高一英语必修二unit1知识点精选总结

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高一英语必修二unit1知识点精选总结 1

　　重点

　　1.句子的成分和种类

　　2.状语、定语、名词性从句

　　3.重点词汇和句型

　　难点

　　1.翻译的技巧

　　2.时态(含现在完成进行时和将来完成时)及语态(含主动表被动)

　　一、英语简单句的五种基本结构

　　S+V是主谓

　　S+V+DO 是主谓加双宾

　　S+V+P是主谓宾

　　S(主语)+V(谓语)+ I(间接宾语)+D(直接宾语)

　　S(主语)+V(动词)+O (宾语)+Complement(补语)

　　1Subject (主语) + Verb (谓语)

　　这种句型中的动词大多是不及物动词，这些动词常见的有：appear, apologize,arrive, come, die, disappear, exist, fall, happen, rise,等等。如：

　　The students work very hard.

　　学生们学习很努力。

　　She apologized to me again.

　　她再次向我道歉。

　　The accident happened yesterday evening.

　　事故是昨天晚上发生的。

　　2Subject (主语) + Link. V(系动词) + Predicate(表语)

　　这种句型中的系动词一般可分为下列两类：

　　(1)表示状态的连系动词。这些词有：be, look, seem, appear, smell, taste, sound, keep, remain, 等等。如：

　　Several players lay flat on the playground.

　　几个队员平躺在操场上。

　　We should remain modest and prudent any time

　　.我们在任何时候都应该保持谦虚谨慎。

　　This kind of food tastes terrible.

　　这种食物吃起来很糟糕。

　　The picture looks more beautiful at a certain distance.

　　这幅画在一定的距离看更漂亮一些。

　　(2)表示转变或结果的系动词。这些词有：become, get, grow, turn, go, come, prove,等等。如：

　　Spring comes. It is getting warmer and warmer.

　　春天到了，天气变得越来越暖和。

　　Don't have the food. It has gone bad.

　　不要吃那种食物，已经变质了。

　　The facts prove true.

　　事实证明是正确的。

　　3Subject(主语) + Verb (谓语) + Object (宾语)

　　这种句型中的动词应为及物动词或者可以后接宾语的动词短语。同时，句子中有时含有与宾语有关的状语。作宾语的成分常是：名词、代词、动词不定式、动名词或从句。如：

　　You can put the books in your bag.

　　你可以把书放在书包里。

　　Farmers in our area grow lots of vegetables.

　　我们这里的农民种很多种蔬菜。

　　She lost the chance to make her appearance on the stage.

　　她失去了在舞台上露面的机会。

　　I prefer to make web pages.

　　我更喜欢做网页。

　　4Subject(主语)+Verb(谓语)+ Indirect object(间接宾语)+Direct object (直接宾语)

　　这种句型中作间接宾语的常常指“人”，直接宾语常常指“物”。如：

　　Yesterday her father bought her a bicycle as a birthday present.

　　昨天她父亲给她买了一辆自行车作为生日礼物。

　　The old man is telling the children stories in the Long March.

　　老人正在给孩子们讲长征中的故事。

　　这种句型还可转换为其他两种句型：

　　1)动词 + 宾语 + for sb.;

　　2)动词 + 宾语+to sb.。如：

　　Please show me your picture.

　　-Please show your picture to me.

　　请把你的画给我看一下。

　　I'll offer you a good chance as long as you don't lose heart.

　　—I'll offer a good chance for you as long as you don't lose heart.

　　只要你不失去信心，我会给你提供机会的。

　　4Subject(主语)+Verb (动词)+Object (宾语)+Complement(补语)

　　这种句型中的宾语+ 补语可统称为“复合宾语”。担任补语的常常是名词、形容词、副词、介词短语、分词、动词不定式等。如：

　　Keep the children quiet, please.

　　请让孩子们安静下来。

　　He painted the wall white.

　　他把墙漆成白色。

　　We found him an honest person.

　　我们发现他是一个诚实的人。

　　His mother told him not to play on the street.

　　他母亲告诉他不要在街上玩。

　　注意：动词have, make, let, see, hear, notice, feel, observe, watch等后面所接的动词不定式作宾补时，不带to。如：

　　The boss made him do the work all day.

