江苏高考英语知识点参考推荐
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动词和动词短语是历年高考单项填空考查的核心热点,每年必考,一般占12道题。设题时往往都是给出四个不同的动词或动词短语(有时是同一动词与不同介词或副词的搭配)来测试考生在具体语境中对动词及动词短语意义的理解和实际运用能力。以下是学习啦小编为大家编辑的英语学习方法文章,仅供考生参考,欢迎大家阅读!
江苏高考英语知识点参考推荐 1
一、就近一致原则
1.由or,not only...but also...,neither...nor...,either...or...,whether...or...,not...but...等连接两个或两个以上的并列主语时,通常根据就近一致原则,谓语动词要与离它最近的主语在数上保持一致。
either his parents nor I am able to persuade him to change his mind.
2.here/there引导一个句子而主语又不止一个时,通常根据就近原则,谓语动词要与离它最近的主语在数上保持一致。
Here is a ruler,a few pencils and two copybooks.
二、意义一致原则
1.谓语动词必须用单数的情况
(1)表示学科的名词以及works(工厂),news(消息)等作主语时,虽然本身为复数形式,但表示单数意义时,谓语动词仍用单数。
olitics is his favorite subject.
(2)表示某些组织机构的名词、书/报名、国名、地名等作主语时,虽然形式上是复数,但所表示的意义是单数,所以谓语动词用单数。
Do you know when the United Nations was set up?
2.谓语动词必须用复数的情况
表示总称意义的名词,如people,police,public,cattle等作主语时,谓语动词用复数。
The police are searching for the murderer.
3.谓语动词的形式依据主语表示的意义而定
(1)集体名词,如family,class,group,team,club,company,government,population等作主语时,谓语动词的形式根据其在语境中表示的意义而定。当其表示集体意义,强调整体概念时,谓语动词用单数;当其表示集体中各个组成部分,强调个体概念时,谓语动词用复数。
As far as I know,his family is not very large but the family are all music lovers.
(2)“the+形容词/分词”表示“一类人”时,谓语动词用复数。
The poor were looked down upon in the old days.
三、语法一致原则
1.由and连接的两个名词作主语
(1)“a/the+名词单数+and+名词单数”表示一个人(双重身份),谓语动词用单数。
The teacher and poet often gives lectures around the city.
(2)“a/the+名词单数+and+a/the+名词单数”表示两个人,谓语动词用复数。
The teacher and the poet have just arrived.
(3)“every+名词单数+and+every+名词单数”表示每一个人,谓语动词用单数。
Every boy and every girl has the right to receive education in our country.
(4)通常由两个部件组成的物品如:a knife and fork (一副刀叉)等作主语,谓语动词用单数。
read and butter is not to his taste.
2.表示时间、数量、长度及价格的名词,尽管有时是复数形式但常被看作是一个整体,谓语动词用单数形式。
Is fifty pounds enough?
3.“分数/百分数+of+名词”作主语时,谓语动词的形式根据of后的名词的形式来定,如果名词是可数名词复数,谓语动词用复数形式;如果名词是单数可数名词或不可数名词,谓语动词用单数形式。
Two-thirds of the books are about science.
Only 30% of the work was done yesterday.
