英语语法原则比较级前使用冠词的5大原则参考集锦

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英语语法原则比较级前使用冠词的5大原则参考集锦 1

一、人称代词是表示"我"、"你"、"他"、"她"、"它"、"我们"、"你们"、"他们"的词。人称代词有人称、数和格的变化，见下表：

数

单数

复数

格

主格

宾格

主格

宾格

第一人称

I

me

we

us

第二人称

you

you

you

you

第三人称

he

him

they

them

he

her

they

them

it

it

they

them

例如：Heis my friend. 他是我的朋友。

It's me. 是我。

二、 物主代词是表示所有关系的代词，也可叫做代词所有格。物主代词分形容性物主代词和名词性物主代词两种，其人物和数的变化见下表。

数

单数

复数

人称

第一人称

第二人称

第三人称

第一人称

第二人称

第三人称

形容词性物主代词

my

your

his/her/its

our

your

their

名词性物主代词

mine

yours

his/hers/its

ours

yours

theirs

例如：I like his car. 我喜欢他的小汽车。

Our school is here，and theirs is there. 我们的学校在这儿，他们的在那儿。

三、 指示代词表示"那个"、"这个"、"这些"、"那些"等指示概念的代词。指示代词有this，that，these，those等。例如：

That is a good idea. 那是个好主意。

四、 表示"我自己"、"你自己"、"他自己"、"我们自己"、"你们自己"和"他们自己"等的代词，叫做自身代词，也称为"反身代词"。

例如：She was talking to herself. 她自言自语。

五、 表示相互关系的代词叫相互代词，有each other 和one another两组，但在运用中，这两组词没什么大的区别。(有语法专家认为each other 指“两者”，one another表示“三者及以上”的彼此。)

例如：They love each other. 他们彼此相爱。

六、 不是指明代替任何特定名词的代词叫做不定代词。常见的不定代词有a11，both，each，every等，以及含有some-，any-，no-等的合成代词，如anybody，something，no one。这些不定代词大都可以代替名词和形容词，在句中作主语、宾语、表语和定语，但none和由some，any，no等构成的复合不定代词只能作主语、宾语或表语;every和no只能作定语。例如：

--- Do you have a car? --你有一辆小汽车吗?

--- Yes，I have one. --是的，我有一辆。

--- I don't know any of them. 他们，我一个也不认识。

七、 疑问代词 有who，whom，whose，what和which等。在句子中用来构成特殊疑问句。疑问代词都可用作连接代词，引导名词性从句(主语从句、宾语从句和表语从句) 例如：Tell me who he is. 告诉我他是谁。

八、 关系代词 有who，whom，whose，that，which，as等，可用作引导从句的关联词。它们在定语从句中可作主语、表语、宾语、定语等;另一方面它们又代表主句中为定语从句所修饰的那个名词或代词(先行词)。 例如：He is the man whom you have been lookingfor. 他就是你要找的那个人。

代词的用法

3.1人称代词的用法

1)人称代词的主格在句子中作主语或主语补语。例如：

John waited a while but eventually he wenthome. 约翰等了一会儿，最后他回家了。

John hoped the passenger would be Mary andindeed it was she. 约翰希望那位乘客是玛丽，还真是她。

说明：在复合句中，如果主句和从句主语相同，代词主语要用在从句中，名词主语用在主句中。例如：

When he arrived, John went straight to thebank. 约翰一到就直接去银行了。

2)人称代词的宾格在句子中作宾语或介词宾语，但在口语中也能作主语补语，第一人称在省略句中，还可以作主语。例如：

I sawher with them, at least, I thought it was her. 我看到她和他们在一起，至少我认为是她。(her做宾语，them做介词宾语，her做主语补语)

a.-- Who broke the vase? --谁打碎了花瓶?

. -- Me. --我。(me做主语补语= It's me.)

说明：在上面两例句中，her和me分别作主语补语。现代英语中多用宾格，在正式文体中这里应为she和I。

3.2人称代词之主、宾格的替换

1) 宾格代替主格

a.在简短对话中，当人称代词单独使用或在not 后，多用宾语。

----I like English. --我喜欢英语。

----Me too. --我也喜欢。

----Have more wine? --再来点酒喝吗?

----Not me. --我可不要了。

.在表示比较的非正式的文体中，常用宾格代替主格。但如果比较状语的谓语保留，则主语只能用主格。

He is taller than I/me.

He is taller than I am.

2) 主格代替宾格

a. 在介词 but，except 后，有时可用主格代替宾格。

. 在电话用语中常用主格。

---- I wish to speak to Mary. --我想和玛丽通话。

---- This is she. --我就是玛丽。

注意：在动词 be 或to be 后的人称代词视其前面的名词或代词而定。

I thought it was she. 我以为是她。 (主格----主格)

I thought it to be her. (宾格----宾格)

I was taken to be she. 我被当成了她。 (主格----主格)

They took me to be her. 他们把我当成了她。 (宾格----宾格)

3.3代词的指代问题

1)不定代词 anybody，everybody，nobody，anyone，someone， everyone，no one，及whoever和person在正式场合使用时，可用he, his, him代替。例如：

obody came, did he? 谁也没来，是吗?

2)动物名词的指代一般用it或they代替，有时也用he,she，带有亲切的感情色彩。例如：

Givethe cat some food. She is hungry. 给这猫一些吃的。她饿了。

3)指代车或国家，船舶的名词，含感情色彩时常用she。

3.4并列人称代词的排列顺序

1) 单数人称代词并列作主语时，其顺序为：第二人称-> 第三人称 -> 第一人称，即you-> he/she; it -> I。例如：

You,he and I should return on time.

