高中英语必修四第五单元知识点整理总结

想像力比知识更重要。因为知识是有限的，而想像力是无限，它包含了一切，推动着进步，是人类进化的源泉。下面小编给大家分享一些高中英语完形填空常考单词知识点，希望能够帮助大家，欢迎阅读!

高中英语必修四第五单元知识点整理总结 1

Module5

重点短语：

1.retire from 从…退休，从…退役

2.perform one’s promise 履行承诺

3.perform an operation on sb. 给某人做手术

4.have an advantage over 比…有优势

5.have an advantage in 在…方面占优势

6.take advantage of 利用

7.to sb’s advantage 对某人有利

8.have the advantage of 有…的优势

9.give sb.a guarantee 给某人保证/承诺

10.under guarantee 在保修期内

11.on the increase 正在增加

12.together with 加之，连用;和，与

13.increase by 增加了(表示增加的比率)

14.increase(from…) to

(从…)增长到…(表示增加后的结果)

15.by chance 偶然的，意外的，碰巧

16.take a chance/chances 碰运气/冒险

17.protest against/about/at 反对…，抗议…

18.ｄｅｃｌａｒｅ sth.(to be) sth. 宣布某物是…，断言…为…

19.ｄｅｃｌａｒｅ war on/against sb. 对…宣战

20.ｄｅｃｌａｒｅ against 表示反对…

21.ｄｅｃｌａｒｅ for 表示赞同

22.ｄｅｃｌａｒｅ that. . . 声明，郑重地说

23.So what? (非正式)那又怎样呢?结果怎样?

24.rise to one’s feet 站起身

25.pick up 把…扶起来;接某人;收听;好转

26.That’s not the point那不是关键;没有说到点子上

27.to the point 很得要领的;中肯的

28.off the point 离题的

29.There’s no point in. . .干…没有用;干…没有意义

重点知识：

win

win vt. &vi. 其宾语不是竞争对手而是war, game, prize, match, battle, competition等名词。

eat和defeat两者的宾语是竞争对手

advantage

⑴ have an advantage over sb./sth 比某人有优势

⑵take advantage of 利用①机会等;②某人的处境、弱点等

⑶to one’s advantage =to the advantage of sb. 对某人有利

chance

(the) chances are (that) …./ The chance is that …..很可能….

(It is likely / probable / possible that…)

There is no chance that ….不可能…

There is a chance that …/of … 有可能…

eize /grasp a chance 抓住机会

take a chance /take chances 冒险，碰运气

y chance /by accident 碰巧

倍数

(1).倍数表达法： 倍数+ as .... as...

This room is four times as big as that one. 这个房间是哪个房间的四倍大。

The road is twice as long as that one. 这条路是那条路的2倍长。

(2). 倍数的其他结构：

倍数 + adj./adv. 的比较级+ than...

倍数+ the + 名词(size,length, height,width...)+ of ...

This room is twice bigger than mine.

这个房间是我房间的2倍大。

= This room is twice the size of mine.

状语从句

⑴时间状语从句

其连词有：when, before, after, as soon as, as, while, hardly had…when, scarcely had …when, no sooner had … than, till / until, since, the moment, by the time 等，

⑵条件状语从句

引导条件状语从句的连词有：if, unless, (if not) , on condition that , as long as。

注意：有时可以把祈使句作为条件从句，祈使句后面要搭配and，如：

Give him an inch and he’ll take a mile. (= If you give him an inch, he’ll take a mile. )

但：当表示否定的条件时，可用连词or 或otherwise， 如：

tart at once, or / otherwise you’ll miss the train. (= If you don’t start at once, …)

⑶让步状语从句

①引导让步状语从句的连词有：though/although, even if/ even though, no matter who/ what/ when / where/ which / how ( whoever, whatever, whenever, wherever, whichever, however)

②whoever, whatever, whichever还可引导名词从句。而no matter who/ what/ which 只能引导让步状语从句

?He didn’t want to be disturbed, no matter who wanted to see him.

= He didn’t want to be disturbed, whoever wanted to see him.

?I’ll give the books to whoever needs them

as引导让步从句。但as一般不置于句首，而将从句中的表语或状语置于句首。(though也可以)

ⅠTired as he was, he still went on with his work

ⅡMuch as he likes the bike, he doesn’t want to buy it

ⅢTry as he might, he didn’t pass the exam.