　　老板让他整天做那项工作。

　　二、英语句子种类两种分类法

　　按句子的用途可分四种：

　　1)陈述句(肯定、否定)：He is six years old. She didn’t hear of you before.

　　2)疑问句(一般、特殊、选择、反意)：

　　Do they like skating? How old is he?

　　Is he six or seven years old?

　　Mary can swim, can’t she?

　　3)祈使句：Be careful, boys. Don’t talk in class

　　4)感叹句：How clever the boy is! What a clever boy he is!

　　按句子的结构可分三种：

　　1)简单句：只有一个主语(或并列主语)和一个谓语(或并列谓语)。

　　He often reads English in the morning. Tom and Mike are American boys.

　　She likes drawing and often draws pictures for the wall newspapers.

　　2) 并列句：由并列连词(and, but, or等)或分号(;)把两个或两个以上的简单句连在一起构成。

　　You help him and he helps you.

　　The future is bright; the road is tortuous. 前途是光明的，道路是曲折的。

　　3)复合句：含有一个或一个以上从句的句子。英语从句包括名词性从句(主语从句,表语从句,宾语从句和同位语从句),定语从句和状语从句等。

　　The foreign visitors took a lot of pictures when they were at the Great Wall.

　　小练习

　　判断下列句子是简单句、并列句还是复合句：

　　1.The farmer is showing the boy how to plant a tree.

　　2. Both Tom and Jack enjoy country music.

　　3. The boy who offered me his seat is called Tom.

　　4. My brother and I go to school at half past seven in the morning and come back home at seven.

　　5. He is in Class One and I am in Class Two.

　　6. He was fond of drawing when he was yet a child.

　　7. Neither has he changed his mind, nor will he do so.

　　8. What he said at the meeting is very important, isn’t it?

　　三、英语句子成分分析

　　1主语(subject): 句子说明的人或事物。

　　The sun rises in the east. (名词)

　　He likes dancing. (代词)

　　Twenty years is a short time in history. (数词)

　　Seeing is believing. (动名词)

　　To see is to believe. (不定式)

　　What he needs is a book. (主语从句)

　　It is very clear that the elephant is round and tall like a tree.

　　(It形式主语，主语从句是真正主语)

　　附带复习一下it 作形式主语的一些用法: 当主语部分太长时为了句子平衡采用it作形式主语。所谓形式是指句子的真正主语将在句子末段出现

　　1.it is+名词+从句 :It is a surprise that you give such an answer to this question.

　　2. it is +形容词+从句: It is certain that free medical care will be given to most people in our city.

　　3. It +动词+从句: It appeared that he had a taste for music.

　　4. It be +分词+从句:It is said that Li Tao has been to Europe.

　　2谓语(predicate):说明主语的动作、状态和特征

　　We study English.

　　He is asleep.

　　3表语(predicative):系动词之后的成分，表示主语的性质、状态和特征。

　　He is a teacher. (名词)

　　Seventy-four! You don’t look it. (代词)

　　Five and five is ten. (数词)

　　He is asleep. (形容词)

　　His father is in. (副词)

　　The picture is on the wall. (介词短语)

　　My watch is gone / missing / lost. (形容词化的分词)

　　To wear a flower is to say “I’m poor, I can’t buy a ring. ” (不定式)

　　The question is whether they will come. (表语从句)

　　常见的系动词有:

　　be, sound(听起来)， look(看起来)， fee l(摸起来)，smell(闻起来)，taste(尝、吃起来)， remain(保持，仍是)， feel(感觉) ….

　　It sounds a good idea.

　　The sound sounds strange.

　　Her voice sounds sweet.

　　Tom looks thin.

　　The food smells delicious.

　　The food tastes good.

　　The door remains open.

　　Now I feel tired.

　　4宾语：

　　1)动作的承受者——动宾

　　I like China. (名词)

　　He hates you. (代词)

　　How many do you need? We need two. (数词)

　　We should help the old and the poor.

