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高一到高三英语语法知识点精选

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从句是高三英语语法学习的重点,也是英语写作中不可缺少的一个点。下面给大家分享一些关于高三英语语法知识点小结,希望对大家有所帮助。

高一到高三英语语法知识点精选 1

  助动词的形式与作用

  1)英语常用的助动词(auxiliary verb)有shall,will,should,would,be,have,do等。助动词一般无词义,不能单独作谓语动词。助动词在句中的作用,在于帮助构成各种时态、语态、语气、否定和疑问结构等。如:

  China has entered a great new era. 中国已进入了一个伟大的新时期。(帮助构成完成时态)

  Some boys are playing on the grass. 一些男孩正在草地上玩。 (帮助构成进行时态)

  Mother is written by Gorky. 《母亲》是高尔基写的。 (帮助构成被动语态)

  We Shall have the football match if it does not rain.如果不下雨,我们就赛足球。(帮助构成将来时态和否定结构)

  Do you see my point? 你明白我的意思吗?(帮助构成疑问结构)

  [注]在否定结构中,not须放在助动词后面。

  2)助动词加not一般都有简略式,用于口语中。如:

  is not-isn't would not--wouldn't

  are not--aren't [B:nt] have not--haven't

  was not -- wasn't has not--hasn't

  were not-- weren't [wE:nt] had not--hadn't

  shall not--shan't [FB:nt] do not--don't [dEunt]

  will not--won't [wEunt] does not--doesn't

  should not--shouldn't did not--didn't

  be

  助动词

  be的形式变化和动词be。be作为助动词的用法有下列几种:

  1)be后跟动词的现在分词 可以构成各种进行时态。如:

  The driver is cleaning the car.司机在擦车。

  Yesterday afternoon we were discussing a new plan.昨天下午我们在讨论一个新的计划。

  Women in our country are playing an important part in socialist construction.我国妇女在社会主义建设中正起着重要的作用。

  2) be后跟动词的过去分词 可以构成被动语态。如:

  A lot of consumer goods are made of nylon.许多消费品都是尼龙作的。

  The Flower Show is usually held here in October. 花展通常于10月在此举行。

  The cinema will be closed for repair from March 3rd.影院自三月三日起修理内部停止营业。

  3)be加动词不定式 有下列各种用法:

  a)表示未来的安排或计划。如:

  The delegation is to leave for Shanghai tomorrow.代表团定于明天去上海。

  I'm to be home before midnight.我午夜前一定回来。

  b)表示必要或命令或问对方的意志。如:

  You're to hand in your exercises tomorrow.你们明天要交练习。

  Where am I to put these tools? 这些工具应该放在什么地方?

  What is to be done?怎么办?

  c)表示"可能",与can或may相仿。如:

  I am not sure whether he is to turn up tonight.我不能断定他今晚是否能来。

  My key is nowhere to be found.我哪儿也找不着我的钥匙。

  d) be + about + 动词不定式则表计划即将,如:

  The meeting is about to begin.会议即将开始。

  have

  的过去式是had。Have (had)作为助动词和过去分词一起,构成各种完成时态。如:

  I have known Mr. Smith for four years.我认识史密斯先生已经四年了。

  He has not made up his mind yet.他还没有决定呢。

  A woman came in with a baby,who had just swallowed a safety pin.一个妇女带进来一个刚吞进一个别针的婴儿。

  [注] have的简略式是've,has的简略式是's,had的简略式是'd,如

  I've,you've,he's,I'd,we'd,he'd,they'd等。

  do

  的过去式是did。do (did)作为助动词,有下列一些用法:

  1)构成现在一般时和过去一般时的疑问句和否定句。如:

  Do you know each other? 你们两人认识吗?

  How do you find the climate here? 你觉得这里的气候怎么样?

