语气形式的复杂性和用法的灵活性令中国学生感到困惑

  (误)I wish I know the answer now.

  (正)I wish I knew the answer now.

  (误)If you had come a few minutes earlier, you would meet the scientist.

  (正)If you had come a few minutes earlier, you would have met the scientist.

  (误)I suggest he goes to see the doctor at once.

  (正)I suggest he (should) go to see the doctor at once.

  (七)不用或错用英语连接词

  汉语是综合性语言,强调的是“意合”,句语句之间可以不用连词,把种.种关系隐含在上下文中:英语是分析性语言,强调的是“行合”,句语句之间或者是主句和从句之间需要一种方式来表达它们之间的句法关系。

  (误)Although he is old, but he works hard.

  (正)Although he is old, he works hard.

  (误)Because he was ill, so he didn’t go to school.

  (正)Because he was ill, so he didn’t go to school.

  (正)Because he was ill, he didn’t go to school.

  (正)He was ill, so he didn’t go to school.

  (八)忽视一致性问题

  汉语的人称代词和主谓一致问题十分简单,但英语中的人称和主谓一致的问题却比较复杂,令中国学生困惑不已。

  (误)Three years in a foreign country seem like a long time.

  (正)Three years in a foreign country seems like a long time.

  注:主语形式上虽为复数,但意义上视为单数,谓语动词应该为单数形式。

  (误)The mother together with her daughter are on the way to school.

  (正)The mother together with her daughter is on the way to school.

  注:主语是“The mother”而不是“The mother together with her daughter”。因此谓语动词应该为单数形式。

  (误)The crowd was fighting for their lives.

  (正)The crowd were fighting for their lives.

  注:主语形式上虽为单数,但意义上视为复数,谓语动词应该为复数形式。

  (九)英语从句形式多且表现形式复杂

  英语的从句主要有:主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句、同位语从句、定语从句、状语从句等,每种从句都要求用相应的语法形式。因此牵涉到连词、关系代词、关系副词的选择时,中国学生就很容易混淆;在英语表达时,也往往忽视英语中的连词。

  1、主语从句

  (误)If he’s coming or not doesn’t matter too much.

  (正)Whether he’s coming or not doesn’t matter too much.

  2、表语从句

  (误)This is that he want.

  (正)This is what he want.

  3、定语从句

  (误)Everything which he said greatly interested us.

  (正)Everything that he said greatly interested us.

  4、同位语从句

  (误)That fact which the earth travels around the sun is known to all.

  (正)That fact that the earth travels around the sun is known to all.

  5、状语从句

  (误)However you say , I will not change my mind.

  (正)Whatever you say , I will not change my mind.

高一英语语法名词性从句大全合集 5

  一. 动词概说

  1. 动词(verb)是表示动作或状态的词。

  1)表示动作:swim游泳;push推

  2)表示状态:have有;be是

  2. 英语动词有时态、语态、语气等形式上的变化。

  二. 动词的分类

  1. 谓语动词和非谓语动词

  从是否能充当句子中的谓语来看,动词有谓语动词和非谓语动词两大类。

  1) 谓语动词

  有人称和数的变化。如:

  He is a tractor driver.他是一个拖拉机手。

  Facts are more eloquent than words.事实胜于雄辩。

  We have friends all over the world.我们的朋友遍天下。

  An apple falls by the force of gravitation.地心吸力使苹果落地。

  2) 非谓语动词

  非谓语动词有动词不定式、动名词和分词三种,在句子里都不能单独作谓语,没有人称和数的变化。如:

  I am pleased to meet you.我很高兴与你相识。(动词不定式)

  Smoking is harmful to the health.吸烟对身体有害。(动名词)

  I heard them singing the Internationale。我听见他们唱《国际歌》。(现在分词)

  Spoken words are often more powerful than writing.语言往往比文字更有力。(过去分词)

  2. 实义动词、连系动词、情态动词和助动词

  从其含义来分,动词有实义动词(notional verb),连系动词(link verb),情态动词(modal verb)和助动词(auxiliary verb)四类。