2)复数人称代词作主语时，其顺序为：第一人称 -> 第二人称 -> 第三人称，即we ->you->they。

注意：在下列情况中，第一人称放在前面。

a. 在承认错误，承担责任时，

It was I and John that made her angry. 是我和约翰惹她生气了。

.在长辈对晚辈，长官对下属说话时，如长官为第一人称，如：

I and you try to finish it. 我和你去弄好它。

c. 并列主语只有第一人称和第三人称时。

d. 当其他人称代词或名词被定语从句修饰时。

3.5物主代词

1)物主代词既有表示所属的作用又有指代作用。例如：

Johnhad cut his finger; apparently there was a broken glass on his desk.

约翰割破了手指，显而易见，他桌子上有个破玻璃杯。

物主代词有形容词性(my, your等)和名词性(mine, yours等)两种，形容词性的物主代词属于限定词。名词性的物主代词在用法上相当于省略了中心名词的--'s属格结构。例如：

Jack'scap 意为The cap is Jack's。

Hiscap 意为The cap is his。

2)名词性物主代词的句法功能

a. 作主语。例如：

MayI use your pen? Yours works better. 我可以用一用你的钢笔吗?你的比我的好用。

. 作宾语。例如：

Ilove my motherland as much as you love yours. 我深爱我的祖国就像你深爱你的祖国一样。

c. 作介词宾语。例如：

Yourshould interpret what I said in my sense of the word, not in yours.

你应当按我所用的词义去解释我说的话，而不能按你自己的去解释。

d. 作主语补语。例如：

Thelife I have is yours. It's yours. It's yours. 我的生命属于你，属于你，属于你。

3.6 双重所有格

物主代词不可与 a, an, this, that, these, those,some, any, several, no, each, every, such, another, which等词一起前置，修饰一个名词，而必须用双重所有格。公式为：a, an, this, that +名词+of +名词性物主代词。例如：a friend of mine, each brother of his.

3.7.反身代词 列表

数

单数

复数

人称

第一人称

第二人称

第三人称

第一人称

第二人称

第三人称

人称代词

I

you

he/she/it

we

you

they

反身代词

myself

yourself

yourself/herself/himself

ourselves

yourselves

themselves

另外：one的反身代词为oneself

2)做宾语

a. 有些动词需有反身代词，如absent, bathe, amuse, blame, dry, cut, enjoy, hurt, introduce,behave等。例如：

Weenjoyed ourselves very much last night. 我们昨晚玩得很开心。

lease help yourself to some fish. 请你随便吃点鱼。

. 用于及物动词+宾语+介词，如take pridein, be annoyed with, help oneself to sth等。例如：

I could not dress(myself)up at that time. 那个时候我不能打扮我自己。

注：有些动词后不跟反身代词，如：get up, sit-down, stand up,wake up等。例如：

lease sit down. 请坐。

3)用作表语，如结构be oneself。例如：

Iam not myself today. 我今天不舒服。

4) 用作同位语

Thething itself is not important. 事情本身并不重要。

5) 在不强调的情况下，but, except, for 等介词后宾语用反身代词或人称代词宾格均可。如：Noone but myself(me)is hurt.

注意：

a. 反身代词本身不能单独作主语。

(错)Myself drove the car.

(对)I myself drove the car. 我自己开车。

. 但在and, or, nor连接的并列主语中，第二个主语可用反身代词，特别是myself 作主语。例如：

Charles and myself saw it. 查尔斯和我看见了这件事。

3.8相互代词

1)相互代词只有eachother和one another两个词组。他们表示句中动词所叙述的动作或感觉在涉及的各个对象之间是相互存在的。例如：

It is easy to seethat the people of different cultures have always copied each other.

显而易见，不同文化的人总是相互借鉴的。

2)相互代词的句法功能：

a. 作动词宾语;

eople should love one another. 人们应当彼此相爱。

. 可作介词宾语;

Does bark, cocks crow, frogs croak to eachother. 吠、鸡鸣、蛙儿对唱。

说明：传统语法认为，相互关系存在于两个人或物之间用each other， 存在于两个以上人和物之间用one another。现代英语中，两组词交替使用的实例也很多。例如：

Heput all the books beside each other/one another. 他把所有书并列摆放起来。

Usuallythese small groups were independent of each other. 这些小团体通常是相互独立的。

c. 相互代词可加-'s构成所有格。例如：

The students borrowed each other's notes. 学生们互借笔记。

3.9指示代词

1) 指示代词分单数(this / that)和复数(these / those)两种形式，既可作限定词又可做代词。例如：

 

单数

复数

限定词

This girl is Mary.

Those men are my teachers.

代词

This is Mary.

Those are my teachers.

