高三英语语法基础知识总结推荐
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高考英语书面表达在一些地区卷中比较注重关注热点,今年应该说环保(雾霾低碳生活等仍然是关注的一个热点),下面总结基本表达方式,举一些书面表达环保类例子,仅供考生参考,欢迎大家阅读!
高三英语语法基础知识总结推荐 1
1、化繁为简,一目了然
一些参考书,包括词典对于语法的讲解过于抽象、冗长,学生花很长时间也难以记住,如在辨别receive和accept时,《英汉双解词典》这样说:“accept不但表示收到某物,并且在思想上加以允诺或肯定,有接受采纳的意思,比receive更进一步。receive为普通用法,可用于人,也可用于物,意思是‘收到’、‘受到’。”笔者认为这种解释不利于学生记忆,事倍功半。笔者在教学中借鉴一些好的方法,把其简化为:receive:“收到”、accept:“收下”,一字之差使其区别一目了然。并通过一句话:A pretty girl received a love letter, butdidn’t accept it.(一个美丽的女孩收到了一封情书,但是没有收下。)来帮助学生更好地辨别其差别。
2、一言辨异,言简意赅
很多值得我们借鉴的“一言辨异”法,笔者在此略举两例:
Tears in her eyes, shetore her boy friend’s letter in to pieces. (眼含着泪,她把男朋友的信撕成了碎片。)
You shouldn’t have scoldedthe boy at all, he is a child after all;aboveall, he made only two mistakes in all.(你根本不该责备那男孩,他毕竟还是个孩子;更重要的是,他总共才出了两处错。)
3、联想记忆,过目不忘
一些好的语法书介绍了一些很好的联想记忆法。如《巧学活用高中英语语法》一书用顺口溜助记以--f(e)结尾的名词变复数:
小偷之妻生活难,(thief, wife,life)自己扫叶来做饭。(self, leaf)
忽见一狼躲架后,(wolf, shelf)取刀把它劈两半。(knife,half)
这样巧记such和so:名前such,形、副so,多多少少也用so。Little属特殊,“小”用such,“少”用so。eg. I don’t believe such littleanimals can eat so many insects.(我不相信这么小的动物能吃这么多的昆虫。)笔者还引导学生采用小学语文课本中“乌鸦喝水”那篇文章中的一句话造了下面这个句子:Thereis so little water in the bottle that the crow isn’t able to drink it.(瓶子里的水很少,乌鸦怎么也喝不着。)
还有的语法书这样助记有些以--f(e)结尾的名词加--s变为复数:首领(chief)围着围巾(scarf)、拿着手帕(handkerchief),坐在屋顶(roof)上,看着悬崖(cliff)边的海湾(gulf)。
笔者在教学中这样引导学生进行联想记忆:scarf(scar:疤痕,f的形状就像围巾围在脖子上的形状,脖子上有疤,故而要围围巾;handkerchief(hand:手,chief:主要的,手帕主要是用来擦手的。)这样联想,以旧带新,实践证明,事半功倍。
4、就地取材,实物举例
在辨析go out(vi.熄灭)和putout(vt.扑灭、关灯)时,正好是第一节课,由于是冬天,教室里的灯还亮着,我突然把灯关了,学生用奇怪的眼神看着我,我问他们:“What happened?”有的学生答:“The lights went out.”,也有的学生答:“The lights put out.”我就抓住机会更正:“Yes, the lights went out. It’s Iwho put out the lights just now.”然后我把这两个句子写在黑板上,让学生观察其区别,帮他们得出结论。这样就把抽象、难懂的东西具体化、情景化,在脑中留下较深的印象。
5、背诵短文,掌握语法
“学生要想成为熟练的语言运用者,就必须能够熟练地使用语言单位,而语言单位并不是人们曾经普遍认为的单词,而是句子。”若是能在好的文章中学句子、学语法,学生会较容易地记住该语法。《新概念英语》无疑是公认的这样的好文章,它的编排以语法为一条主线,比如,第二册第3课Pleasesend me a card就是主要以一般过去时的句子串连起来的一篇文章。笔者在教学中,给学生15-20分钟的时间去背诵这篇文章,我想其效果远比讲15-20分钟有关过去式的语法要有效得多。
6、创设情景,“景”中生“情”
在教学中,教师应发挥学生学习的主动性,培养学生的观察能力和思考能力,尽可能地为学生创设贴近实际生活的真实语言情景,让学生懂得语言意思。在学习虚拟语气时,笔者引导学生就所学课文Born Dying(与生俱来的死亡),以语法虚拟语气为主线编写了下面一段话:
Xiaohua is twelve yearsold and has been living with AIDS for twelve years. Her mother died of AIDSwhen she was three. Her father also suffers from AIDS. She wishes that hermother hadn’t died. She wishes that she would become a doctor to help others.She said: “If I weren’t sick, my life would be different. If my mother hadn’tdied, I would have been happy like other children. If I were to become/shouldbecome/became a doctor in the future, I would try my best to help other personswho also suffer from AIDS. I wish others wouldn’t treat us as if we weredangerous people. It’s (high/about)time people changed their attitudes towardsus.”笔者认为,这样至少可以做到“一举三得”:不仅有助于学生轻松掌握虚拟语气,而且有利于学生心灵美的塑造,坚持下去,还能培养学生的英语写作能力。