　　I enjoy working with you. (动名词)

　　I hope to see you again. (不定式)

　　Did you write down what he said? (宾语从句)

　　2)介词后的名词、代词和动名词——介宾

　　Are you afraid of the snake?

　　Under the snow, there are many rocks.

　　3) 双宾语——间宾(指人)和直宾(指物)

　　He gave me a book yesterday.

　　Give the poor man some money.

　　5宾补：对宾语的补充，全称为宾语补足语。

　　We elected him monitor. (名词)

　　We all think it a pity that she didn’t come here. (名)

　　We will make them happy. (形容词)

　　We found nobody in. (副词)

　　Please make yourself at home. (介词短语)

　　Don’t let him do that. (省to不定式)

　　His father advised him to teach the lazy boy a lesson. (带to不定式)

　　Don’t keep the lights burning. (现在分词)

　　I’ll have my bike repaired. (过去分词)

　　6主补：对主语的补充。

　　He was elected monitor.

　　She was found singing in the next room.

　　He was advised to teach the lazy boy a lesson.www.oh100.com

　　7定语：修饰或限制名词或代词的词、词组或句子。

　　Ai Yanling is a chemistry teacher.(名词)

　　He is our friend. (代词)

　　We belong to the third world. (数词)

　　He was advised to teach the lazy boy a lesson.(形容词)

　　The man over there is my old friend.(副词)

　　The woman with a baby in her arms is my sister. (介词)

　　The boys playing football are in Cla2. (现在分词)

　　The trees planted last year are growing well now. (过去分词)

　　I have an idea to do it well. (不定式)

　　You should do everything that I do. (定语从句)

　　8状语：用来修饰v., adj., adv., or 句子。表示时间、地点、原因、目的、结果、程度、条件、方式和让步。

　　(以下例句按上述顺序排列)

　　I will go there tomorrow.

　　The meeting will be held in the meetingroom.

　　The meat went bad because of the hot weather.

　　He studies hard to learn English well.

　　He didn’t study hard so that he failed in the exam.

　　I like some of you very much.

　　If you study hard, you will pathe exam.

　　He goes to school by bike.

　　Though he is young, he can do it well.

高一英语必修二unit1知识点精选总结 2

重点词汇、短语

urvive 幸免，生存，生还 in search of 寻找 ｓｅｌｅｃｔ 挑选 design 设计，图案，构思 fancy 奇特的，异样的，想象 decorate 装饰，装潢 belong to 属于 in return 作为回报 at war 处于交战中 remove 移动，搬动 less than 少于 doubt 怀疑 worth 值得的，相当于…的价值 take apart 拆开 explode 爆炸 sink 下沉，沉下 think highly of 高度评价

重点句型

There is no doubt that… 毫无疑问… when 的用法 was/were doing…when… 正在做某事…这时

was/wereabout to do… when…. 将要做某事…这时

had just done…when… 刚做完某事…这时

China is larger than any other countryin the world. (同一范围内的比较)

he runsfaster than any man in Greece. (不同范围内的比较) the way 的用法 The way___ he explained to us was quitesimple. (that/which/省略) The way ___ he explained the sentence tous was not difficult. (that/in which/ 省略) worth 的用法 be (well) worth doing sth (很)值得做某事 be worthy to be done = be worthy ofbeing done It’s worthwhile to do sth = it’s worthwhile doing sth “疑问词+ to do” 结构，在句中做主语、宾语、表语 How to do it is a question. I don’t know what to do next. it 做形式主语

It has been proved that pride goesbefore a fall. 事实证明骄必败。 what 引导主语从句，在从句中作主语 What he has said is of great importance.What happened to him remained unknown.

语法总结

非限定性定语从句 非限定性定语从句的作用是对所修饰的成分作进一步说明(注：通常和主句间用逗号隔开，不受主句结构影响，将从句拿掉后其他部分仍可成立) 限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句的六点区别 区别一：形式不同

限定性定语从句主句和从句之间不用逗号隔开，口语中使用时也不停顿;而非限定性定语从句与主句之间通常有逗号隔开，口语中使用时有停顿。

区别二：功能不同 限定性定语从句用于对先行词的意义进行修饰、限制和识别，如果去掉，就会造成句意不完整或概念不清;而非限定性定语从句用于对先行词起补充说明作用，如果省略，句意仍然清楚、完整。如： People who take physical exercise livelonger.