  She did not go to hospital after breakfast She went to work as usual.早饭后她没有去医院,她照常上班去了。

  2)构成否定的祈使句。如:

  Don't be so careless.不要那么粗枝大叶。

  Do not hesitate to come when you need help.有困难只管来。

  3)加强陈述句和祈使句的语气。如:

  I do think he is right.我确实认为他是对的。

  Do come often.一定常来呀。

  Do ask,if you have any questions.如果有问题,务必提出。

  4)用于倒装句中。如:

  Only then did I understand the importance of science.只是到了那时,我才了解到科学的重要性。

  Never did I expect to see him there.我从未想到会在那里看到他。

  5)还可用来代替主要动词,以避免重复。较常用在简略答语中。如:

  Does he also study geography?他也学地理吗? ――Yes,he does.是的,他也学地理。

  Did it snow a lot last week? ――Yes,it did。上星期雪下得多吗? --是的,下得很多。

  He works even harder than you do. 他比你还要用功。

  [注] 上面最后一句中的do应唤作替代词,只是为了初学者的方便而放在助动词项下。

  shall和Will

  助动词

  shall本身没有词义,只用在第一人称的将来时态中(现多为will所代替)。在将来一般时中,shall后接动词原形。如:

  I shall think it over.我要好好考虑一下。

  Don't worry. We shall tell you all about it.你别担心。我们都会告诉你的。

  助动词

  will本身没有词义,只用在第二、三人称的将来时态中。will在将来一般时中后接动词原形。如:

  He will be twenty-five years old next month.他下个月将是二十五岁。

  You will have an examination in English tomorrow.你们明天有英语考试。

  The weather forecast says that there'll be heavy rain tomorrow.天气预报明天有大雨。

  should和would

  助动词

  should是shall的过去式,它本身没有词义,用于第一人称的过去将来时态中(现多用would)。should在过去将来一般时中后接动词原形。如:

  We were told that we should sight the Treasure lsland that night. 我们被告知那天夜里我们就要看见宝岛了。

  助动词

  would是will的过去式,它本身没有词义,用于第二、三人称的过去将来时态中。would在过去将来一般时中后接动词原形。如:

  He said that he would always remember that day.他说他将永远记住那一天。

高一到高三英语语法知识点精选 2

1、所谓双重所有格就是指将 -’s 所有格与 of 所有格结合起来一起使用:

a friend of my father’s 我父亲的一位朋友

a photo of Mr Smith’s 史密斯先生的一张照片

2、双重所有格的使用场合:

①当被修饰名词前有指示代词、疑问代词、不定代词或数词等限定词时,一般要用双重所有格:

I don’t like that big nose of David’s. 我不喜欢大卫的那个大鼻子。

Which novel of Dickens’ are you referring to? 你谈的是狄更斯的哪部小说?

Some friends of my brother’s will come. 我兄弟的一些朋友要来。

【注】被双重所有格修饰名词前有指示代词时,通常带有一定的感情色彩(如赞赏、不满、厌恶等):

That little daughter of your cousin’s is really a dear. 你表哥的那个小女儿真是逗人爱。(表赞赏)

That daughter of your cousin’s is constantly complaining. 你表哥的那个女儿老是在报怨。(表厌恶)

另外,被双重所有格修饰的名词前可以用不定冠词,但通常不用定冠词:

可以说:a poem of Shelly’s, a novel of Dickens’

不能说:the poem of Shelly’s, the novel of Dickens’

②有时既可用双重所有格也可用 of 所有格,但含义稍有差别。比较:

a photo of Mary’s 玛丽收藏的一张照片

a photo of Mary 玛丽照的一张照片

a criticism of William’s 威廉提出的批评

a criticism of William 对威廉的批评

高一到高三英语语法知识点精选 3

  一.名词

  I.名词的种类:

专有名词

普通名词

国名.地名.人名,

团体.机构名称

可数名词

不可数名词

个体名词

集体名词

抽象名词

物质名词

         

  II. 名词的数:

  1. 规则名词的复数形式:

  名词的复数形式,一般在单数形式后面加-s或-es。现将构成方法与读音规则列表如下:

规则

例词

1

一般情况在词尾加-s

map-maps, sea-seas, girl-girls, day-days

2

以s, x, ch, sh结尾的名词后加-es

class-classes, box-boxes, watch-watches, dish-dishes

3

以-f或-fe结尾的词

变-f和-fe为v再加-es

leaf-leaves, thief-thieves, knife-knives, loaf-loaves, wife-wives

加-s

elief-beliefs, chief-chiefs, proof-proofs, roof-roofs, gulf-gulfs

4

以辅音字母加y结尾的名词,变y为i加-es

arty-parties, family-families, story-stories, city-cities

5

以元音字母加y结尾的名词,或专有名词以y结尾的,加-s

toy-toys, boy-boys, day-days, ray-rays, Henry-Henrys

6

以辅音字母加-o结尾的名词

一般加-es

hero-heroes, Negro-Negroes, potato-potatoes, tomato-tomatoes

不少外来词加-s

iano-pianos, photo-photos, auto-autos, kilo-kilos, solo-solos

两者皆可

zero-zeros/zeroes, volcano-volcanoes/ volcanos

7

以元音字母加-o结尾的名词加-s

radio-radios, bamboo-bamboos, zoo-zoos

8

以-th结尾的名词加-s

truth-truths, mouth-mouths, month-months, path-paths,

  2. 不规则名词复数:

  英语里有些名词的复数形式是不规则的,现归纳如下:

规则

例词

1

改变名词中的元音字母或其他形式

man-men, woman-women, foot-feet, goose-geese, mouse-mice

2

单复数相同

heep, deer, series, means, works, fish, species li, yuan, jin,

3

只有复数形式

ashes, trousers, clothes, thanks, goods, glasses, compasses, contents

4

一些集体名词总是用作复数

eople, police, cattle, staff

5

部分集体名词既可以作单数(整体)也可以作复数(成员)

audience, class, family, crowd, couple, group, committee, government, population, crew, team, public, enemy, party

6

复数形式表示特别含义

customs(海关), forces(军队), times(时代), spirits(情绪), drinks(饮料), sands(沙滩), papers(文件报纸), manners(礼貌), looks(外表), brains(头脑智力), greens(青菜), ruins(废墟)

7

表示“某国人”

加-s

Americans, Australians, Germans, Greeks, Swedes, Europeans

单复数同形

Swiss, Portuguese, Chinese, Japanese

以-man或-woman结尾的改为-men,-women

Englishmen, Frenchwomen

8

合成名词

将主体名词变为复数

ons-in-law, lookers-on, passers-by, story-tellers, boy friends

无主体名词时将最后一部分变为复数

grown-ups, housewives, stopwatches

将两部分变为复数

women singers, men servants

  III. 名词的所有格:

  名词在句中表示所有关系的语法形式叫做名词所有格。所有格分两种:一是名词词尾加’s构成,二是由介词of加名词构成。前者多表示有生命的东西,后者多表示无生命的东西。

  1. ’s所有格的构成:

单数名词在末尾加’s

the boy’s father, Jack’s book, her son-in-law’s photo,

复数名词

一般在末尾加’

the teachers’ room, the twins’ mother,

不规则复数名词后加’s

the children’s toys, women’s rights,

以s结尾的人名所有格加’s或者’

Dickens’ novels, Charles’s job, the Smiths’ house

表示各自的所有关系时,各名词末尾均须加’s

Japan’s andAmerica’s problems, Jane’s and Mary’s bikes

表示共有的所有关系时在最后一词末加’s

Japan andAmerica’s problems, Jane and Mary’s father

表示"某人家""店铺",所有格后名词省略

the doctor’s, the barber’s, the tailor’s, my uncle’s

  2. ’s所有格的用法:

表示时间

today’s newspaper, five weeks’ holiday

2

表示自然现象

the earth’s atmosphere, the tree’s branches

3

表示国家城市等地方的名词

the country’s plan, the world’s population,China’s industry

4

表示工作群体

the ship’s crew, majority’s view, the team’s victory

5

表示度量衡及价值

a mile’s journey, five dollars’ worth of apples

6

与人类活动有特殊关系的名词

the life’s time, the play’s plot

7

某些固定词组

a bird’s eye view, a stone’s throw, at one’s wit’s end(不知所措)

  3. of所有格的用法:

  用于无生命的东西:the legs of the chair, the cover of the book

  用于有生命的东西,尤其是有较长定语时:the classrooms of the first-year students

  用于名词化的词:the struggle of the oppressed

  二.冠词

  冠词分为不定冠词(a, an),定冠词(the),和零冠词。

  I.不定冠词的用法:

1

指一类人或事,相当于a kind of

A plane is a machine that can fly.