⑷ 原因状语从句

①引导原因状语从句的连词有 because, since, as , now that

?because: 语气最强，回答why时用because

Why are you late? Because there is a traffic jam.

?since: “既然…..” 表对方已知的事实或理由，常放在句首。

ince you have got enough money with you now, you can come and buy it next time.

?as: “由于….” 语气较弱，较口语化，表明显的原因或已知的事实，常放在句首。

As he had been ready for the worst, he was not disappointed at the result.

?for是一个等立连词，连接的是两个并列的分句，其他三个引导的是状语从句;for不能放在句首。 It must have rained last night, for the ground is wet.

⑸比较状语从句

①比较状语从句主要用在形容词、副词的原级、比较级、最高级的句子中。 原级 as …as … not so / as …as 比较级: 比较级+ than … 最高级： 最高级+in / of / among …

②no more than 和 not more than

?His education added up to no more than one year.

?They finished the project in not more than one year

③两者中 “较….的一个用the + 比较级

The younger of the twin sisters is more consideration

高中英语必修四第五单元知识点整理总结 2

可数名词及其单复数

可数名词有单数和复数两种形式。指一个人或一件事物时，用单数形式;指两个或多个人或事物时用复数形式。

使用可数名词单数时，一定要注意加不定冠词a/an。

(复数变化记忆口诀)

单数变复数，规则要记住;

特殊有几处，高考常常考。

名词由单数形式变成复数形式的规则如下：

1一般的名词词尾加 -s

如：book → books

room → rooms

house → houses

day → days

2以 s，ss，ch，sh，x 结尾的名词，在词尾加 -es

如：bus → buses

glass → glasses

watch → watches

dish → dishes

ox → boxes

3以"辅音字母+y"结尾的名词，要先将 y 改为 i 再加 -es

如：city → cities

ody → bodies

factory → factories

4以 f/fe 结尾的名词，要将 f/fe 改为 v 再加-es

如：half → halves

leaf → leaves

knife → knives

wife → wives

5特例 [悄悄话：特例常常考，规律要记住]

1. man → men

woman → women

oliceman → policemen

(规律：man → men)

2. tomato → tomatoes

otato → potatoes

[规律：有生命的加-es，无生命的加-s ]

3. foot → feet

tooth → teeth

[规律：oo变成ee]

4. sheep，Chinese，Japanese 单、复数同形。

[规律：单复同形：变复数时词形不可变]

5. people 表示复数意义，要求谓语动词用复数;people加上-s以后，peoples通常指“多个民族”。

[规律：集体名词只做复数：people很特殊，谓语用复数]

高中英语必修四第五单元知识点整理总结 3

主动语态变被动语态

中国人的思维的着眼点在动作的施动者，英美人思维的着眼点在动作的承受者。

中国人常这样说：I expect you to be there on time. 我希望你准时到那里。

英美人常这样说：You are expected to be there on time. 希望你准时到那里。

这就是英语中被动语态的使用比汉语中多的原因。由于英语句子的主动语态结构不同，因而变成被动语态的方式也各不相同。

A. 主语 + 谓语 + 宾语

“主语 + 谓语 + 宾语”结构中只有一个宾语，变为被动语态时，将宾语变为主语：

They will discuss the plan at the meeting. 他们将在会议上讨论这个问题。

-- The plan will be discussed at the meeting. 这个问题将在会议上讨论。

In the past the king possessed great wealth. 过去国王拥有巨大的财富。

In the past great wealth was possessed by the king. 过去，巨大的财富为国王所拥有。

. 主语+谓语+间接宾语+直接宾语

在这个句型中，谓语动词跟有两个宾语。变成被动语态时，一般将通常指人的间接宾语转化成主语，但有时也可将指物的间接宾语转化成主语：

We gave the student some books. 我们给了这个学生几本书。

-- The student was given some books. 这个学生被给了几本书。

-- Some books were given to the student. 几本书被给了这个学生。

His father bought him a computer last week. 上周他父亲给他买了一台电脑。

-- He was bought a computer by his father last week. 上周他父亲给他买了一台电脑。

-- A computer was bought for him by his father last week. 上周他父亲给他买了一台电脑。

注意：用直接宾语作被动语态的主语时，通常要在间接宾语前加上适当的介词(如to, for, of等)，以加强间接宾语的语气。

They awarded him the Nobel Prize. 他们授予他诺贝尔奖。

-- The Nobel Prize was awarded(to)him. 诺贝尔奖被授予给他。

The host had caught us some fish. 主人给我们捉了一些鱼。

ome fish had been caught for us by the host. 主人给我们捉了一些鱼。(for不可省)