7、唱英文金曲,学英语语法
英文金曲中的句子地道,琅琅上口,把英文金曲中的句子用到英语语法教学中,能更好地调动学生学英语的积极性,能用较短的时间既记住该句子又记住该语法项目。如,在讲解do/does/did+动词原形表示加强语气这一语法点时,笔者采用了美国电影巨片《泰坦尼克号》的主题歌My Heart Will Go On中的句子:I believe that the heart does goon.(我相信这心将永恒。)又如,在教more than这个词组时,笔者采用歌词:I love you more than I can say.(爱你在心口难开。)这样,不仅较容易地记住了语法知识,而且还轻松地记住了一些地道、经典的句子,为“在人际交往中得体地使用英语”奠定基础。
8、学习课文,认识语法
众所周知,高中英语课文基本每篇都有定语从句的句子。在首次介绍定语从句时,笔者首先让学生通过泛读整体上了解课文大意、理解课文的内涵,在欣赏语言的过程中让学生学会观察、分析、归纳教材中出现的新的语言结构,并引导他们得出结论:定语从句三步骤:找到先行词;还原先行词;确定关系词。在之后的教学中,每次碰到含有定语从句的句子,笔者都带着学生口头复习一遍这三个步骤,并辅之以其它的讲解,长期坚持下来,学生自然而然地掌握了定语从句的基本用法。
本文探讨了高中英语语法教学中的几种技巧。为了让学生在学习中变被动为主动,我们在平时的教学中应想方设法,创造性地进行英语语法教学,通过类似“化繁为简”、“一言辨异”、“联想记忆”、“就地取材”、“背诵短文”、“创造情景”、“唱英文歌曲”、“在课文中认识语法”这样的方法来进行英语语法教学,让学生不仅轻松地学习了语法,还运用了语法;不仅培养了学生说、写的能力,还陶冶了学生的情操。“世上无难事,只怕有心人”,只要我们忙里偷闲地尽量抽时间去反思自己的教学,去分析、总结自己教学的得失,去借鉴别人好的方法,就不难找到一条适合学生的较为有效的高中英语语法教学之路。
高三英语语法基础知识总结推荐 2
1.If our time (employ) usefully,it will either turn out some useful and important piece of work which will fetch its price in the market.
2.The precious hours of childhood and youth, if properly used, (supply) us with incalculable advantages.
3.Chains (attach) to the rings so the trainers can control the animals,which weigh up to 350kilogram,with only a slight pull on the chains.
4.By then a nurse (arrive), and was attending to the woman.
5.References (find) in Chinese texts that are dated as far back as 3000 BC.
6.Garlic’s popularity began to decline in the early years of the twentieth century, but its reputation
7. (restore) in recent years.
8.The new Disney movie (release) on March 4.
10. If you have kids,and they (not see) this film yet,it’s safe to say they will enjoy it.
11. The 10-seater plane crashed as it (land) in Butte in March 2017.
12. The National Transportation Safety Board is asking regulators to require all passengers to have their own seats and seat belt ,including children under the age of 2,
who (allow) to sit on an adult’s lap now.
13. After many hours of waiting patiently in the hall of the nursing home, she (smile)
weetly when told her the room was ready.
14. Stanley Hayes Munro is a toothpick engineer,who (hook) by toothpick model since he built his first sculpture in school.
15. If a person receives poor service from a store, he probably (avoid) shopping there in the future.
16. So far,popular games,like Grand Theft Auto (blame) for everything from falling results at school to causing acts of extreme violence.