2)指示代词的句法功能;

a. 作主语。例如：

This is the way to do it. 这事儿就该这样做。

. 作宾语。例如：

Ilike this better than that. 我喜欢这个甚至那个。

c. 作主语补语。例如：

Mypoint is this. 我的观点就是如此。

d. 作介词宾语。例如：

Idon't say no to that. 我并未拒绝那个。

There is no fear of that. 那并不可怕。

说明1：指示代词在作主语时可指物也可指人，但作其他句子成分时只能指物，不能指人。例如：

(对)That is myteacher. 那是我的老师。(that作主语，指人)

(对)He is goingto marry this girl. 他要和这个姑娘结婚。(this作限定词)

(错)He is goingto marry this. (this作宾语时不能指人)

(对)I boughtthis. 我买这个。(this指物，可作宾语)

说明2：That和those可作定语从句的先行词，但this和 these不能，同时，在作先行词时，只有those可指人，试比较：

(对) He admiredthat which looked beautiful. 他赞赏外表漂亮的东西。

(对) He admiredthose who looked beautiful. 他赞赏那些外表漂亮的人。(those指人)

(错) He admiredthat who danced well. (that作宾语时不能指人)

(对) He admiredthose who danced well. 他赞赏跳舞好的人。(those指人)

(对) He admiredthose which looked beautiful. 他赞赏那些外表漂亮的东西。(those指物)

3.10疑问代词

1) 疑问代词在句中起名词词组的作用，用来构成疑问句。疑问代词有下列几个：

指人：who, whom, whose

指物：what

既可指人又可指物：which

2)疑问代词在句中应位于谓语动词之前，没有性和数的变化，除who之外也没有格的变化。what, which, whose还可作限定词。试比较：

疑问代词：Whose arethese books on the desk? 桌上的书是谁的?

What was the directional flow of U. S.territorial expansion? 美国的领土扩张是朝哪个方向的?

限定词：Whose books arethese on the desk? 桌上的书是谁的?

Whatevents led to most of the east of the Mississippi River becoming part of theUnited States?

哪些事件使密西西比河以东的大部分土地归属于美国?

说明1：无论是做疑问代词还是限定词，which 和 what 所指的范围不同。what所指的范围是无限的，而which则指在一定的范围内。例如：

Which girls do you like best? 你喜欢哪几个姑娘?

What girls do you like best? 你喜欢什么样的姑娘?

说明2：Whom是who的宾格，在书面语中，它作动词宾语或介词宾语，在口语中作宾语时，可用who代替，但在介词后只能用whom, 例如：

Who(m)did you meet on the street? 你在街上遇到了谁?(作动词宾语)

Who(m) are you taking the book to? 你要把这书带给谁?(作介词宾语，置句首)

To whom did youspeak on the campus? 你在校园里和谁讲话了?(作介词宾语，置介词后，不能用who取代。)

说明3：疑问代词用于对介词宾语提问时，过去的文体中介词和疑问代词通常一起放在句首，现代英语中，疑问代词在句首，介词在句末。例如：

For what do most people live andwork? 大部分人生活和工作的目的是什么?(旧文体)

Whatare you looking for? 你在找什么?(现代英语)

说明4：疑问代词还可引导名词性从句。例如：

I can't make out what he is drivingat. 我不知道他用意何在。

Can you tell me whose is the blue shirton the bed? 你能告诉我床上的蓝衬衣是谁的吗?

Muchof what you say I agree with, but I cannot go all the way with you.

你说的我大部分同意，但并不完全赞同。

3.11.关系代词

1)关系代词用来引导定语从句。它代表先行词，同时在从句中作一定的句子成分。例如：The girl to whom I spoke is mycousin. 跟我讲话的姑娘是我表妹。

该句中whom既代表先行词thegirl，又在从句中作介词to的宾语。

2) 关系代词有主格，宾格和属格之分，并有指人与指物之分。在限定性定语从句中，that 可指人也可指物，见表：  

指人

指物

指人或指物

主 格

who

which

that

宾 格

whom

that

that

属 格

whose

of which/whose

of which/whose

例如：Thisis the pencil whose point is broken. 这就是那枝折了尖的铅笔。(whose指物，在限定性定语从句中作定语)

He came back for the book which he hadforgotten. 他回来取他丢下的书。(which指物，在限定性定语从句中作宾语，可以省略)

说明：非限定性定语从句中，不能用that作关系代词。

3)关系代词which的先行词可以是一个句子。例如：

He said he saw me there, which was a lie. 他说在那儿看到了我，纯属谎言。

说明：关系代词在从句中作宾语时可以省略。另外，关系代词that在从句中作表语时也可省略。

例如：I've forgotten much of the Latin I onceknew.我过去懂拉丁语，现在大都忘了。

He'schanged. He's not the man he was. 他变化很大，已不是过去的他了。

3.12 不定代词every , no, all, both, neither, nor等的用法：

1)不定代词有all , both, every, each, either,neither, more, little, few, much, many, another, other, some, any , one, no 以及some, something, anything, everything, somebody, someone, anybody,anyone, nothing , nobody, no one, none, everybody, everyone.等。

2)不定代词的功能与用法

a. 除every 和no外不定代词既可用作名词，也可用作形容词。every和no在句中只能作定语。例如：

I have no idea about it. 我不知该咋办。

. all 都，指三者以上。all 的主谓一致：all的单复数由它所修饰或指代的名词的单复数决定。例如：

Allgoes well. 一切进展得很好。

all 通常不与可数名词单数连用，如：不说all the book，而说 the whole book。

但all可与表时间的可数名词单数连用，如 all day，all night，allthe year;但习惯上不说 all hour，allcentury。

all还可以与一些特殊的单数名词连用，如all China，all the city，all my life，all the way

3)both 都，指两者。

a. both 与复数动词连用，但both… and…可与单数名词连用。

. both, all 都可作同位语，其位置在行为动词前， be 动词之后。如果助动词或情态动词后面的实义动词省去，则位于助动词或情态动词之前。

例如：--Who can speak Japanese? 谁能讲日本话?