C. 主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补足语

在这个句型中，谓语动词后有一个宾语和一个宾语补足语，变成被动语态时，宾语转化成主语，宾语补足语也随之变为主语补足语：

All the villagers painted the houses white. 所有村民都把房子涂成了白色。

-- The houses were painted white by all the villagers. 房子都被所有的村民都涂成了白色。

They kept us waiting for a long time. 他们让我们等了很长时间。

-- We were kept waiting for a long time. 我们等了很长时间。

We regarded him as the best doctor in town. 我们认为他是城里最好的医生。

-- He was regarded as the best doctor in town. 他被认为是城里最好的医生。

注意：

有些使役动词和感官动词,如make, see, hear, watch, notice, observe, listen to等，在主动结构中跟不带to的动词不定式作宾语补足语，在变为被动结构时，不定式应加上to。

We heard him say good-bye to his friends. 我们听见他向朋友们道别。

He was heard to say good-bye to his friends. 他被听到向朋友们道别。

D. 含有情态动词的主动句变被动句

含有情态动词的谓语变成被动语态时，用“情态动词+ be done”构成。

情态动词

can could

may might

must

have had to

will would

hall should

ought to

主动形式

Can could do

May might do

must do

have had to do

will would do

hall should do

ought to do

被动形式

Can could be done

May might be done

must be done

have had to be done

will would be done

hall should be done

ought to be done

The machine must be operated with care. 这机器必须小心操作。

uch a sentence ought not to be used here. 这个句子不应该用在这里。

What's done cannot be undone. 覆水难收。

eople had to be reminded of the danger that night. 那天晚上必须提醒人们当心危险。

E. 含有“be going to do”和“be to do”等结构的主动句变被动句

含有“be going to do和 be to do 等结构的谓语动词，变成被动语态时，分别用“be going to + be done”和“be to + be done”。在这两种结构中，be只有一般现在时和一般过去时两种形式。

The problem is going to be discussed at the meeting. 这个问题将在会上讨论。

This new film is to be shown on TV next week. 这部新片下周将在电视上放映。

F.含有宾语从句的主动句变被动句

带有宾语从句的句子变成被动语态时，通常用it来作为被动句的形式主语，宾语从句保留不变。

They said that he had gone abroad to study English. 他们说他出国学英语去了。

-- It was said that he had gone abroad to study English. 据说他出国学英语去了。

We haven't decided when we should go camping. 我们还未决定什么时候去野营。

-- It hasn't been decided when we should go camping. 什么时候去野营尚未决定。

提示：

带有宾语从句的句子变成被动语态时，为了简练，还可把从句的主语变为被动句的主语，从句的谓语部分还可以变为不定式短语。

We believed that he would succeed. 我们相信他会成功。

-- He was believed to succeed. 人们相信他会成功。

Father expected that I should become an engineer. 父亲希望我成为工程师。

-- I was expected (by my father) to become an engineer. (父亲)希望我成为工程师。

G.祈使句的被动语态

肯定的祈使句的被动语态结构是：Let + 宾语 + be + 过去分词;否定的祈使句的被动语态结构是：Don't + let + 宾语 + be + 过去分词(或Let + 宾语 + not + be + 过去分词)。

Move the desks into the corridor.

-- Let the desks be moved into the corridor. 把课桌搬到走廊去。

Don't trust her.

-- Don't let her be trusted.

-- Let her not be trusted. 不要相信她。

H. 动词短语构成的被动语态

一般情况下，只有及物动词才能跟宾语，而不及物动词不能跟宾语，所以只有及物动词才有被动语态，不及物动词则没有被动语态。但有些不及物动词后面跟上介词或副词后，变成一个动词短语，相当于一个及物动词，因此就可以有被动语态。

The nurses in this hospital look after the patients very well.