  1) 实义动词

  实义动词有完全的词义,并能独立作谓语动词。如:

  The sun shone brightly this morning.今天早晨阳光灿烂。

  He likes to go for a long walk on sundays.他喜欢星期日出去作长距离散步。

  We have a big TV set in the club.我们俱乐部有台大电视机。

  2) 连系动词

  连系动词在句中作谓语动词,后面跟表语。英语连系动词有be(是),seem(似乎),look(看来),keep(保持),become(变成),get(变得),grow(变得),feel(感到),turn(变得,变成),appear(显得),remain(仍旧是)等。如:

  It is never too late to mend.改过不嫌晚。

  It was a close game.那场球赛比分很接近。

  The children in this nursery look very healthy.这个托儿所的孩子看起来都非常健康。

  Keep quiet,please!请安静!,

  The tape recorder seems all right.这台录音机好像没有毛病。

  Later he became a doctor.他后来成为一名医生。

  The problem remained unsolved until last year.问题到去年才解决。

  [注一]下面句子中的come和go也是连系动词。如:

  The old man's dream has come true.这位老人的梦想实现了。

  Something has gone wrong with the truck.卡车出毛病了。

  [注二] 有些连系动词如seem, appear等后面常跟to be。如:

  The new text seens to be easy,but actually it is rather difficult.这篇新课文好像很容易,其实相当难。

  She appears to be the girl's sister.她似乎是那女孩的姐姐。

  3) 情态动词

  情态动词有can (能),may (可以,也许),must(必须)等,表示能力、义务、必要、猜测等说话人的语气或情态。情态动词只能和主要动词一起构成谓语动词。

  4) 助动词

  助动词有shall,will,have,be,should,wonld, do等。它们只能和主要动词一起构成各种时态、语态、语气等动词形式,以及否定和疑问等结构中的谓语动词。

  3. 及物动词和不及物动词

  从是否能直接跟宾语来分,实义动词又有及物动词和不及物动词两类。

  1) 及物动词

  后面必须跟宾语意义才完整的实义动词,叫做及物动词(transitive verb)。如:

  I believe that the committee will consider our suggestion.我相信委员会将会考虑我们的建议。

  "How long can I keep the book ?"Harry asked.哈里问:"这本书我可以借多久?"

  Dr. Bethune set us a good example. 白求恩大夫给我们树立了好榜样。

  Crude oil contains many useful substances.原油含有许多有用的物质。

  2) 不及物动词

  本身意义完整后面不须跟宾语的实义动词,叫做不及物动词(intransitive verb)。如:

  Birds fly.鸟会飞。

  It happened in June 1932.这件事发生于一九三;年六月。

  My watch stopped.我的表停了。

  She spoke at the meeting yesterday evening. 她在昨天晚上的会上发了言。

  3) 兼作及物动词和不及物动词

  英语里有不少实义动词可以兼作及物动词和不及物动词。这样的动词又有两种不同的情况:

  a) 兼作及物动词和不及物动词时,意义不变。试比较:

  Shall I begin at once?我可以立刻开始吗?(begin作不及物动词)

  She began working as a librarian after she left school.她毕业后当图书馆管理员。(began作及物动词)

  When did they leave Chicago?他们是什么时候离开芝加哥的?(leave 作及物动词)

  They left last week. 他们是上周离开的。(left 作不及物动词)

  b) 兼作及物动词和不及物动词时,有时意义不尽相同。如:

  Wash your hands before meals.饭前要洗手。

  Does this cloth wash well? 这布经得起洗吗?

  4) 与汉语的比较

  有时英语动词的及物和不及物的用法,与汉语的用法不一样,请注意下列两种情况:

  a)有的动词在英语里只能用作不及物动词,而汉语则可用作及物动词,如arrive到达,agree同意,1isten听。英语里这些动词后面常接介词。如:

  We arrived at the railway station at noon.我们于中午到达火车站。(at不能省去)(比较:We reached the railway station at noon.)