2

第一次提及某人某物,非特指

A boy is waiting for you.

3

表示“每一”相当于every,one

We study eight hours a day.

4

表示“相同”相当于the same

We are nearly of an age.

5

用于人名前,表示不认识此人或与某名人有类似性质的人或事

A Mr. Smith came to visit you when you were out

That boy is rather a Lei Feng.

6

用于固定词组中

A couple of, a bit, once upon a time, in a hurry, have a walk, many a time

7

用于quite, rather, many, half, what, such之后

This room is rather a big one.

8

用于so(as, too, how)+形容词之后

She is as clever a girl as you can wish to meet.

  II. 定冠词的用法:

1

表示某一类人或物

The horse is a useful animal.

2

用于世上独一无二的事物名词前

the universe, the moon, the Pacific Ocean

3

表示说话双方都了解的或上文提到过的人或事

Would you mind opening the door?

4

用于乐器前面

lay the violin, play the guitar

5

用于形容词和分词前表示一类人

the reach, the living, the wounded

6

表示“一家人”或“夫妇”

the Greens, the Wangs

7

用于序数词和形容词副词比较级最高级前

He is the taller of the two children.

8

用于国家党派等以及江河湖海,山川群岛的名词前

theUnited States, the Communist Party ofChina, the French

9

用于表示发明物的单数名词前

The compass was invented inChina.

10

在逢十的复数数词之前,指世纪的某个年代

in the 1990’s

11

用于表示单位的名词前

I hired the car by the hour.

12

用于方位名词,身体部位名词,及表示时间的词组前

He patted me on the shoulder.

  III. 零冠词的用法:

1

专有名词,物质名词,抽象名词,人名地名等名词前

Beijing University, Jack,China, love, air

2

名词前有this, my, whose, some, no, each, every等限制

I want this book, not that one. / Whose purse is this?

3

季节,月份,星期,节假日,一日三餐前

March, Sunday, National Day, spring

4

表示职位,身份,头衔的名词前

Lincoln was made President of America.

5

学科,语言,球类,棋类名词前

He likes playing football/chess.

6

与by连用表示交通工具的名词前

y train, by air, by land

7

以and连接的两个相对的名词并用时

husband and wife, knife and fork, day and night

8

表示泛指的复数名词前

Horses are useful animals.

  三.代词:

  I.代词可以分为以下七大类:

1

人称代词

主格

I, you, he, she, it, we, you, they

宾格

me, you, him, her, it, us, you, them

2

物主代词

形容词性

my, your, his, her, its, our, their

名词性

mine, yours, his, hers, its, ours, theirs

3

反身代词

myself, yourself, himself, herself, itself, ourselves, yourselves, themselves

4

指示代词

this, that, these, those, such, some

5

疑问代词

who, whom, whose, which, what, whoever, whichever, whatever

6

关系代词

that, which, who, whom, whose, as

7

不定代词

one/ some/ any, each/ every, none/ no, many/ much, few/ little/ a few/ a little,

other/ another, all/ both, neither/ either

  II. 不定代词用法注意点:

  1. one, some与any:

  1) one可以泛指任何人,也可特指,复数为ones。some多用于肯定句,any多用于疑问句和否定句。

  One should learn to think of others.

  Have you any bookmarks? No, I don’t have any bookmarks.

  I have some questions to ask.

  2) some可用于疑问句中,表示盼望得到肯定的答复,或者表示建议,请求等。

  Would you like some bananas? Could you give me somemoney?