-- The patients are well looked after by the nurses in this hospital. 病人在这所医院里被护士们照料得很周到。

They have put off the meeting till next Saturday.

-- The meeting has been put off till next Saturday. 会议已推迟到下周六了。

注意：

在使用被动语态时，千万不要遗漏句末的介词或副词。

uch a bad habit should be got rid of. 这样的坏习惯应该改掉。

All the important matters have now been attended to. 所有重要的事情都得到了处理。

I. 双重被动结构

双重被动结构指的是句中谓语动词和其后的不定式均为被动结构，句子的主语既是谓语动词的承受者，同时又是不定式动作的承受者。

They asked us to discuss the problem at once.

-- We were asked to discuss the problem at once.

-- The problem was asked to be discussed at once. 这个问题被要求立刻讨论。(双重被动)

he offered to buy a recorder for me.

-- A recorder was offered to be bought for me. 有人提出要帮我买一台录音机。(双重被动)

The teacher ordered that we should take the desk away.

-- The desk was ordered to be taken away. 课桌被要求搬走。(双重被动)

J.下列句子变成被动语态时，要用with，不用by

moke filled the meeting room. 烟充满了会议室。

The meeting room was filled with smoke. 会议室里充满了烟。

A cloth covered the table. 一块布把桌子罩了起来。

The table was covered with a cloth. 桌子上铺着一块布。

K.不能变为被动语态的结构

1.受动词的限制

①表示状态的及物动词，只能用于主动语态。

某些表示状态的及物动词，如have, own, cost, lack, want (缺乏), become (适合), fit, resemble, fail, last, flee, benefit, hold等作谓语时，不能变为被动句。

he resembles her mother. 她像她妈妈。

He lacks self-confidence. 他缺乏自信。

This hall can hold 2,000 people. 这个大厅能容纳两千人。

②当及物动词have表示“吃饭”、“患病”、“明白”、“知道”等意思时，没有被动语态形式。

Would you have a cup of tea 你要喝杯茶吗?

he had a bad cold yesterday, and now she is feeling much better. 昨天她得了重感冒，现在好多了。

③当动词get，take表示“懂得”、“知道”，owe表示“欠”，cost表示“使失去(生命、健康等)”的意思时，动词没有相应的被动语态。

Do you get me 你明白我的意思吗?

How do you take this passage 这段话你怎么理解?

I owe 50 pounds to you. 我欠你五十英镑。

His careless driving cost his life. 他粗心的驾驶使他丧了命。

2.受宾语的限制

①当宾语是相互代词、反身代词或具有类似相互代词的关系时，动词不能用于被动语态形式。

They simply cannot contain themselves for joy. 他们简直无法抑制内心的喜悦。

He absented himself from a meeting yesterday. 他昨天缺席会议了。

For years the two sisters looked after one another. 多年来两姐妹互相照顾。

②当宾语前带有主语的形容词性物主代词时，谓语动词通常不能转换为被动语态。

I could not believe my eyes when I saw him still alive. 看到他还活着，我简直不相信自己的眼睛。

The doctor shook his head and then went out without any words. 医生摇了摇头，一句话也没说就出去了。

注意：

动词的宾语是身体的一部分，一般不可变为被动语态，但也有例外。

He fixed his eyes on the oil painting. 他注视着这幅油画。

-- His eyes were fixed on the oil painting. 他的两眼注视着这幅油画。

③当宾语起状语作用，表示数量、重量、大小或程度时，不能用被动语态。

This kind of dictionary costs ten dollars. 这种字典价值十美元。

The case weighs twenty kilos. 这箱子重二十公斤。

④当宾语是同源宾语时，通常不能转换成被动语态。

He laughed a hearty laugh. 他由衷地笑了笑。

he dreamt a sweet dream. 她做了一个美梦。

⑤如果宾语是动词不定式或动词的-ing形式时，谓语动词一般不能变换成被动语态。

He admitted having done wrong. 他承认做错了。

He has decided to go and study abroad. 他已决定出国留学。

⑥如果enter, leave, reach的宾语是地点、国家机关等，不能改为被动语态

He left the army in 1998. 他1998年退伍。

he entered the hall at once. 她立刻就进入了大厅。

⑦另外，不可拆开的短语动词，如take place, lose heart, belong to, consist of, change colour等，也不能改为被动语态。