  Everybody listened to the lecture with great interest.每个人都很有兴趣地听讲课。(to不可省去)(比较:We all heard the lecture.)

  Do they agree to the plan?他们同意这个计划吗?(to不可省去)

  b)有的动词在英语里能用作及物动词,而在汉语里则不能用作及物动词,如serve为…服务。

  Our children are taught to serve the people wholeheartedly.我们的儿童被教以全心全意为人民服务。

  4. 短语动词

  动词常和某些其他词类用在一起,构成固定词组,形成所谓短语动词(phrasal verb)。和动词一样,短语动词也可分为及物和不及物两种。短语动词可以作为一个整体看待,同一般动词一样使用。

  1) 动词 + 介词

  这类短语动词用作及物动词,后面须跟宾语。如:

  The small boy insisted on going with his parents.那男孩坚持要跟父母一起去。

  Do you often listen to broadcasts in English? 你常听英语广播吗?

  Look at the children. Aren't they lovely?看着这些孩子们。他们多么可爱呀!

  We stand for self-reliance.我们是主张自力更生的。

  这一类的短语动词还有很多,如depend on (upon)(依*),wait on (服侍),look for (寻找),deal with(对待),look after(照料),wait for(等待)等。

  2) 动词+副词

  这类短语动词有的用作及物动词,有的用作不及物动词。如:

  I always get up as soon as the bell rings. 我总是一打铃就起床。(不及物)

  Look out,there's a car coming! 当心,来汽车了!(不及物)

  Have you handed in your exercises already? 你已经交练习了吗?(及物)

  Please don't forget to put on your coat;it's cold outside.请不要忘记穿外衣,外面很冷。(及物)

  这一类的短语动词还有很多,及物如 put out (扑灭), eat up (吃光),putdown(放下);不及物如set off (出发),come up(走近),go on(继续)。

  [注一] "动词+副词"这类短语动词和上面第一类"动词 + 介词"的不同之处在于:"动词+ 介词"用作及物动词,后面须跟宾语。"动词 + 副词"则有的及物,有的不及物;用作及物动词而宾语为人称代词或自身代词时,副词往往放在宾语之后。如:

  Please wake me up at five tomorrow.请在明天早上五点唤醒我。

  If you have done your exercises,please hand them in.如果你们练习做完了请交来。

  She doesn't normally behave like that;she's putting it on.她通常并不如此表现,她是装出来的。

  [注二] 这类短语动词有不少可兼作及物和不及物动词用。如:

  He took off his hat when he entered the office.

  他进办公室后脱下帽子。(及物)

  The plane took off at seven sharp.

  飞机在七点整起飞。(不及物)

  Charlie rang up Neil to ask about the time of the meeting.

  查理打电话给尼尔问开会的时间。(及物)

  If you can't come,please ring up and let us know.你如来不了,请来电话告诉我们一声。(不及物)

  3) 动词 + 副词 + 介词

  短语动词"动词 + 副词"之后有的可以再加一个介词,形成另一种短语动词。这类短语动词用作及物动词。如:

  Do not give up hope. We must go on with the experiment

  不要失望。我们必须继续试验。(go on with继续)

  He came up to me.他走到我跟前。(come up to走近)

  这类短语动词还有:look down upon(看不起),do away with(去掉),put up with(忍受)等。

  4) 动词 + 名词 + 介词

  这类短语动词也是及物的。如

  He shook hands with all the guests at the banquet.他在宴会上和宾客一一握手。

  Young pioneers often come to the Children's Palace to take part in after=school activities. 少先队员经常到少年宫来参加课外活动。

  Pay attention to the temperature of the stored rice.注意仓库里的稻谷的温度。

  Her job is taking care of the babies.她的工作是照顾婴儿。

  这一类短语动词还有:put an end to (结束),take notice of (注意),catch hold of (抓住),lose sight of(看不见),make use of(利用)等

TAG标签: 英语 知识点

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