--We both(all)can. 我们都不会。

4)neither 两者都不

a. neither作主语时，谓语动词用单数。

. 作定语与单数名词连用，但neither… nor 用作并列连词，可与复数名词连用。其谓语(主谓一致)采用就近原则。

c. 可用于下列句型，避免重复。例如：

he can't sing，neither(can)he. 她不会唱歌，他也不会。

5)neither 与nor 的比较

a. 如前句是否定式从句，则主句用neither，而不用 nor。例如：

If you don't do it，neither should I. 如果你不干，我也不干。

.如后连续有几个否定句式，则用nor，不用neither。例如：

He can't sing，nor dance，nor skate. 他不会唱歌，不会跳舞，也不会滑冰。

3.13特殊的不定代词:none, few, some, any, one, ones

一、 none无

1) none作主语，多与of 构成短语none of。在答语中，none可单独使用。例如：

--Are there any pictures on the wall? 墙上有画吗?

--None. 没。

2) none作主语，谓语动词单复数均可。但如做表语，则其单复数与表语一致。例如：

Itis none of your business. 闲事莫管。

二、few 一些，少数

few 作主语时，谓语动词用复数，多用于肯定句。

三、some 一些; 某一

1)可与复数名词及不可数名词连用。

2)当做"某一"解时，也可与单数名词连用。(= a certain)

Youwill be sorry for this some day. 总有一天，你会为此后悔的。

Acertain (some) person has seenyou break the rule. 有些人不同意你的看法。

注意：

(1)在肯定疑问句中用some代替any。

(2)some用于其他句式中:

a.肯定疑问句中：说话人认为对方的答案会是肯定的，或期望得到肯定回答时。

在Would you like...句式中，表委婉请求或建议。例如：

Wouldyou like some coffee? 喝咖啡吗?

.在条件状语从句中表示确定的意义时。例如：

If you need some help，let me know. 需要帮助，跟我说。

c.some位于主语部分。例如：

ome students haven't been there before. 有些学生没去过那儿。

d.当否定的是整体中的部分时，some可用于否定句。例如：

I haven't heard from some of my old friends these years. 这些年我没有收到一些老朋友的信。

e.用于指不确定的可数名词单数(相当于 a certain 之意)。

There was some book on the table just now.刚才桌上有过一本书。

四、any 一些

1) any 多用于否定句和疑问句和条件状语从句中。

当句中含有“任何”的意思时，any可用于肯定句。

Here are three novels. You may read any. 这有三本小说，你可任读一本。

五、one, 复数形式为ones

ones必须和形容词连用。如果替代的名词时无形容词在前，则用some, any，而不用ones。例如：

Have you bought any rulers? 买尺了吗?

Yes, I 've bought some. 买了，买了几把。

3.14区别one，that 和it

one表示泛指，that和it 表示特指。that与所指名词为同类，但不是同一个，而it 与所指名词为同一个。例如：

I can't find my hat. I think I must buy one.(不定)我找不到我的帽子了。我想我该去买一顶。

Thehat you bought is bigger than that I bought.(同类但不同个)你买的那顶帽子比我买的大。

Ican't find my hat. I don' t know where I put it.( 同一物)我找不到我的帽子。我不知道我把它放在哪了。

3.15区别 one/another/the other

one… theother 只有两个

ome… the others 有三个以上

one… another，another…

ome… others，others…

others= other people/things

theothers = the rest 剩余的全部

1)泛指另一个用another。

2)一定范围内两人(物)，一个用one，另一个用the other。

3)一定范围内三者，一个用one，另一个用one (another)，第三个可用the other，a third。

4)一定范围内，除去一部分人/物，剩余的全部用the others。

5)泛指别的人或物时，用others当在一定范围内，除去一部分后，剩余部分但不是全部时，也用others。

3.16“the”的妙用

He is one of the students who help me.

He isthe one of the students who helps me. 他是帮我的学生之一。

第一句定语从句与the students 一致。

第二句定语从句与the one 一致。

3.17区别 anyone/any one;no one/none;every/each

1.anyone和 any one

anyone仅指人，any one既可指人，也可指物。

2.no one和none

a) none 后跟of短语，既可指人又可指物，而no one只单独使用，只指人。

) none 作主语，谓语动词用单，复数均可，而no one作主语谓语动词只能是单数。例如：

one of you could lift it. 你们中没有人可举起它。

---- Did any one call me up just now? --刚才有人打电话给我吗?

---- No one. --没有。

3.every 和each

1) every强调全体的概念， each强调个体概念。例如：

Every student in our school works hard. 我们学校的学生都很用功。

Each student may have one book.. 每个学生都可有一本书。

2) every指三个以上的人或物(含三个)，each指两个以上的人或物 (含两个)。

3) every只作形容词，不可单独使用。each可作代词或形容词。例如：

Every boy has to take one. 每个男孩必须取一个。

Each boy has to take one.

Each of the boys has to take one.

4) every不可以作状语，each可作状语。

5) every有反复重复的意思，如 every two weeks等;each没有。

6) every与not 连用，表示部分否定;each 和not连用表示全部否定。例如：

Everyman is not honest. 并非每个人都诚实。

Eachman is not honest. 这儿每个人都不诚实。

3.18区别both, either, neither, all, any, none

这些词都可用作代词或形容词。其位置都在be 动词之后，行为动词之前或第一个助动词之后。

1)both (两者都)，either(两者中任何一个)，neither (两者都不)。以上词使用范围为两个人或物。例如：

eitherof the two boys is clever. 两个男孩都不聪明。

2)both，either

oth与复数连用，either与单数连用。例如：

oth the boys are clever. 两个男孩都很聪明。

Either of the two boys is clever.