  3) some 和any修饰可数名词单数时,some表示某个,any表示任何一个。

  I have read this article in some magazine. Please correct the mistakes, if any.

  4) some和数词连用表示“大约”,any可与比较级连用表示程度。

  There are some 3,000 students in this school. Doyou feel any better today?

  2. each和every:

  each强调个别,代表的数可以是两个或两个以上,而every强调整体,所指的数必须是三个或三个以上。

  Each student has a pocket dictionary. / Each (of us) has adictionary. / We each have a dictionary.

  Every student has strong and weak points. / Every one of us hasstrong and weak points.

  3. none和no:

  no等于not any,作定语。none作主语或宾语,代替不可数名词,谓语用单数,代替可数名词,谓语单复数皆可以。

  There is no water in the bottle.

  How much water is there in the bottle? None.

  None of the students are (is) afraid of difficulties.

  4. other和another:

  1) other泛指“另外的,别的”常与其他词连用,如:theother day, every other week, some other reason, no other way,

  the other特指两者中的另外一个,复数为the others。如:

  He held a book in one hand and his notes in the other.

  Two students in our class failed, but all the others passed theexam.

  2) another指“又一个,另一个”无所指,复数形式是others,泛指“别的人或事”如:

  I don’t like this shirt, please show me another (one).

  The trousers are too long, please give me another pair / someothers.

  Some like football, while others like basketball.

  5. all和both, neither和either

  all表示不可数名词时,其谓语动词用单数。both和all加否定词表示部分否定,全部否定用neither和none.

  All of the books are not written in English. / Not all ofthe books are written in English.

  Both of us are not teachers. / Not both of us are teachers./ Either of us is a teacher.

  四.形容词和副词

  I.形容词:

  1. 形容词的位置:

  1) 形容词作定语通常前置,但在下列情况后置:

1

修饰some, any, every, no和body, thing, one等构成的复合不定代词时

obody absent, everything possible

2

以-able, -ible结尾的形容词可置于有最高级或only修饰的名词之后

the best book available, the only solution possible

3

alive, alike, awake, aware, asleep等可以后置

the only person awake

4

和空间、时间、单位连用时

a bridge 50 meters long

5

成对的形容词可以后置

a huge room simple and beautiful

6

形容词短语一般后置

a man difficult to get on with

  2) 多个形容词修饰同一个名词的顺序:

代词

数词

性状形容词

冠词前的形容词

冠词

指示代词

不定代词

代词所有格

序数词

基数词

性质

状态

大小

长短

形状

新旧

温度

颜色

国籍

产地

材料

质地

名词

all

oth

uch

the

a

this

another

your

econd

ext

one

four

eautiful

good

oor

large

hort

quare

ew

cool

lack

yellow

Chinese

London

ilk

tone

  3) 复合形容词的构成:

1

形容词+名词+ed

kind-hearted

6

名词+形容词

world-famous

2

形容词+形容词

dark-blue

7

名词+现在分词

eace-loving

3

形容词+现在分词

ordinary-looking

8

名词+过去分词

ow-covered

4

副词+现在分词

hard-working

9

数词+名词+ed

three-egged

5

副词+过去分词

ewly-built

10

数词+名词

twenty-year

  II. 副词

  副词的分类:

1

时间副词

oon, now, early, finally, once, recently

5

频度副词

always, often, frequently, seldom, never

2

地点副词

here, nearby, outside, upwards, above

6

疑问副词

how, where, when, why

3

方式副词

hard, well, fast, slowly, excitedly, really

7

连接副词

how, when, where, why, whether, however, meanwhile

4

程度副词

almost, nearly, very, fairly, quite, rather

8

关系副词

when, where, why

  III. 形容词和副词比较等级:

  形容词和副词的比较等级分为原级,比较级和最高级。比较级和最高级的构成一般是在形容词和副词后加-er和-est,多音节和一些双音节词前加more 和most。

  1. 同级比较时常常用 as…as…以及not so(as)…as…如:I amnot so good a player as you are.