江苏高考英语知识点参考推荐 2
定冠词the与指示代词this,that同源,有“那(这)个”的意思,但意义较弱,可以和一个名词连用,来表示某个或某些特定的人或东西。
1)特指双方都明白的人或物。例如:
Take the medicine. 把药吃了。
2)上文提到过的人或事。例如:
He bought a house. I’ve been to the house. 他买了幢房子。我去过那幢房子。
3)指世上独一无二的事物。例如:
the sun,the sky,the moon,the earth等。
4)与单数名词连用表示一类事物。例如:
the dollar,the fox等。
或与形容词、分词连用,表示一类人。例如:
the rich,the living等。
5)用在序数词和形容词最高级,及形容词only,very,same等前面。例如:
Where do you live? I live on the second floor. 你住在哪?我住在二层。
That’s the very thing I’ve been looking for. 那正是我要找的东西。
6)与复数名词连用,指整个群体。例如:
They are the teachers of this school. (指全体教师)
They are teachers of this school. (指部分教师)
7)表示所有,相当于物主代词,用在表示身体部位的名词前。例如:
he caught me by the arm. 她抓住了我的胳膊。
8)用在某些由普通名词构成的国家名称、机关团体、阶级、等专有名词前。例如:
the People’s Republic of China 中华人民共和国
the United States 美国
9)用在表示乐器的名词之前。例如:
he plays the piano. 她会弹钢琴。
10)用在姓氏的复数名词之前,表示一家人。例如:
the Greens 格林一家人 (或格林夫妇)
11)用在惯用语中。例如:
in the day,in the morning(afternoon,evening),the day after tomorrow,the day before yesterday,the next morning,in the sky(water,field,country),in the dark,in the rain,in the distance,in the middle(of),in the end,on the whole,by the way,go to the theatre
江苏高考英语知识点参考推荐 3
case用法小结
(1)名词case的词意
①意为
If that's the case, you'll have to work much harder.如果是那种情形的话,你将不得不更加努力地工作。
②意为
There were seven cases of cholera.有7起霍乱的病例。
The civil case will be heard in court next week. 这一案件将于下星期审理。
③意为
John bought a case of beer.约翰买了一箱啤酒。
(2)由case构成的短语
①in case意为
It may rain-you'd better take an umbrella(just)in case(it does).可能下雨--你最好带把雨伞,以防万一。
In case(=If)he arrives before I get back, please ask him to wait.
如果他在我回来之前到,请让他等一下。
He doesn't dare to leave the house in case(that)he should be recognized.他不敢出门,生怕被认出来。
②in that case意为
In that case, you wouldn't have a pan on fire. You'd have a house on fire!
要是那样,你就不光使锅着火,你还会把房子烧起来。
You don't like the job? In that case why don't you leave?你不喜欢这份工作?那你怎么不辞掉呢?
He may be late. In that case we ought to wait for him.他可能迟到,因此我们应该等他。 ③in any case意为
We have to help him to pay the debt in case.我们无论如何要帮他还债。
④in no case意为
⑤in case of sth.意为
In case of fire, ring the alarm bell.遇火警时立即按警铃。
In case of rain(=In case it rains),they can't go.要是下雨,他们就走不了了。
In case of his being absent, we'll put off the meeting till next week.如果他缺席,我们就会把会议推迟到下周。
江苏高考英语知识点参考推荐 4
高考对冠词的考查几乎每年都有一道题,而且都设两空,以增加覆盖面和难度。考生在冠词试题上失分较多,主要是缺乏语感,对一些知识点掌握不够透彻。高考冠词主要考查其基本用法,包括定冠词与不定冠词的区别用法、名词前省略冠词的场合、特指与泛指的区分以及习语中冠词的用法等。
江苏高考英语知识点参考推荐 5
【典例】—What do you think the should do first?
—They should learn to take as well as share rights in life.
A. grown-up; responsibility B. growns-up; responsibility
C. grown-ups; responsibilities D. growns-ups; responsibilities
错因分析:有些考生以为grown是复合名词的中心词,其复数形式应该在grown后面加-s;另一方面认为responsibility是不可数名词,没有复数形式,从而错选B.其实,grown-up没有中心名词,其复数形式应该在up后面加-s;同时根据语境可知,responsibility指义务,该单词作“义务,职责”讲时,可作可数名词或不可数名词,故正确答案选C.
复合名词的复数形式一般在中心名词后面加-s,如:looker-on → lookers-on, son-in-law → sons-in-law;但是当复合名词没有中心名词时,其复数形式是在最后的词后面加-s,如:grown-up → grown-ups; go-between → go-betweens.
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