There are flowers on both sides of thestreet. 路边长满了野花。

There are flowers on either side of thestreet.

3)all (所有的，全部的人或物)，any (任何一个)， none (都不)。以上词使用范围为三者以上。例如：

All the flowers are gone. 所有的花都谢了。

I don't like any of the flowers. 这些花我都不喜欢。

I like none of the flowers. 这些花我都不喜欢。

注意：all与none用法一样。跟单数名词，用单数动词;跟复数名词，用复数动词。例如：

Allof the students are there. 所有的学生都在那。

All(of) the milk is there. 所有的牛奶都在那。

3.19区别many, much

Many，much都意为"许多"， many + 可数名词，much + 不可数名词。例如：

Howmany people are there at the meeting? 多少人出席了会议。

Howmuch time has we left? 还剩多少时间?

Manyof the workers were at the meeting.许多工人在开会。

Muchof the time was spent on learning.学习上化了许多时间。

3.20区别few, little, a few, a little

(a) few + 可数名词, (a) little + 不可数名词

a few/ a little 为肯定含义，还有一点

few /little 为否定含义，没有多少了。例如：

He hasa few friends. 他有几个朋友。

He hasfew friends. 他几乎没有朋友。

Westill have a little time. 我们还有点时间。

Thereis little time left. 几乎没剩下什么时间了。

固定搭配：only a few (=few) not a few (=many) quite a few (=many) many a (=many)。例如：Many books were sold./Many a book was sold. 卖出了许多书。

典型例题: Although he's wealthy，he spends___ on clothes.

A. little B. few C. a little D. a few

答案：A. spend所指的是钱，不可数，只能用little或 a little. 本句为although引导的让步状语从句，由句意知后句为否定含义，因此应用little表示几乎不。

英语语法原则比较级前使用冠词的5大原则参考集锦 2

一.解题步骤：

1，快速浏览，了解大意。对于简单有把握的空，可以先填出来;

2，上下求索，填出答案。根据上下文及空格前后的逻辑关系，填出正确的词以及正确的形式;

3，通读全文，检查确认。特别要注意，根据文章意思，有些空是否要加入否定前缀。

二.解题思路：

1.有提示词

首先需要我们根据上下文，分析句子成分，确定空格所需要的词性，再根据前后文确定词形。

(1)如果需要填入动词，我们需要判断到底是谓语动词和非谓语动词。

#129; 如果缺谓语动词，就要考虑到时态和语态的变化。

quo;若句中已有谓语动词，又不是并列谓语时，那么我们应该填入非谓语动词，这时我们需要确定到底是to do, doing还是done的形式。

例题：

For example, I ________ (order) a digital camera online the other day and saved about $50.

On their return, the father asked his son ________(explain) what he had learnt.

He likes reading books ________ (write) by Lu Xun.

(2)如果需要填入名词，我们则需要根据我们的积累，加上正确的词缀，并判断是否有单复数的变化。

通常情况下，作主语，及物动词或介词的宾语，形容词或物主代词之后，冠词+(形容词)后以及表示数量的词后要用名词。

例题：

①. My first ________ (impress) of him is that he was a kind and thoughtful man.

②. These people have made great ________ (contribute) to China with their work.

③ What is the ___________(different) between the two words.

④I received a letter of ___________(invite) but I didn’t accept it.

The ___________ (win) of the competition are to be announced next week.

(3). 如果需要填入形容词、副词。首先，我们要确认到底是填形容词还是副词。形容词一般用来修饰名词，代词，或作表语;副词一般用来修饰动词，形容词，副词或整个句子。其次，我们还要考虑是否需要变成比较级或最高级。

例题：

①Before the trip I thought we were rich, but today I learnt who is ________(true) rich.

②His teacher took a deep drink, smiled ________ (warm).

③The winning car reached a speed of forty miles an hour---much ________ (fast) than any of its rivals.

④The teachers are very enthusiastic and __________ (friend) and the classrooms are _____________ (amaze).

2.无提示词。

无提示词的空格一般需要填入冠词，代词，介词，连词(并列连词和从属连词)等虚词。

(1).名词前面一般用冠词，形容词性物主代词或介词等。

例题：

①. A young man, while traveling through a desert, came across a spring of clear water. ________ water was sweet.

②. Besides,shopping at this time of the year was not ________ pleasant experience.

③. The young man went home ________ a happy heart.

④. Mo Yan won the Nobel Prize for ________ great works.

(2).缺主语或宾语，一般填代词。常考的代词包括：人称代词，物主代词，反身代词，不定代词。

做题时，先要通过翻译句子来确定该空格处所缺的意思，从而确定用哪一种代词，再通过平时积累的语法知识，来判断代词的准确使用。

例题：

①. Here are two bags. The blue ________ is mine.

②.Jane was asked a lot of questions,but she didn’t answer any of _________.

③. New technologies have made _________ possible to turn out new products faster.

(3). 若两个或多个单词，短语，或句子之间设空，一般填入并列连词and, but, or等。

例题：

①. Each winner receives a gold medal, a diploma ________ a sum of money.

②. He was very tired from doing this for a whole day, ________ he felt very happy.