  2. 可以修饰比较级的词有:much, many, a lot, even, far, a bit, alittle, still, yet, by far, any, a great deal。

  3. 表示一方随另一方变化时用“the more…the more…”句型。如:The harder you work, the more progress you will make.

  4. 用比较级来表达最高级的意思。如:I have never spent a moreworrying day.

  5. 表示倍数的比较级有如下几种句型:

  Our school is three times larger than yours./Our school is fourtimes as large as yours./Our school is four times the size of yours.

  6. 表示“最高程度“的形容词没有最高级和比较级。如:favourite,excellent, extreme, perfect。

  五.介词

  I.介词分类:

1

简单介词

about, across, after, against, among, around, at, below, beyond, during, in, on

2

合成介词

inside, into, onto, out of, outside, throughout, upon, within, without

3

短语介词

according to, because of, instead of, up to, due to, owing to, thanks to

4

双重介词

from among, from behind, from under, till after, in between

5

分词转化成的介词

considering(就而论), including

6

形容词转化成的介词

like, unlike, near, next, opposite

  II. 常用介词区别:

1

表示时间的in, on, at

at表示片刻的时间,in表示一段的时间,on总是与日子有关

2

表示时间的since, from

ince 指从过去到现在的一段时间,和完成时连用,from指从时间的某一点开始

3

表示时间的in, after

in指在一段时间之后,after表示某一具体时间点之后或用在过去时的一段时间中

4

表示地理位置的in, on, to

in表示在某范围内,on指与什么毗邻,to指在某环境范围之外

5

表示“在…上”的on, in

on只表示在某物的表面上,in表示占去某物一部分

6

表示“穿过”的through, across

through表示从内部通过,与in有关,across表示在表面上通过,与on有关

7

表示“关于”的about, on

about指涉及到,on指专门论述

8

etween与among的区别

etween表示在两者之间,among用于三者或三者以上的中间

9

esides与except的区别

esides指“除了…还有再加上”,except指“除了,减去什么”,不放在句首

10

表示“用”的in, with

with表示具体的工具,in表示材料,方式,方法,度量,单位,语言,声音

11

as与like的区别

as意为“作为,以…地位或身份”,like为“象…一样”,指情形相似

12

in与into区别

in通常表示位置(静态),into表示动向,不表示目的地或位置

高一到高三英语语法知识点精选 4

  1、表示从过去某时开始一直延续到现在的动作,可能刚刚停止,也可能还在继续进行。

  2、重复的动作表示感情色彩。表示一直到说话时为止的一段时间内一再重复的动作。

  3、现在完成时和现在完成进行时的区别

  (1)表示动作已完成,着重结果;现在完成进行时表示动作的进行,强调动作的持续性。

  (2)状态动词、知觉动词或情态动词如:see, feel, know, love等,不用于现在完成进行时,但可用于现在完成时。

高一到高三英语语法知识点精选 5

  1、某些动词形式上主动,但含有被动意思,往往表示主语本身的性质,而且主语应该是事物。

  2、在“have+宾语+to do”结构中,当不定式的逻辑主语在句中出现时,不定式用主动语态,否则用被动语态。

  3、在“be+形容词+to do”中,不定式的逻辑宾语是句子的主语,用主动表被动。

  4、在某些词组中,用动词的主动形式表被动。

  (1)be worth doing

  (2)want, require, need后面的动名词用主动形式表示被动含义。

  (3)with复合结构

高一到高三英语语法知识点精选_精选范文网

从句是高三英语语法学习的重点,也是英语写作中不可缺少的一个点。下面给大家分享一些关于高三英语语法知识点小结,希望对大家有所帮助。高三英语语法知识点1表语从句用来作主语的句子叫做主语从句。如:(1)When he was born is unknown. 他生于何时还不知道。(2)What he did last night is being investigated. 他昨天晚上干了些什么正在调查之中。在主语从句中须注意:1. 主语从句一般用it作形式主语,放在句首,而将主语从句放到句末。如:(
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