The book belongs to me. 这本书是我的。

he caught a very bad cold. 她患了重感冒。

高中英语必修四第五单元知识点整理总结 4

【重点词汇、短语】

1. system 系统，体系

2. theory 学说，理论

3. violent 猛烈的，激烈的，

4. in time 及时，终于

5. unlike 不同，不像

6. harmful 有害的

7. lay eggs 下蛋

8. exist 存在，生存

9. give birth to 产生，分娩

10. in one’s turn 轮到某人

11. prevent from 阻止

12. puzzle 谜，难题/使迷惑

13. pull 拉，牵引力

14. cheer up 感到振奋

15. now that 既然

16. break out 突发，爆发

17. watch out 密切注视

【重点句型】

1. We usually think of science subjects asphysics, chemistry, biology and mathematics.

通常我们认为科学学科为物理、化学、生物、和数学。

2. When are they to hand in their plan?

他们的计划什么时候交上来。

3. Whether we help him or not, he will fail.

不论我们帮助他与否，他都将失败。

4. It exploded loudly with fire and rock, whichwere in time to produce the water vapour, carbon dioxide, oxygen, nitrogen andother gases, which were to make the earth’s atmosphere.

它(地球)巨大的爆炸喷出了烈火与岩石，最终产生了水蒸气、二氧化碳、氧、氮和其他多种气体，从而形成了地球的大气层。

5. It was quite different from what I expected.

它和我原来想的很不一样。

6. This made it possible for us to learn English better.

这使得我们有可能把英语学得更好。

7. Scientist believe that taking carbon dioxide from the atmosphere and filling the air with oxygen helped life to develop.

科学家认为，从大气中吸取二氧化碳，并向空气中释放氧气，有助于生命的发展。

8. He has experience as well as knowledge.

他既有学识又有经验。

9. They are putting too much carbon dioxide into the atmosphere ,which prevents heat from escaping from the earth intospace.

他们把太多的二氧化碳释放到大气层中，这使得热量不能从地球上散发到太空中。

10. Whether life will continute on the earth formillions of years will depend on whether this problem can be solved.

生命是否会在地球上延续几百万年要取决于这个问题能否得到解决。

高中英语必修四第五单元知识点整理总结 5

1. equipment装备;设备 【U】

equip v. 装备

equip sb./sth. with 用…装备

2. appoint sb as/ to be 任命某人为…

appoint sb to do sth 委派某人做某事

make / have an appointment with sb. 与某人约会

3. suit n. 套装 v. 适合，适宜

uitable. adj 适合的

esuitable for sb/ sth 适合于某人，某物

e suitable to do sth 适合做某事

4. anxious adj. 忧虑的，渴望的

anxiety n. 担心;焦虑

e anxious about 为…担心

e anxious to do sth 急于做某事

e anxious that 希望…. ( that从句 用should + V )

5. panic 惊慌

anic sb into doing sth 使某人仓促行事

e panicked by 被….吓到

6. vary from …to.. = varybetween… and … 由..到..不等

vary in sth 在…方面有差异

vary with sth 随…..变化

a varietyof = varieties of 各种各样的 = various adj.

7. appreciate v. 欣赏;鉴赏

appreciate doing sth 欣赏干某事

I would appreciate it if ….如果….将不胜感激

appreciation n.

have an appreciation of 对…有欣赏力

express one’s appreciation/gratitudefor 因….表示感激

8.when 的用法

a. be doing ….when 正在做….这时

. be about to do ….when 正要做…这时….

c. be on the point of doing….when.. 刚要做….这时….

d. had just done…when… 刚做完….这时….

9. 短语

hare sth with sb 与某人分享某物

compare with 和…比较inthe distance 在远处

e appointed as 被任命为…

rotect…from…保护…免受.

urn to the ground 全部焚毁

make one’s way 前往

e enthusiastic about… 对….充满热情

draw up 起草

glance through 匆匆看一遍

take….by surprise 出乎某人的意料

give birth to 生产;

vary from…to… 由..到..不等

e home to … 栖息地

e rewarded with 奖赏

have a gift for 有….天赋

under guarantee 在保修期内

e conscious/ aware of 意识到