③. Which do you prefer, folk music ________ pop music?

(4). 若两个句子之间没有分号或是句号;若一个句子包含在另一个句子里面，或一个句子位于逗号之后，则应该填连词，多为从属连词that, who, which, if,unless, though, because, when, until等。

例题：

Finally he reached a lonely island ________ was completely cut off from the outside world.

________we have enough evidence, we cannot win the case.

At the same time, there had been a growing number of overseas students ________came back to China after study.

语法填空实时训练

One Sunday morning, I decided to buy a computer to use for school. I went to _________store in town, which sold all kinds of computers. There were _______ many computers there that I didn’t know how to choose a right one.

A young man greeted me with a sweet smile. He looked like not a salesman_______ a student like me. I had a strange feeling—as if I had met him before. He began _______ (patient)showing me each model. With his help, I decided to buy one computer with enough functions ________ a very low price. I enjoyed this shopping experience because of his smile. A few months later, something was wrong with my computer. I went back to the store to have it _______(repair). When I arrived there, what I saw first was still his smile. As soon as I told him my problem, he comforted me immediately and tried his best ________(solve) the problem for me. I was quite grateful to him for _______(him) sweet smile and good service (服务).

When I went back to school, his smile often appeared in my mind. I don’t know ________ we’ll meet each other again, but his sweet smile will stay there in my memory and deep in my heart. Smiling is the most peaceful language in our life.

英语语法原则比较级前使用冠词的5大原则参考集锦 3

1.语法单句填空

引入范例：

动词 ing(现在分词)

*More highways have been built in China，____ (make) it much easier for people to travel from one place to another.

答案 making

动词 ed分词(过去分词)

*Recently the father has found his son increasingly ___ attracted ___ to the Internet games.

句意：最近那位父亲发现他的儿子越来越沉溺于网络游戏。宾语his son与attract为逻

辑上的被动关系。

动词 to do(不定式)

Group activities will be organized after class (help) children develop team spirit.(2014重庆，11)

答案 to help

解析 考查非谓语动词。句意为：将在课后组织各种团体活动以帮助儿童培养团队精神。培养团队精神是组织课外团体活动的目的。英语中表示目的时应当使用动词不定式。

其他情况

The airport (complete) next year will help promote tourism in this area.(2013四川，10)

答案 to be completed

(spend) the past year as an exchange student in Hong Kong，Linda appears more mature than those of her age.(2014福建，27)

答案 Having spent

解析 考查非谓语动词。花费和其逻辑主语Linda之间是主动关系，故用现在分词;且动作发生在谓语动作之前，用现在分词的完成式

1.Time, used (use) correctly, is money in the bank. (2012湖南)

2.Having spent (spend) the past year as an exchange student in Hong Kong, Linda appears more mature than those of her age.(14福建)

3.Having been shown (show) around the Water Cube, we were then taken to see the Birds Nest for the 2008 Olympic Games.(08陕西)

4.Standing(stand) in a long queue, we waited for the store to open to buy a New iPad. (2012陕西)

5. Tired (tire) and short of breath, Andy and Ruby were the first to reach the top of Mount Tai.(09浙江)

6.The next thing he saw was smoke rising (rise) from behind the house. (2011全国I)

7. George returned after the war, only to be told (tell) that his wife had left him.(2012山东)

8.The lecture having been given (give), a lively question-and-answer session followed.(2014江苏)

9.To free (free) ourselves from the physical and mental tensions, we each need deep thought and inner quietness. (2014湖南)

10.Absorbed (absorb) in the book she was reading, Mary didnt notice me approaching.

11.Children, whenaccompanied (accompany)by their parents, are allowed to enter the stadium.(2014湖南)

12.Though surprised (surprise)to see us，the professor gave us a warm welcome.(2010全国Ⅱ卷)

13.Though lacking (lack)money, his parents managed to send him to university.

14.While crossing (cross) the street, you cant be too careful.

15.When completed ( complete), the museum will be open to the public next year.

16. The witnesses questioned (question) by the police just now gave very different deions of the fight. (2013陕西)

17.His first book to be published (publish) next month is based on a true story.(2010陕西)

18.Volunteering gives you a chance to change (change)lives, including your own.(2013北京)

19.Prices of daily goods bought (buy) through a computer can be lower than prices in stores. (2002全国春)

20.There is a note pinned to the door saying (say)when the shop will open again. (2014山东)

21.With the governments aid, those affected (affect) by the earthquake have moved to the new settlements. (2009上海)

22.Ladies and gentlemen, please remain seated (seat) until the plane has come to a complete stop. (2009四川)

23. Mrs. Brown was much disappointed to see the washing machine she had hadrepaired (repair) went wrong again. (1999上海)

24.Tom was explaining to us and he was trying to make himself understood(understand).

25.With many brightly colored flowersplanted (plant) around the building, his house looks like a beautiful garden.

26.Lost (lose) in the mountains for a week, the two students were finally saved by the local police. (05江苏)

27.As the old saying goes, friendship is like money easier made than kept (keep).

28.When she was on his way back home, she had her wallet stolen (steal) yesterday.

29.Caught (catch) in the heavy rain, he was all wet.

30.Given (give) more time, we could do it much better.

31.Dressed (dress)in a white uniform, he looks more like a cook than a doctor.

32.Lost (lose) in thought, he almost ran into the car in front of him.

33.Driven (drive)by a greater demand of vegetables, farmers have built more green houses.

34.Seen (see) from the top of hill, the town looks more beautiful.