进行体育锻炼的人活得长些。(若把从句去掉句子就失去意义) His daughter, who is in Boston now, iscoming home next week.

他女儿现在在波士顿，下星期回来。(若把从句去句子意义仍然完整) 区别三：翻译不同 在翻译定语从句时，一般把限定性定语从句翻译在它所修饰的先行词之前，而把非限定性定语从句与主句分开。如： He is the man whose car was stolen.

他就是汽车被窃的那个人。 I’ve invited Jim, who lives in the nextflat.

我邀请了吉姆，他就住在隔壁。 区别四：含义不同 比较下面的两个句子： I have a sister who is a doctor.

我有一个医生的姐姐。(姐姐不止一个) I have a sister, who is a doctor.

我有一个姐姐，她是当医生的。(只有一个姐姐)

区别五：先行词不同 限定性定语从句的先行词只能是名词或代词，而非限定性定语从句的先行词则可以是名词或代词，也可以是短语或句子;

另外，当先行词为专有名词或其他具有独一无二性的普通名词时，通常要用非限制性定语从句，而不用限制性定语从句。如： Peter drove too fast, which wasdangerous.

彼得开车很快，这是很危险的。(which 指 drive too fast) He changed his mind, which made me veryangry.

他改变了主意，这使我很生气。(which 指整个主句) 区别六：关系词不同 关系词 that 和 why 可用于限制性定语从句中，通常不用于非限制性定语从句;

另外，在限制性定语从句中，关系词有时可以省略(参见本章有关内容)，而在非限制性定语从句中关系词一律不省略。

高一英语必修二unit1知识点精选总结 3

重点词汇、短语

olve 解决;解答 from…on 从…...时起 as a result 结果 so…that 如此…以至于 explore 探索，探测，研究 anyhow 无论如何，即使如此 goal 目标，球门，得分 human race 人类 signal 发信号，信号 type 类型，打字 in a way 在某种程度上 arise 出现，发生 with the help of 在…...的帮助下 electronic 电子的 deal with 处理 watch over 看守，监视 rise/arise/arouse/raise 的区别 单词 词性及意义 过去式 过去分词

现在分词 arise (vi. )出现,发生 arose arisen arising arouse (vt. )唤醒,激起

aroused

aroused arousing

rise (vi. )升起,上升 rose risen rising raise (vt. )举起,饲养 raised raised raising

重点句型

1. certain 和 sure 的句型 sb. be sure/certain of…= sb. besure/certain that 从句：

某人确信… besure/certain to do sth.

肯定会做… It’s certain that 从句肯定会 例如：It’s certain thathe will succeed.=He’s sure/certain to succeed.他肯定会成功的。 I’m sure/certain of his success.= I’msure/certain that he will succeed.

我确信他会成功的。 2. 主语+ be + adj + to do

Thequestion is easy to answer.

状语从句的省略 在 when, while, if,unless, though, once 等引导的状语从句中，如果从句的主语和主句的主语一致, 且从句中的谓语含有be 动词时, 为了使句子简洁, 可省略从句中的主语和 be 动词。

While playing in the snow, the twopandas had great fun. Unless invited, he has decided not toattend that activity.

语法总结

现在完成时的被动语态(详见第二单元)

高一英语必修二unit1知识点精选总结 4

一、present simple and present continuous 一般现在是和现在进行时

1，present simple: 反复进行的，经常性的动作(惯例习惯)

Eg, He watches soap operas.

及状态 I live in Budapest.

一般现在时常和下列时间状语连用：always, usually, from, time to time, twice a week, rarely, seldom, once a month, never.

2,现在进行时：说话时正在进行的动作(现在，此刻)

一定时间段内经常进行的动作

和现在进行时连用的时间状语有just, now, at the moment, at present.

二、future：arrangements and intentions 将来的安排和打算

1、be going to 表示打算要做的事情。

2、现在进行时表示已经确定或安排好事情。

Eg, I’m getting married in June.