17. I guess I (hook) because this spring I was back in the woods searching for more.
18. By the time I (spot) him, he was flying deep into the woods.
19. Data shows the majority of women who smoke (try) to quit if they find out they
are pregnant.
20. If we can show these children that there are other options,we hope they
(not persuade) to join the gang.
21.Barditch High school decided to have an All-School Reunion. Ms.Mabel Yates, the English teacher for fifty years, (wheel) to the park.
22. In the UK,technologies like this (help) achieve a 31% drop in vehicle-related crimes since 1997.
23. It (predict) that relationships and traditional household structure will be transformed as women are earning more money than their male partners.
24.Educator Mr Willetts said there was clear evidence from school that boys are ‘lagging behind’,
And (overtake), to some people’s surprise,by female students at university.
25. Then it hit me---- why would she not want to tell me about what she (do)?
26. In recent years,stress (regard) a cause of a whole range of medical problems,from high blood pressure to mental illness.
高三英语语法基础知识总结推荐 3
动词的形式变化比较多,有谓语的变化(时态、语态、语气),有非谓语的变化(不定式、动名词、现在分词、过去分词)。
例:
A talk(give) tomorrow is written by Professor Zhang.
句中的is written是整句的谓语,所以横线所在的动词应当用作非谓语。从tomorrow可以看出,报告是“将来”作的,故用不定式;且报告是give动作的承受者,故可以判断出横线所在处用give的不定式被动式—to be given。
高三英语语法基础知识总结推荐 4
一 主谓一致概念
一、主谓一致概念:
主谓一致,即谓语动词的单复数要和主语保持一致。一般来说,如果主语是单数形式,那么谓语动词要用单数;如果主语是复数形式,那么谓语动词要用复数。但是,也会出现一些特殊情况,这就是我们要总结的。
二 主谓一致类型
1. 不可数名词看成单数,因此谓语动词要用单数形式。不可数名词有很多,比如空气、水、重量、长度、金钱等等。
(1) Ten thousand dollars is quite a large sum.
(2) About 20 percent of the work was done yesterday.
第一个句子里,钱即使再多,也只是一笔数目,所以看成单数;第二个句子里,work是不可数的,这个要注意,在英语里,我们把job看成可数名词,但是work看成不可数名词,不可数名词的前提下,不论讲它的几分之几,还是百分之多少,都仍然是不可数。
2. 主语从句看成单数。
That they were wrong in these matters is now clear to us all.
这句话里有两个动词,一个是were,另一个是is,一个句子只能有一个动词,所以这里肯定嵌入了一个从句,我们会发现That they were wrong in these matters是个整体,充当整个句子里的主语,所以是主语从句。我们把主语从句看成单数,所以这里用的is。
3. 就前原则
就前原则,指的是动词单复数看这个词前面的名词单复数情况。as well as, with, along with, together with都遵循就前原则。具体我们来看以下例句:
(1) E-mail, as well as telephones, plays an important part in daily communication.
(2) A library with five thousand books is offered to the nation as a gift.
第一句话的意思是邮件和电话在日常沟通中有重要作用。按照意思上,感觉讲的是两个东西,动词要用复数,但是as well as是就前原则,动词要看as well as前面的名词的单复数情况,这句话里as well as前面是E-mail,是单数,因此动词用单数plays。第二句话的意思是一个有着五千本书的图书馆被当作礼物赠给一个国家。这句话里有with,也是就前原则,动词单复数看with前面的名词单复数,这句话里with前面是a library,因此用单数is offered.
4. 就近原则
就近原则,和就前原则相反,指句子里动词单复数要看离动词最近的名词单复数情况。either…or…, neither…nor…, not only…but also…都是遵循就前原则,下面我们来看些例句进行理解:
(1) Either you or I am going to the teachers' office after class.
(2) Not only Tom but also his wife is fond of watching television.
第一句话里有either…or…,因此句子里的动词要看离动词最近的名词,最近的名词是 I,因此动词要用am。第二句里有not only…but also…,因此要看离动词最近的名词,本句里是his wife,是单数,所以要用is,即使意思翻译起来是“不仅他,而且他老婆也爱看电视”。
5. 某些名词如people, police, cattle等,形式上是单数,意义是复数,谓语动词应用复数。
(1) The police are searching for a thief.
(2) The cattle are eating grass on the hill.