35.When they got there, the girl was found beaten ( beat) black and blue.

36.The club, founded (found) 25 years ago, is holding a party for past and present members.

37.I like getting up very early in summer. The morning air is so good to breathe(breathe).

38.I am not accustomed tobeing treated ( treat) like this.

39. The living room is clean and tidy, with a dining table already laid (lay) for a meal to be cooked

41. Film has a much shorter history, especially when compared ( compare) to such art forms as music and painting.

2.语法单句改错

1.It is difficult to understanding why she barks every minute shes outside.(2014年辽understand

2.He wantedteach me about animals, insects and trees.(2014 陕西)toteach

3.She used to holding me on her knees and sing old songs.(2013新课标全国)

hold

4. She never seemedcare what the rest of us thought about her. to care

5.It was a lesson to us that it was possible give without expecting anything in return.

give

6.A very much famous writer agreed to reading my story and give me some advice.

read

7.One evening at sunset, we sat by the fire, had our barbecue.(2014 陕西)having

8.Felt hungry, we built a fire by the lake and barbecued the fish.(2013陕西)

Feeling

9.Follow this explanation, there was a rapid ｄｒｏｐ in the number of reported sightings.(2011辽宁)Following

10.Third, we should find ways to reuse the water using in washing.(2012大纲全国II)used

11.I also shared with my friends many photos taking in Beijing.(2012陕西)taken

12.The assistant was clearly as embarrassing as my sister. embarrassed

13.Im pleasing to hear it, said his boss, but where were you yesterday?pleased

14.After think for some time, I let her copy my answers.(2013年四川)thinking

15.He isnt good at talk but he gets on well with other people. (2013新课标)

talking

16.Have tea in the late afternoon provides a bridge between lunch and dinner, that might not be served until 8 oclock at night. (2013年新课标Ⅱ)Having

17.Thank you so much for not only giving me life, but also teach me how to be a good person. (2012四川) teaching

18.I soon got used to live without my parents around.(2011重庆)living

19.The foreigner tried his best to make his pointbe understood.划去be

20.They found a piece of rope with one end tying in a circle.tied

21. Mark got his hands to burnt in the accident.划去to

22. What kept you so exciting? excited

23.You should speak loudly enough to make yourself hear. heard

24.I noticed the traffic holding up after a bad accident. held

25.She denied there be any misunderstanding between them.being

26. There were so many people in the street watch the fire that firefighters couldnt get close to the building .watching

27.Weatherpermits, we are going to visit you tomorrow. permitting

英语语法原则比较级前使用冠词的5大原则参考集锦 4

原则一：晚词优先

老师偏爱“学得晚”的单词，因为使用学得比较晚的单词，可以体现一个人“学以致用”的意识。如果一个意思既可以用初中单词来表达，又可以用高二、高三单词来表达，那尽量选择高二、高三的单词，如：

(1)adj.困难的

黯然低分词：difficult

闪光高分词：challenging 有挑战性的

(2)adj.重要的

黯然低分词：important

闪光高分词：vital 至关重要的; essential 必不可少的; significant 有重要意义的

(3)adj.美丽的

黯然低分词：beautiful

闪光高分词：appealing动人的; attractive 吸引人的; charming迷人的; fascinating 迷人的

注：以上五个词既能修饰人，又能修饰物，非常好用，务必记熟!

原则二：短语优先

在阅卷老师看来，活用短语是一个考生能力的体现。因此，我们可以掌握一些将某些常见单词转化为短语的用法，如：

(4)v. 参加

黯然低分词：join

闪光高分词：take part in; participate in

(5)v. 使用

黯然低分词：use

闪光高分词：make good use of

(6)v. 拜访

黯然低分词：visit

闪光高分词：pay a visit to

(7)最常见的换词手段：形容词=of+同根名词

黯然低分词：very important 重要的; very difficult 困难的; very beautiful 美丽的; very useful 有用的; very helpful 有帮助的; very harmful 有害的; very valuable 有价值的;very significant 至关重要的; very necessary 必要的

闪光高分词：of great importance; of great difficulty; of great beauty; of great use;of great help; of great harm; of great value; of great significance; of great necessity

原则三：“具体化”单词优先

请先对比以下几组句子：

【例句1】I go to school everyday.

【例句2】I ride to school everyday.

很多同学都能感觉到例句2要比例句1好。究其原因，是例句2中的 ride 比例句1中的 go 更加具体：go只表达了“去”的意思，而ride不但表达出“去”的意思，还能表达出具体的交通方式。也就是说，例句2表达的信息量比例句1更加丰富。

再如：

【例句3】Mr Wang is a good teacher.

【例句4】Mr Wang is a kind, patient and knowledgeable teacher.

例句3只表达出Mr Wang是一个“好”老师，而到底“好”在哪些方面，却没有具体说清楚; 例句4则清楚地告诉读者，Mr Wang好在三个方面：和蔼(kind)、耐心(patient)以及知识丰富(knowledgeable)。

因此，我们必须学会换用更为具体的单词表达我们的思想，如：

(8)v. 学习

黯然低分词：learn

闪光高分词：research研究; pick up偶然学到，顺便学到，轻松学到; master掌握

(9)n. 好老师

黯然低分词：a good teacher

闪光高分词：a kind, patient and knowledgeable English teacher 一个善良、耐心、博学的老师

当然，除了替换某些表意抽象的单词，我们还可以通过增加细节成分，使表达更为具体，如，例句2可以加上同伴、心情等信息，进一步改写成：

【例句5】I，together with Tom and Jerry, rode to the Zhongshan park yesterday，feeling rather excited.