3、一般现在是表示不可改变的官方活动或时间表

The summer term begins on the 15th of February.

三、past simple and past continues

1,psat simple ：一般过去时，表示过去完成的动作或过去的情境和习惯。

Eg: She climb the stairs and went to her room.

用一般过去时要在规则动词词尾加-ed，或用不规则动词的过去式，一般过去式的疑问句和否定句用did 和didn’t 加动词原形。

2、past continuous过去进行时：过去某段时间正在进行的动作形成某些事件发生的情境动作。

Eg, It was raining during the whole match.

当过去进行时和一般过去时出现在同一个句子中时，过去进行时描述故事发生的背景，儿一般过去时则报道该事件。

Eg， We driving along a country lane when, suddenly a car drove past us.

Form: 过去进行时的结构是：主语+was /were +动词-ing形式。

Eg， The driver was sitting behind the wheel.

四、present perfect and past simple。现在完成时和一般过去式，现在完成时表示发生在过去的事情对现在依然有明显的影响

发生在过去的动作但是不知道动作发生的时间或对动作发生的确切时间不感兴趣。

现在完成时经常和下列时间状语连用：

efore, ever, never, already, and , yet. already 用于肯定句，yet 用于疑问句和否定句。

Venus and Serena have played each other before.(重要的事他们过去进行了比赛，但是何时比赛并不重要—现在完成时)

Venus and Serena have played each other in June 1999.( 我们知道此事发生的确切时间—一般过去时)

五、The passive 被动语态

在下列情况下使用被动语态：

1、不知道耶不需要知道谁做的这件事。

2、动作的执行者“显而易见”

3、动作本身比动作执行者更重要或不想指出谁做的这件事。

4、在书面语特别是在科技报告、报刊文章中被动语态比主动语态更正式。

Form：

Tense时态 form 形式 +past

一般现在时 am/is/are +past participle 过去分词

现在进行时 am/is/are being +pp

现在完成时 have/has been +pp

一般过去时 was/were +pp

过去进行时 was/were being +pp

六、have to/not have to, can/can’t, ought to/ought not to uses 用法：

have to 用来表示义务责任，You have to pass your test before you can drive.

Don’t have to 表达不必：We don’t have to wear uniforms at our school.

Can 用来表示允许或请求许可或者表示某事可能发生。

You can buy CDs at the market.

Can’t 表示禁止或不可能：You can’t go out tonight.

Ought to 表示应该做某事。You ought to visit your grandparents this weekend.

Ought not to 表示不应该做某事You ought not to walk alone at night.

Form 形式

can/can’t, have to/not have to 及ought to/ought not to 后用动词原形。

现在完成时，一般现在时，一般过去时

很多语言都有现在完成时态，因此常将它和一般现在时混淆，在英语中，用现在完成时描述发生在过去但对现在又影响的事件。如果涉及到过去某时间，则要用一般过去时。

如果过去事件的确切时间或日期不重要，也可以用现在完成时。

高一英语必修二unit1知识点精选总结 5

核心单词

ersuade

vt.说服;劝服;使相信(同convince)

常用结构：

ersuade sb. of sth. 使某人相信某事

ersuade sb. to do sth. 说服某人做某事

ersuade sb. into doing sth. 说服某人做某事

ersuade sb. out of doing sth. 说服某人不要做某事

ersuade sb. that-clause 使某人相信……

联想拓展

talk sb. into/out of doing sth.=reason sb. into/out of doing sth.

说服某人做/不做某事

trick sb. into/out of doing sth. 诱使某人做/不做某事

urge sb. into/out of doing sth. 怂恿某人做/不做某事

易混辨析

advise/persuade

advise 强调"劝告，建议"的动作，不注重结果;而persuade强调"已经说服"，重在结果。用法上：advise可跟v.-ing形式作宾语，也可以接that-clause (that sb. should do),而persuade则不能。

I persuaded him of its truth. 我使他相信这是真的。

We will persuade him to take the medicine.

我们将说服他把药吃下去。

We persuaded her into taking the job.

我们说服她接受了这份工作。

I persuaded my father out of smoking.

我劝服父亲戒了烟。