第一句话其实说的是警察这个队伍在搜查一个贼,但是police是单复数同形,所以看上去像单数,而实际上是复数;第二句话cattle是表示整个牛群,但是由于单复数同形,所以会看不出来,其实意思表示整个牛群在山上吃草。
三 剑桥真题例句
1. Much of the money in this project is being spent on developing the special hardware needed to search many frequencies at once.(C9P23L25)
分析:钱不可数,即使它的很多也不可数,不可数我们就看成单数,因此动词用is。
2. With her husband, Pierre Curie, and Henri Becquerel, she was awarded the 1903 Nobel Prize for Physics, and was then sole winner of the 1911 Nobel Prize for Chemistry.(C9P87L5)
分析:虽然she是和丈夫皮埃尔•居里以及Henri一起获得了1903年的诺贝尔物理学奖,但是由于有with,而with是就前原则,因此动词单复数跟着with前的名词走,这句话其实顺序有调整,改成我们习惯的句式是:she with her husband, Pierre Curie, and Henri Becquerel, was awarded the 1903 Nobel Prize for Physics.这样是不是就看出来了?
3. Fish were a vital commodity in growing towns and cities, where food supplies were a constant concern.(C8P47L16)
分析:有些名词单复数同行,即单复数形式一样。同样的词还有people和sheep。
4. How effectively biological control can be pressed into service is proved by the following examples.(C8P94L13)
分析:这句话有两个动词,分别是be和is,一句话不能同时出现两个动词,有的话说明里面嵌入了一个从句。这句话里,从how到service整个从句在整句话中充当主语,因此是主语从句,我们把主语从句看成单数,因此用了is。
5. Not only we but also he has seen it.(由于剑桥和九分达人里没有,我们引用了《中考一本解决方案》中的句子。P89)
分析:not only…but also…遵循就近原则,即动词单复数看离它最近的主语,这里he是离动词最近的主语,所以要用单数,所以不是have seen,而是用has seen。
高三英语语法基础知识总结推荐 5
关于听力先听一些高考模拟题,每周听2套一小时左右,3周,模拟题速度比高考快很多,以后听原真卷会豁然开朗,我原来一二摸错一半,按照这个方法高考前一周开始听原真卷09年全对,10年错一个,11年错2个,不再听了,高考错一个。网上搜些听力相关的单词背,念出约100个原真卷的听力原文答案,不听,看他几十套听力答案原文,快速阅读,这样对听力出题思路就熟悉了,听力无非是入学,图书馆,找工作,等等的几个场景套路,有些考托福的盆友,不听题目只看选项就能选对百分之95主要是熟悉套路。关于语法找本语法练习册,一般都分为介词,名词等20多章节,每天利用早上20分钟时间看完这个章节的语法总结,每章节做10道题-15题,高考考前8天一天做一套原真题的语法部分,这8套题反复看,入考场前十分钟都可以在看一眼做错的语法题。
阅读理解先说七选五,七选五看懂了了也选不对。一定利用技巧做解题突破,网上和复习资料里都有讲技巧,反复体会利用技巧,七选五完全看不懂文章的情况下可以选对4个,我高考错了一题,如果基本功好的孩子,应该全对。阅读理解我根本就不背单词,二模英语60分,阅读完全看不懂,单词量估计就1000,提高词汇量已经来不及,选取三年高考元真卷,3套卷子中不会的单词标出中文,不会的可能有近1000单词,随便背了背,二模感觉没啥用,阅读文章还是看不懂。最后找了一本完型,阅读的习题集,看选项的单词不会的用中文标出来,这样一本书标了三四十篇文章生词约1200最后几天尽可能的记,只要看形状知道中文就成了,不背拼写和发音。呵呵高考时,开了天眼能看懂文章了。另外阅读理解完型,找个模拟或原真题集不看题只看阅读完型理解答案部分快速阅读,这个是非常重要的,这么看答案,因为没有原文,从支离破碎的信息中揣度原文意思,真实的模拟了高考临场看不懂原文选答案的状态,一两个钟头看几十套答案,对阅读的出题套路体会和解题大有帮助,考试时如果语感强的相信语感,要自信的猜题。大致就是这样,适合英语极差时间不够的权益之计。有些技巧对于英语基础好的小伙伴冲击满分也会有所帮助,我3次模拟没有超过60,三年高中英语没有超过90,高考111,这个方法是我和自己的英语老师一起实施的,感觉还不错,希望对亲爱的你们有所帮助。
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