同样的，例句4也可以加上一个定语从句，写出Mr Wang到底擅长哪些事情，如：

【例句6】Mr Wang is a kind, patient and knowledgeable teacher who knows how to enlighten us students.

可以看到，例句5和例句6两个句子采用“具体化”的手段，将原本毫无生气的句子顿时变得生动形象了。

综上所述，想让你的表达“具体化”，一共有两种常用方法，其一，是换掉某些表意不明确的单词，换上表意更加明确具体的单词; 其二，是在句中适当增加细节成分。“具体化”的好处，是让句子的含义更加丰富，让读者更容易由句子展开丰富的联想，随着作者一起经历、一起思考、一起感动。在平时的学习、训练中，与其生硬地使用超纲词汇，不如好好熟悉大纲单词，用好“具体化”的两种方法，为你的作文增光添彩。

事实上，“具体化”在汉语写作中也有同样的体现。比如，要表达“惜别”的感情，光说“再见”是不够的，应该像诗人那样，用具体化的细节带动感情，写出梦幻般的文字：“让我与你握别/ 再轻轻抽出我的手/ 知道思念从此生根/ 浮云白日/ 山川庄严温柔......”

这就是“具体化”的作用，你体会到了吗?

原则四：大纲词汇的衍生词优先

在高中英语中，我们已经涉及到了词根词缀的知识。运用这些知识，可以将很多高中词汇衍生为四六级词汇甚至托福、雅思词汇。如果能够熟练使用一两个这种词汇，你的作文肯定“碉堡了”!

举例如下，看看后面的替换词都是由哪些单词变来的?

(10)adj. 当然地

黯然低分词：certainly

闪光高分词：obviously 明显地; undoubtedly 毫无疑问地; evidently显然地;

(11)adj. 不开心的

黯然低分词：sad

闪光高分词：discouraged气馁的; depressed沮丧的; downhearted垂头丧气的; low-spirited意志消沉的

可以看出，这里列举的“大纲词汇衍生词”看上去都相当“有水平”，但都是由大纲中的简单单词加上某些前缀、后缀变来的，可以说又好记，又好用，你学会了吗?

只要运用以上四种方法，在平时的学习中不断积累和使用“闪光高分词”，一定能让你的作文绽放出最美的光辉!

英语语法原则比较级前使用冠词的5大原则参考集锦 5

听力

art A ，

10句问答，在专项训练中，要总结经常导致自己失分的问题：

如语音语调问题，要仔细去听，模仿，跟读，再忘记先前的训练，再听题目，确保这样的问题彻底解决，以后听到这样的语句或是类似的场景，不会茫然不知所措，而是得心应手的。

一些问题要彻底解决无从下手时，就应从一次次积累起来。

另外，这一大题中较大的问题可能是反应不过来，影响下一题，这样恶性循环，总是会较多地失分。

所以在练习中，就要强迫自己去反应，并且迅速从上一题中恢复过来，接受下一题的新信息。

这种就是实战应解决的问题。而这些问题明明可以靠平时练习去解决掉，如果拖到高考还未解决岂不是太冤枉了!

art B,

两篇短文，起先我总是在这一大题中扣很多分，这一大题还是2分一道，冲破这道关尤其重要有效。

可以买些英语磁带，读的短文包括各种风土人情，包含各个方面，也可以看一些这样的短文，熟悉用词，坚持下来，一定能有很大的改善。

art C,

要注意顺序，要纵观全题，小心听对话时的信息遗漏，在做要求自己概括的空格时，不要怕，只要用简单的英语表达出来，也可以参考文中关键词，答案并不会死扣。

书店里很多参考书对方法介绍的很全面，或许会发现方法有重复，看过后就觉得自己学会了，

不!

觉得一种方法好就要去用，只有反复用这种方法去训练自己，让以后做题目时自觉地应用，才算真正学到一种方法。

觉得这种训练是浪费时间，而去投入题海中，反而是时间精力的损失。

语法

钻在语法书中苦练是得不偿失的。选择一本好的语法知识书，分块整理知识点反而更有效。

复习语法时一定要抓住该语法知识点的本质。

当时我选择了一本真题集，第一次做下来10题竟错了8题，在真题中寻找本身漏洞，请好老师解答清楚，提高会相当迅速。

阅读

做阅读的时候心情一定不能浮躁，要沉住气，耐心，不要刻意去看表，控制自己的速度，这样反而会打乱自己的步伐，浪费时间。

检验时间是否来得及可以在作整套练习卷时用正常的速度试一试。

细节题大家都能得分，而推断题、归纳题大家又都容易失分。

推荐选四级的阅读真题来练习，四级难度稍大于高考，把四级阅读题中的推断题归纳题都做对了，做高考的题目简直是小菜一碟。

翻译

翻译应该多做。

背出不会翻的表达，注意不是死记硬背翻过的每句话，保证背出来后能活用在其他再次碰到的任何情况。

写作

格式学整齐，其中的内容是要看整体英语实力的了。

翻译好了，许多英语句子能地道的表达出来了，作文也就丰富多彩了。

在学习英语过程中，每个人会遇到每个人不同的问题，或小或大，真心希望同学们能少受些折磨，多得一些成就感与豁然开朗的感觉，这样的学习才能化被动为主动，越学越快乐。